Clayton South

SA2

Greater Melbourne / Dandenong

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Aug 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats 212041310 How we calculate this
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Statistical Area (SA2) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.

SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).

Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Clayton South

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Clayton South

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Clayton South has an estimated 15,427 residents, up from 13,381 at the 2021 Census — a change of 2,046 people, or 15.3%. Growth has averaged 1.6% a year over five years, faster than 85% of areas nationally. 299 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. Overseas migration accounts for 90.4% of that increase. That puts 1,943 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

Based on analysis by AreaSearch, the population of Clayton South is approximately 15,427 as of May 2026. This represents a growth of 2,046 residents (15.3%) from the 13,381 individuals recorded in the 2021 Census. This population shift is calculated using the ABS estimated resident population of 15,349 from June 2025 combined with 299 validated new addresses registered since the Census. The current population translates to a density of 1,942 persons per square kilometer, exceeding the typical ratio found across national locations assessed by AreaSearch. With a 15.3% expansion rate since the 2021 census, Clayton South outpaced the broader SA3 region (7.0%) and the state, establishing itself as a local growth leader.

This population rise was chiefly propelled by overseas migration, which accounted for roughly 90.4% of the overall gains in recent times. Projections from ABS and Geoscience Australia, published in 2024 using 2022 as a baseline, are utilized by AreaSearch for each SA2 region. For SA2 areas where this data is unavailable, AreaSearch incorporates the 2023 Regional/LGA projections from the VIC State Government, adjusting them via a weighted aggregation of population growth from the LGA level down to the SA2 level. Growth dynamics by age group derived from these aggregations are also projected across all locations for the period spanning 2032 to 2041. Future demographic forecasts place this area in the top national quartile for population expansion, with an anticipated increase of 5,078 individuals by 2041 based on the most recent annual ERP data, representing a total growth of 32.4% over the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the Clayton South SA2?
Total population for the Clayton South SA2 was estimated to be approximately 15,427 as at May 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 15,349 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the Clayton South SA2 changed since 2021?
The clayton south sa2 has added approximately 2,046 people and shown a 15.29% increase from the 13,381 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the Clayton South SA2?
The population density in the Clayton South SA2 is estimated at 1,942 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the Clayton South SA2?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the Clayton South SA2 has shown a compound annual growth rate of 1.6% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the Clayton South SA2?
Population growth in the Clayton South SA2 is driven by: Overseas migration (90.4%), Natural increase (9.6%), Interstate migration (0.0%). The primary driver is Overseas migration, contributing 90.4% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Clayton South

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426 new dwellings have been approved in Clayton South over the past five years, an average of 85 a year. That places the area in the 64th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 6 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 68 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 15% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 36, well below that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Clayton South averages approximately 85 dwelling approvals per year, with 426 residential properties approved during the last 5 financial years (between FY-21 and FY-25) and 33 recorded in FY-26 so far. An average occupancy of 2.8 new residents per dwelling over the last 5 financial years (between FY-21 and FY-25) indicates steady demand that helps sustain property values. The average construction value for new homes stands at $263,000, which is lower than regional averages and points to more affordable building choices for buyers. Furthermore, commercial development approvals total $29.8 million for the current financial year, indicating robust local business investment.

Compared to Greater Melbourne, Clayton South registers 63.0% higher new home approvals per capita. This offers home buyers a broader selection, even though construction momentum has slowed recently. The mix of new construction consists of 15.0% freestanding houses and 85.0% multi-unit dwellings like townhouses or apartments. This emphasis on denser housing configurations yields more accessible price brackets, catering to downsizers, property investors, and first-time buyers. This trend departs markedly from the existing housing stock (which stands at 56.0% houses), indicating a reduction in vacant development land and reflecting shifting lifestyle choices and affordability constraints. With approximately 490 residents per approved dwelling, Clayton South demonstrates the characteristics of a mature market. Long-term forecasts suggest Clayton South will gain 5,000 residents by 2041, according to the latest quarterly estimates from AreaSearch. If current building rates persist, residential supply may struggle to keep pace with population expansion, which could intensify competition among buyers and support upward pressure on prices.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the Clayton South SA2 recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the Clayton South SA2 area has seen 63 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The Clayton South SA2's current population of 15,427 has been supported by 85 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the Clayton South SA2's development activity compare to the broader region?
The Clayton South SA2 has seen 0.61 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.9 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 490 people in the Clayton South SA2, compared to one for every 125 in the broader region.
Is the Clayton South SA2 keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 5,000 people by 2041, around 2,500 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels may be insufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This indicates potential housing shortages if current approval trends continue.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the Clayton South SA2?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the Clayton South SA2's approval levels have been significantly below the yearly average of 85, showing a notable downturn in recent development.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the Clayton South SA2?
The population in the Clayton South SA2 is expected to grow by 5,000 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 2,500 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the Clayton South SA2?
Over the past five years, the population in the Clayton South SA2 has grown by approximately 4,059 people, while 426 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 9.5 people added for each new dwelling approval. This high ratio suggests strong population growth relative to housing supply, potentially indicating unmet housing demand.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the Clayton South SA2?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 85 approvals per year and a population of 15,427, there appears to be a supply shortfall relative to projected demand, presenting strong opportunities for residential developers. With the population expected to increase by 5,000 people by 2041, around 2,500 new dwellings will be necessary. Current approval trends may be insufficient to meet forecast demand, indicating strong development opportunities.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Clayton South

Development applications around Clayton South

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
Application search is not available in Victoria. AreaSearch holds 49 applications for Clayton South, but they are a record of past activity rather than a current register. Victoria has no state-wide planning portal and its council coverage is uneven, so we have switched the search off here rather than return partial answers. We are currently investigating a solution. No credits are charged for Victorian applications, and building approvals from the ABS and the major projects we track are unaffected.

SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Clayton South

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AreaSearch tracks 4 current infrastructure and development projects inside Clayton South, worth an estimated $15 million. A further 107 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $127 billion. 24 are already under construction and 29 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, communities, precincts & urban renewal and transport & logistics. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Changes to local infrastructure, major developments, and urban planning decisions can significantly influence the performance of a suburb. In total, AreaSearch has identified 25 projects expected to influence the local area. Notable projects include Sanctuary Sandringham, the Sandringham Village Streetscape Masterplan, the 1899-1901 Dandenong Road Mixed-Use Development, and Skylight Sandringham, with details on the most relevant initiatives provided in the list below.

Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Clayton South SA2?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Clayton South SA2 include: Sanctuary Sandringham (Construction); Sandringham Village Streetscape Masterplan (Planning); 1899-1901 Dandenong Road Mixed-Use Development (Construction); Skylight Sandringham (Construction); and Bayside Gallery Redevelopment (Construction). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the Clayton South SA2?
Infrastructure development impacting the Clayton South SA2 spans multiple sectors including Residential Development, Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal, and Arts & Culture, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the Clayton South SA2?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates substantial capital deployment exceeding $34.2 billion in projects that will impact the extended area, with a notable concentration of investment within the immediate the Clayton South SA2 vicinity.
How does the Clayton South SA2's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
The Clayton South SA2 shows moderate infrastructure development relative to national averages, with opportunities for future growth and investment.
Sandringham Village Streetscape Masterplan
Category: Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A comprehensive streetscape improvement masterplan for Sandringham Village adopted by Bayside City Council in March 2020. Key features include widened footpaths with street trees along Station Street, a new public space at Waltham Street and Chalmers Avenue adjacent to the library, improved pedestrian movement and accessibility, and a station plaza upgrade. The detailed design phase was deferred and is now scheduled for 2025-26, with additional community engagement underway regarding a proposed partial pedestrianisation of Melrose Street.

Precincts & Urban Renewal

409 Clayton Road Mixed-Use Development
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Approved 12 to 17-storey mixed-use development comprising 144 apartments, ground floor retail, office space, resident amenities including a swimming pool and communal terraces, 147 car spaces and 121 bicycle spaces. The revised design by Cera Stribley was approved by Monash City Council in December 2023 following earlier VCAT proceedings. The project remains in the approvals phase with no confirmed construction completion announced.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Monash Medical Centre Tower Expansion Project
Category: Health & Medical
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2029
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A $535 million major redevelopment delivering a new seven-storey clinical services tower constructed above the existing emergency department. Key features include a state-of-the-art operating theatre complex with capacity for 7,500 additional surgeries annually, a new intensive care unit, and expanded maternity services featuring upgraded birthing suites to support 2,400 births per year. The project also establishes a new Central Sterile Services Department to enhance operational efficiency across the hospital precinct.

Health & Medical

PMP Printing Precinct
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2028
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Mixed-use redevelopment of the former PMP Printing industrial site in Clayton into a 10 hectare urban precinct. The approved Comprehensive Development Plan and Development Contributions Plan provide for around 1180 new homes and approximately 1000 local jobs, centred on a new town square, three local parks and upgraded streets and walking and cycling links. Within the precinct, Assemble, Make Ventures and Housing Choices Australia are delivering a major build-to-rent project at 209-211 Carinish Road with around 700 apartments including significant social and affordable housing, together with supermarket and mixed commercial space.The precinct is next to Clayton Station, the future Suburban Rail Loop Clayton station and the Monash health and education precinct, making it a key transit-oriented renewal project for Melbournes south east.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

New Clayton Campus Student Accommodation
Category: Education & Training
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

New student accommodation being developed in the North East Precinct of the Clayton campus, alongside College Walk and north of Jock Marshall Reserve. Designed by Jackson Clements Burrows, the hybrid cross-laminated timber project features a 252-bed hall to enhance the on-campus living experience and expand capacity for Monash University students. Construction commenced in February 2026.

Education & Training

Gardenia Apartments Clayton South
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   

Gardenia Apartments is a boutique collection of 74 contemporary one and two bedroom residences at 14 Gardenia Street, Clayton South, designed for comfortable modern living.

Residential Development

Clayton Business Park
Category: Business Parks & Technology Hubs
Stage: Proposed | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   

Redevelopment by Goodman Group to transform existing warehousing into a business park with four main precincts, having a total gross floor area of 115,678 square meters including office and industrial space, and a cafe. The site currently has 145,883sqm of existing warehousing and office space.

Business Parks & Technology Hubs

Clayton Structure Plan and Precinct Development
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2035
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The transformation of Clayton into a transport super hub through the Suburban Rail Loop (SRL) East project and associated precinct planning. Major construction is underway as of 2026, including site preparation for the new 18m deep underground station and the 'Paid to Paid' interchange with the existing Metro station. The plan facilitates up to 70,000 new homes by the 2050s and high-density development up to 15 storeys. Key features include an elevated walkway over Clayton Road, new cycling links to Monash University, and a world-class health and research hub centered around the Monash Medical Centre.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Clayton South

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8,707 residents of Clayton South are employed, from a labour force of 8,964. Unemployment sits at 2.9%, with participation at 67.6%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.3% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth, so in an area growing as fast as this one it understates the likely rise in local jobs. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

The workforce in Clayton South is highly educated, featuring a strong contingent in professional services, an unemployment rate of only 2.9%, and an estimated 4.5% job growth over the preceding year. As of March 2026, there are 8,707 employed residents, and the unemployment rate is 1.9% lower than the Greater Melbourne rate of 4.8%. The labor force participation rate is slightly below the regional benchmark, at 67.6% compared to 70.2% in Greater Melbourne. According to Census data, a moderate portion of the population (23.3%) worked from home, though this figure may reflect the influence of Covid-19 restrictions.

Resident employment is heavily concentrated in health care & social assistance, manufacturing, and retail trade. The local economy displays a marked concentration in manufacturing, with its employment share reaching 1.5 times the wider regional proportion. In contrast, the construction sector is less represented, accounting for 7.1% of local jobs compared to the regional average of 9.7%. While there are local job opportunities, a comparison of the Census working population against the local resident count indicates that a large proportion of residents travel outside the area for employment. Based on AreaSearch's evaluation of SALM and ABS statistics for the 12 months leading up to March 2026, local employment grew by 4.5% and the labor force expanded by 4.3%, which led to a 0.2 percentage point decrease in unemployment. Over the same timeframe, Greater Melbourne saw employment rise by 2.1% and the labor force grow by 2.3%, while its unemployment rate increased by 0.2 percentage points. National employment projections from Jobs and Skills Australia released in May-25 offer additional perspective on future labor demand in Clayton South. These five and ten-year projections have been mapped against the local industry profile to estimate future trends. Nationally, employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, with growth rates varying widely by sector. Applying these national sector trends to the local workforce mix suggests Clayton South's employment numbers would rise by 6.3% over five years and 13.4% over ten years, representing a basic weighted projection for comparative purposes that does not incorporate localized population forecasts.

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the Clayton South SA2?
As of March 2026, the Clayton South SA2 has approximately 8,707 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 2.9%. This very low unemployment rate indicates a tight labour market with strong demand for workers. Employment performance is above the national median, showing positive labour market dynamics.
How does the Clayton South SA2's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the Clayton South SA2 stands at 2.9%, which is 1.9 percentage points below Greater Melbourne's rate of 4.8%. This lower unemployment rate suggests stronger local employment conditions. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the Clayton South SA2?
The employment landscape in the Clayton South SA2 is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are health care & social assistance (15.4% of employment), manufacturing (10.7%), and retail trade (9.9%). Other significant employers include professional & technical and accommodation & food.
How has employment changed recently in the Clayton South SA2?
Over the past year to March 2026, the Clayton South SA2 has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has fall. By comparison, Greater Melbourne saw employment increased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the Clayton South SA2?
The workforce participation rate in the Clayton South SA2 is 67.6%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate trailing the Greater Melbourne average of 70.2%, showing similar workforce dynamics to the broader region.
Which industries are over-represented in the Clayton South SA2's employment market?
The clayton south sa2 shows notable specialization in manufacturing, which employs 10.7% of the local workforce compared to 7.2% regionally. This moderate specialization indicates some local strength in the sector. The area also shows above-average employment in 1 other sectors, contributing to a distinctive economic profile.
What are the employment growth prospects for the Clayton South SA2?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the Clayton South SA2's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 6.3% over the next five years and 13.4% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the Clayton South SA2 compare nationally?
The clayton south sa2's employment market shows above-average performance nationally, placing in the top half of areas assessed. Employment indicators suggest healthy labour market conditions relative to other regions. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region saw a 8.9% decline, ranking 34.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the Clayton South SA2?
Skilled workers will find good opportunities in the Clayton South SA2, with skilled sectors accounting for 37.6% of employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (15.4%), professional & technical (8.4%), and education & training (6.9%). With projected employment growth of 6.3% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Clayton South

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Median household income in Clayton South is $1,630 a week (about $85,000 a year), with median personal income at $685 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $51,376 a year against an average of $59,705. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

According to AreaSearch's compilation of the most recent postcode-level ATO statistics released for financial year 2023, taxpayers in the Clayton South SA2 recorded a median income of $51,376 and an average income of $59,705. These figures sit below the national averages and compare to $57,688 (median) and $75,164 (average) across Greater Melbourne. Adjusted for a Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since financial year 2023, estimated incomes as of March 2026 would be roughly $56,318 for the median and $65,449 for the average. In the 2021 Census, household income was positioned at the 43rd percentile ($1,630 per week), while individual income was at the 25th percentile.

Income distribution data shows that the largest segment of the population, comprising 34.5% of residents (5,322 people), falls within the $1,500 - 2,999 range, which aligns closely with the regional trend of 32.8% in this bracket. Housing costs consume a significant portion of earnings, leaving just 82.8% of income after housing expenses, placing the area in the 42nd percentile nationally, while the SEIFA index ranks the area in the 4th decile for income.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the Clayton South SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Clayton South SA2 is approximately $56,318. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $51,376.
What is the average taxable income in the Clayton South SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Clayton South SA2 is approximately $65,449. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $59,705.
How does the median taxable income in the Clayton South SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Clayton South SA2 is approximately $56,318 compared to $63,238 in Greater Melbourne. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $51,376 and $57,688 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the Clayton South SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Clayton South SA2 is approximately $65,449 compared to $82,395 in Greater Melbourne. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $59,705 and $75,164 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the Clayton South SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~34.5% / 5,322 persons) of the Clayton South SA2's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the Clayton South SA2 compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the Clayton South SA2 is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 34.5% of the population. In comparison, Greater Melbourne's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 32.8% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the Clayton South SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the Clayton South SA2 is $1,630/wk.
What is the median family income in the Clayton South SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the Clayton South SA2 is $1,743/wk.
What is the median personal income in the Clayton South SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the Clayton South SA2 is $685/wk.
How does the Clayton South SA2's income rank nationally?
The Clayton South SA2's income level is lower than average on a national basis according to the latest ATO data aggregated by AreaSearch for FY-23. The Clayton South SA2's median income among taxpayers is $51,376 and the average income stands at $59,705, which compares to figures for Greater Melbourne's of $57,688 and $75,164 respectively. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $56,318 (median) and $65,449 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the Clayton South SA2?
The estimated disposable income in the Clayton South SA2 is $5,846 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the Clayton South SA2's disposable income compare to the region?
The clayton south sa2's disposable income is $5,846 compared to $6,948 for Greater Melbourne, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Clayton South

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Clayton South had 4,783 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 56% detached houses and 11% apartments. 27% are owned with a mortgage, 41% rented and 32% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $381 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,997 a month. Rent absorbs 23.4% of household income here and mortgage repayments 28.3%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

An analysis of dwelling types in Clayton South during the latest Census revealed that separate houses made up 56.0% of the housing stock, while other dwellings (including semi-detached properties, apartments, and alternative structures) accounted for 43.9%. This compares to 67.9% houses and 32.1% other dwellings across metropolitan Melbourne. The home ownership rate in Clayton South was 32.1%, matching the Melbourne metropolitan level, with the remaining properties being mortgaged (27.4%) or rented (40.6%). The median monthly mortgage cost of $1,997 was lower than the metropolitan average of $2,000, and the median weekly rent of $381 was also below the Melbourne average of $390.

Nationally, mortgage payments in Clayton South are higher than the Australian median of $1,863, and rent payments also exceed the national median of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the Clayton South SA2?
In the Clayton South SA2, 32.1% of homes are owned outright, 27.4% are owned with a mortgage, and 40.6% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the Clayton South SA2 are houses?
According to the latest data, 56.0% of dwellings in the Clayton South SA2 are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the Clayton South SA2 are apartments or units?
In the Clayton South SA2, 11.0% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 32.9% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the Clayton South SA2?
Outright home ownership in the Clayton South SA2 stands at 32.1%, compared to 30.7% in Greater Melbourne.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the Clayton South SA2?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the Clayton South SA2 is $1,997, compared to $2,000 in Greater Melbourne.
What is the median weekly rent in the Clayton South SA2?
The median weekly rent in the Clayton South SA2 is $381, compared to $390 in Greater Melbourne.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the Clayton South SA2?
In the Clayton South SA2, 4.3% of rentals are $0-149/week, 28.6% are $150-349/week, 65.2% are $350-649/week, 1.6% are $650-949/week, and 0.3% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the Clayton South SA2?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the Clayton South SA2 is $1,217, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the Clayton South SA2?
In the Clayton South SA2, households with mortgages typically spend 28.3% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 23.4% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the Clayton South SA2?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the Clayton South SA2 is 0.9, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the Clayton South SA2 compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the Clayton South SA2 shows mortgage holders spending 28.3% of income on repayments (vs 24.3% regionally), while renters spend 23.4% of income on rent (vs 20.5% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the Clayton South SA2?
The dwelling mix in the Clayton South SA2 consists of 56.0% detached houses, 32.9% semi-detached dwellings, 11.0% apartments, and 0.0% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the Clayton South SA2?
Based on the area's tenure composition, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $1,217. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $1,997/month, and renters paying $1,650/month.
How affordable is housing in the Clayton South SA2 relative to local incomes?
Housing in Clayton South consumes approximately 17.2% of median household income ($7,058 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the Clayton South SA2?
Recent development applications in Clayton South show attached dwellings contributing 62% of approvals compared to 44% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 38% of applications versus 56% of current dwellings. This suggests increasing densification. This area is seeing substantial increases in dwelling density compared to most Australian locations.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Clayton South

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Clayton South counted 4,783 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 5,514 today, averaging 2.7 people each. 32% are couples with children, against 24% couples without children. 22% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.3 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Family units constitute the majority of households at 69.8%, consisting of couples with children (31.8%), couples without children (24.3%), and single-parent households (11.4%). Non-family households represent the remaining 30.2% of the total, with single-person households making up 21.9% and group households accounting for 8.4%. The average household size of 2.7 residents is slightly larger than the Greater Melbourne average of 2.6.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the Clayton South SA2?
As of the 2021 Census, the Clayton South SA2 had 4,783 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 15.3% to an estimated 5,514 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the Clayton South SA2 is 2.7 people. This compares to 2.6 in Greater Melbourne and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 69.8% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (21.9%), group households (8.4%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 3,338 family households, 31.8% are couples with children, 24.3% are couples without children at home, and 11.4% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the Clayton South SA2 compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Greater Melbourne, the Clayton South SA2 shows distinct household patterns. The prevalence of shared households suggests a younger demographic or affordability considerations.
What is the average family size?
Families in the Clayton South SA2 have an average of 1.3 children, slightly below the Greater Melbourne average of 1.4. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the Clayton South SA2?
Marriage patterns reveal 46.6% of the adult population are currently married, while 39.3% have never married. This compares to 47.0% married and 38.0% never married across Greater Melbourne.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 21.9% of all households in the Clayton South SA2, similar to the regional average of 24.8%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 8.4% of households, well below the Greater Melbourne average of 4.3%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Clayton South

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39.1% of adults in Clayton South hold a university qualification, including 23.7% with a bachelor degree and 13.5% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 11.8% hold a vocational qualification. 5 schools serve the area, with 1,149 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,019 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

The level of education in Clayton South is high compared to regional baselines, with 39.1% of residents aged 15+ holding a university degree, compared to 26.7% in the SA3 area and 29.8% in the SA4 region. This education profile positions the local workforce well for knowledge-intensive sectors. Bachelor degrees are the most common qualification at 23.7%, followed by postgraduate degrees at 13.5% and graduate diplomas at 1.9%. Vocational qualifications are held by 21.9% of the population aged 15+, which includes advanced diplomas (10.1%) and certificates (11.8%). A significant proportion of the population is engaged in study, with 30.5% of residents enrolled in formal education programs.

This cohort includes 9.7% studying at the tertiary level, 6.8% in primary school, and 5.4% attending secondary school.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the Clayton South SA2 have university qualifications?
39.1% of people aged 15 and over in the Clayton South SA2 have university qualifications, compared to 37.0% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the Clayton South SA2 have no formal qualifications?
39.0% of people aged 15 and over in the Clayton South SA2 have no formal qualifications, compared to 35.2% regionally.
How does the Clayton South SA2's education level compare to national averages?
The clayton south sa2 ranks in the 50th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the Clayton South SA2?
The most common qualifications in the Clayton South SA2 are: Bachelor Degree (23.7%), Postgraduate (13.5%), Certificate (11.8%).
What proportion of the Clayton South SA2's population is currently attending educational institutions?
30.5% of the population in the Clayton South SA2 is currently engaged in formal education, with 6.8% in primary school, 5.4% in secondary school, 9.7% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the Clayton South SA2?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the Clayton South SA2 is 1019, indicating average socio-educational advantage (national average is 1000).
How many schools are located within the Clayton South SA2?
There are 5 schools within the Clayton South SA2, with a combined enrollment of approximately 1,149 students.
What types of schools are available in the Clayton South SA2?
The clayton south sa2 includes 3 primary schools, 2 secondary schools.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Clayton South

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Clayton South

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Public transport in Clayton South reaches 72 stops on 16 routes, timetabled for about 3,700 services a week. The typical home sits about 180 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.2 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Analysis of the public transport network shows 72 active bus stops operating in Clayton South. These stops are served by 16 distinct routes, which combine to support 3,682 passenger trips per week. Transport access is rated as excellent, with residents living an average of 180 meters from the nearest stop. The suburb is primarily residential, and the majority of working residents commute to other areas, with private vehicles remaining the most common choice at 78%, followed by trains at 14%. The average rate of vehicle ownership is 1.2 cars per dwelling.

Census data from 2021 shows that 23.3% of residents worked from home, a figure that may reflect pandemic-era travel restrictions. Across all transit routes, service frequency averages 526 trips per day, which translates to roughly 51 weekly services for each individual stop.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Clayton South?
There are 72 public transport stops within the Clayton South SA2.
How frequent are the transport services in Clayton South?
the Clayton South SA2 has 3,682 weekly trips across 16 routes, averaging 526 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Clayton South?
On average, residential properties are 180 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Clayton South

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77.4% of residents in Clayton South report no long-term health condition, a healthier profile than 83% of areas nationally. 6.5% need daily assistance with core activities, and 48.9% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.5 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Health metrics for Clayton South indicate positive outcomes based on AreaSearch's evaluation of mortality rates and the occurrence of chronic illnesses. Younger age cohorts, in particular, show a low rate of common medical issues. The rate of private health insurance coverage is low, with approximately 49% of the population (~7,543 people) holding cover, compared to 56.7% in Greater Melbourne and a national average of 55.7%. Arthritis and asthma are the most frequently reported medical conditions, affecting 5.7% and 5.3% of the population, respectively. Meanwhile, 77.4% of residents reported having no chronic medical conditions, compared to 72.6% across Greater Melbourne.

Residents aged 65 and older make up 14.3% of the population (2,213 people). Senior residents show strong health profiles, although their national health ranking is lower than that of the younger local population.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the Clayton South SA2 have private health insurance?
Around 48.9% of people in the Clayton South SA2 are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 56.7% in the broader region of Greater Melbourne.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the Clayton South SA2?
In the Clayton South SA2, 6.5% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 5.5% of people in Greater Melbourne require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the Clayton South SA2?
5.3% of people in the Clayton South SA2 are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 7.3% of the population across Greater Melbourne is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the Clayton South SA2?
Diabetes affects 5.2% of the the Clayton South SA2 population, while in the surrounding region, 4.1% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the Clayton South SA2?
2.8% of people in the Clayton South SA2 have heart disease. Across the region of Greater Melbourne, 3.1% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the Clayton South SA2 compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the Clayton South SA2, 48.9% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Greater Melbourne sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 56.7%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Clayton South

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65.5% of Clayton South residents were born overseas and 70.4% speak a language other than English at home, more culturally diverse than 98% of areas nationally. The largest reported ancestries are Chinese (17.8%) and Indian (10.8%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Clayton South ranks among the most multicultural communities in the nation, with 70.4% of residents speaking a language other than English at home and 65.5% born outside of Australia. Christianity is the largest religious group, representing 39.3% of the population. The most prominent religious variance is in Buddhism, which is practiced by 10.6% of residents, a figure significantly higher than the Greater Melbourne average of 4.2%. In terms of parental heritage, the three largest ancestry groups in Clayton South are Other at 22.7% (well above the regional average of 14.6%), Chinese at 17.8% (above the regional average of 6.5%), and Indian at 10.8% (above the regional average of 4.2%).

Other notable ethnic concentrations include Greek background at 9.2% of the population (compared to 2.7% across the region), Sri Lankan at 1.5% (compared to 0.8% regionally), and Vietnamese at 4.3% (compared to 1.9% regionally).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the Clayton South SA2?
Clayton South is among the most culturally diverse areas in the country, with 70.4% of its population speaking a language other than English at home and 65.5% born overseas.
What is the most common religion in the Clayton South SA2?
The main religion in Clayton South was found to be Christianity, which makes up 39.3% of people in Clayton South. However, the most apparent overrepresentation was in Buddhism, which comprises 10.6% of the population, substantially higher than the Greater Melbourne average of 4.2%.
What are the top countries of origin in the Clayton South SA2?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Clayton South are Other, comprising 22.7% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 14.6%, Chinese, comprising 17.8% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 6.5%, and Indian, comprising 10.8% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 4.2%. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Greek is notably overrepresented at 9.2% of Clayton South (vs 2.7% regionally), Sri Lankan at 1.5% (vs 0.8%) and Vietnamese at 4.3% (vs 1.9%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
65.5% of the the Clayton South SA2 population was born overseas, compared to 37.3% regionally.
What percentage of the the Clayton South SA2 population speaks a language other than English at home?
70.4% of the population in the Clayton South SA2 speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 35.9% in the wider region.
How many people in the Clayton South SA2 identify as Australian Aboriginal?
0.2% of the the Clayton South SA2 population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 0.5% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the Clayton South SA2?
64.5% of the the Clayton South SA2 population holds citizenship, compared to 81.1% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Clayton South

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The median resident of Clayton South is 34, younger than 84% of areas nationally. 38.6% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

Clayton South has a median age of 34 years, which is slightly younger than the Greater Melbourne average of 37 and lower than the national median of 38 years. Compared to Greater Melbourne, Clayton South has a higher proportion of residents in the 25 - 34 bracket (24.5%) but a smaller share of children aged 5 - 14 (8.4%). The local concentration of residents aged 25 - 34 is higher than the national average of 14.6%. Since the 2021 Census, this 25 to 34 demographic has increased from 23.1% to 24.5% of the total population, while the 45 to 54 cohort decreased from 10.8% to 10.0%.

Population projections for 2041 suggest further changes, with the 25 to 34 age group expected to experience the highest growth at 23%, adding 879 people to reach 4,664.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the Clayton South SA2?
According to the latest data, the median age in the Clayton South SA2 is 34 years.
How does the Clayton South SA2's median age compare to broader areas?
At 34 years, Clayton South is 3 years younger than the Greater Melbourne average (37 years) and 4 years younger than the national average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the Clayton South SA2?
The most over-represented age group in the Clayton South SA2 compared to the Greater Melbourne region is the 25 - 34 group, making up 24.5% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the Clayton South SA2?
The most under-represented age group in the Clayton South SA2 compared to the Greater Melbourne region is the 5 - 14 group, making up 8.4% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the Clayton South SA2 show significant variance compared to the Greater Melbourne region. The most over-represented age group is 25-34 year-olds (24.5% vs 16.5%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the Clayton South SA2?
The percentage of children aged 0-14 years in the Clayton South SA2 is 13.7%.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the Clayton South SA2?
The percentage of people aged 65 and over in the Clayton South SA2 is 14.3%.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Clayton South

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily May 2026 3 months ago all 4 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 299 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (13,381 at the 2021 Census → 15,427 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (212041310). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

Why can the Clayton South SA2 boundary differ from the suburb boundary?
This page uses ABS Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) boundaries for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP). SA2 areas can differ materially from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, even when they share similar names, because they are defined for different purposes and often use different geographic boundaries.
Where does the data on this Clayton South page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Clayton South data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Jun 2026), property sales & rents (Aug 2026), infrastructure projects (May 2026) and services & amenities (Jul 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to May 2026), age profile (to May 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Aug 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

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