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This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.
SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.
Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
2021 Census | -- people
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Springvale (Vic.) has an estimated 24,563 residents, up from 22,174 at the 2021 Census — a change of 2,389 people, or 10.8%. Growth has averaged 0.7% a year over five years. 387 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. Overseas migration accounts for 91.0% of that increase. That puts 2,215 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to investigations of ABS demographic releases covering the surrounding region, combined with fresh street addresses verified by AreaSearch subsequent to the Census, the suburb of Springvale (Vic.) has a population calculated to be approximately 24,563 in May 2026. This represents an expansion of 2,389 individuals (10.8%) relative to the 2021 Census, which registered a headcount of 22,174 people. This adjustment is deduced from a local population of 24,380, calculated by AreaSearch using the most recent ABS ERP details published in June 2025 alongside a further 387 verified new addresses post-Census.
Such a population size translates to a density of 2,214 persons per square kilometer, a figure that sits higher than the typical density across Australian sites assessed by AreaSearch. The 10.8% expansion in the suburb of Springvale (Vic.) since the 2021 census was greater than the SA3 region (7.0%) and the state, making it a regional leader in expansion. Overseas migration was the primary driver of growth in the area, yielding roughly 91.0% of the total demographic expansion in recent times. For each SA2 boundary, AreaSearch uses demographic projections published by the ABS and Geoscience Australia in 2024, utilising 2022 as the baseline. Where such projections are unavailable, VIC State Government Regional/LGA projections from 2023 are used, modified via a weighted aggregation methodology of population increases from LGA scale down to SA2 divisions. Growth trends by age cohort from these aggregations are also projected forward for the years 2032 to 2041. Looking at future demographic shifts, a major population expansion is expected within the top quarter of localities assessed by AreaSearch, with the suburb of Springvale (Vic.) projected to grow by 5,633 individuals to 2041 based on compiled SA2 statistics, showing an overall growth of 22.2% across the 16 years.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
514 new dwellings have been approved in Springvale (Vic.) over the past five years, an average of 102 a year. That places the area in the 69th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 4 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 100 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 35% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 118, broadly in line with that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
According to AreaSearch's evaluation of ABS residential building permits distributed from localized data, Springvale has averaged approximately 102 new dwellings approved annually, amounting to an estimated 514 properties over the preceding 5 financial years. Thus far during FY-26, there have been 109 permits registered. With an average of 1.6 individuals moving into the locality annually for every home constructed over the 5 financial years spanning FY-21 to FY-25, residential supply and demand appear to be in equilibrium, yielding stable market conditions; nevertheless, recent figures indicate this metric has risen to 4.4 individuals per dwelling over the past 2 financial years, pointing to rising local demand and potential construction bottlenecks.
Newly approved residences carry an average construction value of $530,000, indicating that developers are focusing on upmarket, higher-end properties. Furthermore, commercial building approvals worth $36.9 million have been logged this financial year, pointing to strong local business investment. Compared to Greater Melbourne, Springvale exhibits slightly higher levels of construction activity, registering 18.0% above the regional average per capita over the 5 year period, which maintains choice for buyers while supporting existing home values. Newly approved projects consist of 35.0% standalone houses and 65.0% semi-detached or multi-unit dwellings. This orientation toward higher-density options offers budget-friendly entry points and attracts downsizers, property investors, and first-time purchasers. This represents a significant shift from the current residential landscape, which is comprised of 70.0% houses, reflecting a scarcity of vacant land alongside changing buyer tastes and affordability constraints. With a ratio of approximately 228 individuals for each approved dwelling, Springvale shows a market undergoing transition. Looking forward, Springvale is projected to add 5,450 new residents by 2041, based on the latest quarterly calculations from AreaSearch. Residential construction is keeping a steady pace relative to this expected expansion, though buyers may face increased competition as the local population grows.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Springvale (Vic.)
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 4 current infrastructure and development projects inside Springvale (Vic.), worth an estimated $230 million. A further 91 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $83.9 billion. 26 are already under construction and 27 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, communities, precincts & urban renewal and transport & logistics. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Local infrastructure projects, planning choices, and development initiatives are key drivers of regional performance. AreaSearch has tracked 20 projects that are expected to influence the locality. Key initiatives include the mixed-use development at 1, 3 & 5 Kintore Street, the Revitalising Springvale program, the undergrounding of Springvale Railway Station, and the Springvale Community Hub and Boulevard, with the details of the most significant works listed below.
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INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
1, 3 & 5 Kintore Street Mixed-Use Development
A ministerial planning permit approved mixed-use development featuring 104 modern dwellings across a 7-story building with ground floor retail spaces and basement parking, located within the Springvale Activity Centre to enhance residential and commercial options. The development site is currently under offer.
Revitalising Springvale
Council-led urban renewal program for the Springvale Activity Centre. Current focus is completing and enhancing Springvale Boulevard (Springvale Road between Balmoral Ave and Windsor Ave) with upgraded footpaths, lighting, seating, greenery, gateway thresholds and public art, plus improvements to Multicultural Place under the Springvale Revitalisation Action Plan (SRAP).
Springvale Railway Station Underground
Level crossing removal and premium underground station completed in 2014. Railway line elevated and new station facilities built underground with improved accessibility, removing major road congestion at Springvale Road.
Springvale Community Hub and Boulevard
World-class community facility with public library, community rooms, learning areas, exhibition space, conference facilities and Springvale Road boulevard transformation. 6-Star Green Star Rating with net zero emissions.
Roselle Townhomes
Roselle is a boutique residential community of 60 architect-designed two-storey townhomes by SOHO Living in Springvale South. The development offers 2, 3 and 4 bedroom homes with contemporary open-plan layouts, landscaped streetscapes and premium finishes. Construction is underway with homes actively selling and completion targeted for late 2026.
Sandringham Village Streetscape Masterplan
A comprehensive streetscape improvement masterplan for Sandringham Village adopted by Bayside City Council in March 2020. Key features include widened footpaths with street trees along Station Street, a new public space at Waltham Street and Chalmers Avenue adjacent to the library, improved pedestrian movement and accessibility, and a station plaza upgrade. The detailed design phase was deferred and is now scheduled for 2025-26, with additional community engagement underway regarding a proposed partial pedestrianisation of Melrose Street.
New Clayton Campus Student Accommodation
New student accommodation being developed in the North East Precinct of the Clayton campus, alongside College Walk and north of Jock Marshall Reserve. Designed by Jackson Clements Burrows, the hybrid cross-laminated timber project features a 252-bed hall to enhance the on-campus living experience and expand capacity for Monash University students. Construction commenced in February 2026.
PMP Printing Precinct
Mixed-use redevelopment of the former PMP Printing industrial site in Clayton into a 10 hectare urban precinct. The approved Comprehensive Development Plan and Development Contributions Plan provide for around 1180 new homes and approximately 1000 local jobs, centred on a new town square, three local parks and upgraded streets and walking and cycling links. Within the precinct, Assemble, Make Ventures and Housing Choices Australia are delivering a major build-to-rent project at 209-211 Carinish Road with around 700 apartments including significant social and affordable housing, together with supermarket and mixed commercial space.The precinct is next to Clayton Station, the future Suburban Rail Loop Clayton station and the Monash health and education precinct, making it a key transit-oriented renewal project for Melbournes south east.
12,076 residents of Springvale (Vic.) are employed, from a labour force of 12,705. Unemployment sits at 5.0%, with participation at 60.5%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 5.5% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
Springvale features a highly skilled labor pool where manufacturing and industry play major roles, alongside a 5.0% unemployment rate and an estimated employment growth of 4.3% in the previous year, according to AreaSearch aggregated statistical area data. As of March 2026, 12,076 residents are employed while the local unemployment rate sits at 0.2% higher than Greater Melbourne's 4.8%, and workforce participation falls considerably behind the metropolitan benchmark at 60.5% versus 70.2%. Census data indicate that a moderate 14.3% of residents worked from home, though the lingering effects of Covid-19 lockdown periods should be taken into account when interpreting these figures.
The primary employment sectors for local residents are manufacturing, health care & social assistance, and retail trade. The workforce shows a particularly high concentration in manufacturing, with local employment share reaching 2.3 times the wider metropolitan average. By contrast, education & training is underrepresented, accounting for 4.7% of jobs compared to the regional average of 9.2%. Although local jobs are available, a comparison of Census employment counts to local population figures suggests that many residents travel outside the suburb to work. According to AreaSearch analysis of SALM and ABS statistics aggregated from regional data, the 12-month window experienced a 4.3% rise in employment alongside a 4.2% expansion of the labor force, resulting in a 0.1 percentage point drop in the unemployment rate. In contrast, Greater Melbourne registered job growth of 2.1%, labor force expansion of 2.3%, and a 0.2 percentage point increase in unemployment. National employment projections from May-25 compiled by Jobs and Skills Australia provide additional context on future labor needs in Springvale. These five and ten-year projections have been applied to the local workforce structure to model future employment trends. While nationwide employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, growth rates vary widely by industry. Applying these sectoral projections to the local employment profile indicates that local job numbers should rise by 5.5% over five years and 12.2% over ten years, representing a basic weighted calculation for illustrative purposes that does not incorporate local population forecasts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Springvale (Vic.) is $1,402 a week (about $73,000 a year), with median personal income at $558 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $41,040 a year against an average of $47,974. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
The most recent postcode-level ATO statistics for the 2023 financial year show that incomes in Springvale are below the national benchmarks, with a median of $41,040 and an average of $47,974. This is lower than the Greater Melbourne figures, which show a median income of $57,688 and an average of $75,164. Adjusting for Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since the 2023 financial year, current estimates point to a median income of approximately $44,988 and an average of $52,589 as of March 2026. Census statistics indicate that individual weekly earnings are low at the 7th percentile ($558 weekly), whereas household earnings perform relatively better at the 29th percentile.
In terms of earnings brackets, the largest cohort consists of 31.8% of residents (7,811 people) earning within the $1,500 - 2,999 range, which is comparable to the wider metropolitan area where this group accounts for 32.8% of the population. Housing affordability represents a major challenge, with residents retaining only 82.3% of their income, which ranks in the 26th percentile.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Springvale (Vic.) had 7,165 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 70% detached houses and 9% apartments. 25% are owned with a mortgage, 42% rented and 34% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $357 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,750 a month. Rent absorbs 25.5% of household income here and mortgage repayments 28.8%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
According to the latest Census, the housing stock in Springvale consisted of 69.5% separate houses and 30.5% semi-detached, units, or other dwelling types, compared to 67.9% separate houses and 32.1% alternative dwellings across Greater Melbourne. Furthermore, the home ownership rate in Springvale was higher than the metropolitan average at 33.7%, with the remaining properties being purchased under a mortgage (24.5%) or rented (41.7%). The median monthly mortgage payment in the area was recorded at $1,750, which is below the Melbourne metro average of $2,000, while the median weekly rent was $357, compared to $390 across Greater Melbourne.
Nationally, mortgage repayments in Springvale are lower than the Australian average of $1,863, and weekly rents are below the national median of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Springvale (Vic.) counted 7,165 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 7,937 today, averaging 2.9 people each. 33% are couples with children, against 22% couples without children. 22% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.5 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Family units constitute the majority of households at 71.3%, consisting of couples with children at 32.8%, couples without children at 21.9%, and single-parent households at 13.6%. Non-family households account for the remaining 28.7%, with single-person households representing 22.0% and group households making up 6.7%. The median household size of 2.9 individuals is larger than the Greater Melbourne average of 2.6.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
27.1% of adults in Springvale (Vic.) hold a university qualification, including 18.5% with a bachelor degree and 7.2% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 11.7% hold a vocational qualification. 9 schools serve the area, with 5,559 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 977 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
Educational attainment in Springvale is lower than the regional averages, with 27.1% of residents aged 15 and over holding a university degree, compared to 37.0% across Greater Melbourne. This disparity suggests room for further educational growth and training opportunities. Bachelor degrees are the most common tertiary qualification at 18.5%, followed by postgraduate degrees at 7.2% and graduate diplomas at 1.4%. Vocational education accounts for 21.2% of qualifications among residents aged 15 and over, split between advanced diplomas (9.5%) and certificates (11.7%). A high proportion of the population is engaged in study, with 30.2% of residents currently enrolled in an educational institution.
This includes 7.4% attending higher education, 7.3% in primary school, and 6.5% enrolled in secondary school.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in Springvale (Vic.) reaches 88 stops on 24 routes, timetabled for about 4,000 services a week. The typical home sits about 220 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.3 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
An analysis of public transit options indicates there are 88 active bus stops within Springvale. These stops are served by 24 different routes, which together provide 4,018 weekly passenger journeys. Transit accessibility is rated highly, with the average resident living 215 meters from their nearest stop. Given the residential nature of the area, most workers travel out of the suburb, with private cars remaining the primary travel mode at 80% and trains used by 10%. The average number of motor vehicles is 1.3 per household. At the time of the 2021 Census, 14.3% of the local workforce worked from home, a figure that may reflect pandemic-era conditions.
Public transit schedules average 574 services per day across the network, which translates to roughly 45 passenger trips per week at each individual transit stop.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
77.5% of residents in Springvale (Vic.) report no long-term health condition. 7.5% need daily assistance with core activities, and 45.9% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 5.4 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
Springvale displays favorable health trends based on AreaSearch's evaluation of mortality data and the prevalence of chronic illnesses, with both younger and older cohorts showing low rates of common medical conditions, while the proportion of residents with private health insurance is particularly low at roughly 46% of the population, representing about 11,276 individuals. This is lower than the 56.7% recorded across Greater Melbourne and the Australian average of 55.7%. The most prevalent health issues recorded locally are asthma and diabetes, affecting 5.9% and 5.7% of the population, respectively, while 77.5% of residents reported having no chronic medical conditions, compared to 72.6% across Greater Melbourne.
Residents aged 65 and over make up 17.4% of the population (4,273 people), which is higher than the metropolitan average of 15.0%. Health trends among the senior demographic are above average, with national percentiles matching the broader community.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
69.6% of Springvale (Vic.) residents were born overseas and 80.2% speak a language other than English at home, more culturally diverse than 99% of areas nationally. The largest reported ancestries are Vietnamese (21.3%) and Chinese (20.3%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Springvale stands out as a highly multicultural community, with 69.6% of residents born outside Australia and 80.2% speaking a non-English language at home. Christianity is the most common religious affiliation, representing 29.6% of local residents. However, the most significant deviation from regional trends is seen in Buddhism, which is practiced by 24.9% of the population, compared to a Greater Melbourne average of 4.2%. Regarding ancestry based on parental country of birth, the three most common backgrounds in Springvale are Other at 25.4% of the population, which is higher than the regional average of 14.6%, Vietnamese at 21.3%, which is higher than the metropolitan rate of 1.9%, and Chinese at 20.3%, compared to a regional average of 6.5%.
Other notable differences in ethnic representation include Korean residents at 1.1% of the population (compared to 0.3% regionally), Sri Lankan at 0.7% (compared to 0.8%), and Indian at 5.3% (compared to 4.2%).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Springvale (Vic.) is 36. 34.5% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The median age in Springvale is 36 years, which is close to the Greater Melbourne average of 37 and slightly below the Australian median of 38. Compared to the wider metropolitan area, Springvale has a higher proportion of residents aged 25 to 34 (20.8%) but a lower share of children aged 5 to 14 (9.0%). The concentration of residents aged 25 to 34 is higher than the national figure of 14.6%. Since the 2021 Census, the proportion of residents aged 65 to 74 has increased from 8.2% to 9.1%, while the cohort aged 45 to 54 has decreased from 11.4% to 10.3%.
Future projections suggest the local age structure will change by 2041. The group aged 65 to 74 is expected to show the largest increase, growing by 45% to add 1,004 residents and reach 3,240, while the cohort aged 0 to 4 is projected to grow by a modest 7%, adding 78 children.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Springvale (Vic.)
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | Jun 2026 2 months ago all 4 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Jun 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 387 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (22,174 at the 2021 Census → 24,563 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL22328). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.