Chart Color Schemes
This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.
SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).
Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
ABS ERP | -- people | --
2021 Census | -- people
Curious about local property values? Filter the chart to assess the volume and appreciation (including resales) trends and regional comparisons, or scroll to the map below view this information at an individual property level.
Find a Recent Sale
Sales Detail
Caroline Springs has an estimated 20,934 residents, up from 20,365 at the 2021 Census — a change of 569 people, or 2.8%. That puts 3,012 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to research by AreaSearch, the population of Caroline Springs is estimated at 20,934 as of May 2026. This represents a growth of 569 residents (2.8%) from the 20,365 individuals recorded in the 2021 Census. The calculation is based on the June 2025 ABS estimated resident population of 20,934, combined with 58 validated new addresses registered after the Census. The region has a population density of 3,012 persons per square kilometer, placing it in the top quarter of countrywide locations analyzed by AreaSearch. The main driver of this population growth has been overseas migration, which accounted for approximately 71.2% of the overall population gains in recent times.
For each SA2 region, AreaSearch uses projections from the ABS and Geoscience Australia published in 2024, using 2022 as the starting point. When specific SA2 data is unavailable, projections from the VIC State Government's 2023 Regional/LGA release are used, adjusted by weighting and aggregating population growth from LGA to SA2 levels. Growth rates across age categories derived from these aggregations are also applied to all regions for the period from 2032 to 2041. Based on these projected demographic trends, a major population expansion placing the region in the highest national quartile is anticipated. The population is projected to grow by 5,975 individuals by 2041 compared to the most recent annual ERP data, representing a total increase of 28.5% over the 16 years.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
26 new dwellings have been approved in Caroline Springs over the past five years, an average of 5 a year. That is 0.3 approvals per 1,000 residents. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 5, broadly in line with that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
Caroline Springs averages approximately 5 residential building approvals annually, with a total of 26 dwellings approved over the last 5 financial years. In the current financial year of FY-26, 5 approvals have been documented so far. Because the population declined during the recent period, the supply of housing has remained sufficient to meet demand, leading to a balanced market with diverse options for purchasers, while the average construction cost of new homes stands at $364,000. Furthermore, commercial development approvals valued at $34.7 million have been registered in the current financial year, indicating solid investment from local businesses.
In comparison to Greater Melbourne, Caroline Springs experiences significantly lower levels of building activity. This limited volume of new construction generally supports demand and values for established homes. The construction rate is also below the countrywide average, indicating a mature market and potentially pointing to planning restrictions. New building activity is made up of 75.0% detached houses and 25.0% semi-detached or attached residences, which preserves the established suburban feel with a focus on spacious family homes. The area has a ratio of approximately 13128 people for each dwelling approval, reflecting a highly developed property market. Long-term forecasts indicate that Caroline Springs will add 5,975 residents by 2041, based on the latest quarterly estimates from AreaSearch. If building activity remains at its current pace, the supply of new dwellings might not match the population growth, which could increase competition among homebuyers and underpin stronger price appreciation.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Caroline Springs
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 13 current infrastructure and development projects inside Caroline Springs, worth an estimated $728 million. A further 105 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $33.5 billion. 39 are already under construction and 35 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, communities, precincts & urban renewal and transport & logistics. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
The trajectory of an area is heavily influenced by updates to local transport systems, significant building projects, and zoning adjustments. In total, AreaSearch has tracked 26 projects that are expected to affect the local area. Principal developments include Modeina Estate, Masall Estate, Lake Caroline Master Plan & Activation Strategy, and WestWood Estate, with details on the most significant initiatives provided in the list below.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
Denotes AI-based impression for illustrative purposes only, not to be taken as definitive under any circumstances. Please follow links and conduct other investigations from the project's source for actual imagery. Developers and project owners wishing us to use original imagery please Contact Us and we will do so.
Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Lake Caroline Master Plan & Activation Strategy
Comprehensive masterplan guiding the long-term development and activation of Lake Caroline Reserve in Caroline Springs. Endorsed by Melton City Council in June 2024 following over 800 community submissions across two consultation rounds, the strategy proposes a mid-lake crossing, dedicated event lawn, playspace upgrades, shared zone along Lake Street for markets and festivals, new viewing platforms, ecological wetlands restoration, and renewal of 20-year-old boardwalks and facilities. The plan is guided by three principles: ecology, connections and activation, with the aim of transforming the lake into a vibrant regional community destination.
Caroline Springs Boulevard Upgrade
Road upgrade and signalised pedestrian crossing installation along Caroline Springs Boulevard between Lake Street and Deanside Drive. Includes improved intersection treatments, enhanced pedestrian facilities and traffic flow improvements to support growing residential and commercial development.
Taylors Road and Gourlay Road Traffic Lights and Road Duplication
Council project to replace the existing roundabout with a four-way, signalised intersection and duplicate Taylors Road with an additional lane in each direction between Gourlay Road and City Vista Court, including pedestrian crossings, lighting, drainage and service relocations.
Wiyal Primary School
New government primary school in Fraser Rise, previously known by the interim name Plumpton Primary School, which opened its doors to its first students on 29 January 2026 with capacity for 525 students from Prep to Year 6. Key features include two learning neighbourhoods, an administration and library building, outdoor hard courts, a community hub with an indoor multi-use court, canteen and arts/music spaces, a sports field, and a car park. The school shared in $947.7 million allocated for new schools construction in the 2024-25 State Budget, with over $230 million invested in this project specifically.Paris Spencer was appointed the school's first principal. A co-located kindergarten (interim name) is planned for the same site, expected to open in 2028.
CS Square Extension
Approved 5,045m2 retail and office extension to CS Square Shopping Centre including relocation and expansion of the existing PTV bus interchange. The expansion comprises 1,533m2 of retail space and 889m2 of office space, designed by Peddle Thorp Architects. The project is currently in design development following planning permit approval.
Future Secondary School Masall
The Victorian Government is acquiring land at the Masall estate in Fraser Rise to establish a new educational precinct. The first phase, Wiyal Primary School, opened for Prep to Grade 6 students in 2026. The second phase, a future secondary school, has been flagged by the developer but has not yet been funded or given a confirmed timeline by the Victorian School Building Authority.
Caroline Springs Central Shopping Centre Redevelopment
14,000sqm mixed-use redevelopment transforming 1990s shopping centre into 'Central BLVD'. New retail, dining, wellness, commercial offices and community spaces with contemporary glass and bronze design by RCA Studio.
Modeina Estate
A masterplanned residential community embraced by Kororoit Creek on three sides, offering land lots and house packages in Melbourne's thriving inner west. With over 450 residents already calling Modeina home, the estate provides a family-friendly setting with access to schools, parks, shopping, and transport connections. Features premium creek-front elevated lots, architectural design guidelines, and comprehensive amenities including walking paths, BBQ facilities, and community reserves.
12,441 residents of Caroline Springs are employed, from a labour force of 12,994. Unemployment sits at 4.3%, with participation at 76.2%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.3% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 16,321, about 78% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
The workforce in Caroline Springs is highly educated and spread across various industries, showing an unemployment rate of 4.3% and an estimated annual job growth rate of 1.8%. In March 2026, employed residents numbered 12,441, with the unemployment rate sitting 0.5% lower than the Greater Melbourne average of 4.8%. The participation rate in the labor force is exceptionally high at 76.2%, compared to 70.2% across Greater Melbourne. Census data shows that a substantial 27.7% of residents worked from their homes, though this figure may have been influenced by COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.
The top industries employing local residents are health care & social assistance, retail trade, and construction. The region exhibits a strong employment concentration in transport, postal & warehousing, where the share of jobs is 1.6 times higher than the regional average. Conversely, professional & technical services have a smaller footprint, employing 6.4% of workers compared to 10.1% across the wider region. Given the difference between the local working population and resident population counts in the Census, this residential suburb appears to offer few local employment opportunities. According to AreaSearch's evaluation of SALM and ABS statistics, during the 12 months leading up to March 2026, the number of employed people rose by 1.8% and the labor force expanded by 1.9%, leaving the unemployment rate virtually unchanged. Over the same timeframe, Greater Melbourne recorded a 2.1% rise in employment and a 2.3% expansion in the labor force, resulting in a 0.2 percentage point increase in unemployment. National employment projections released in May-25 by Jobs and Skills Australia provide additional context for future labor demand in Caroline Springs. These five and ten-year forecasts have been combined with the local employment structure to project regional trends. Although nationwide employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, the expected growth rates vary considerably by sector. Projecting these industry-specific forecasts onto the local employment distribution suggests that employment in Caroline Springs will rise by 6.3% over five years and 13.2% over ten years, noting that this is a simple weighted calculation for demonstration purposes and does not incorporate local population growth forecasts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Caroline Springs is $2,133 a week (about $111,000 a year), with median personal income at $813 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $58,404 a year against an average of $67,752. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
In the Caroline Springs SA2, the median income for taxpayers is $58,404 and the average is $67,752, according to AreaSearch's aggregation of the latest postcode-level ATO statistics for financial year 2023. These figures are close to the national averages, contrasting with Greater Melbourne's median taxpayer income of $57,688 and average of $75,164. Adjusting for Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since financial year 2023 yields estimated values of approximately $64,022 for the median and $74,270 for the average as of March 2026. The 2021 Census reports that weekly household income is in the 74th percentile ($2,133 weekly), while individual income sits in the 51st percentile.
Income distribution details show that the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket is the largest, containing 37.2% of residents (7,787 people), which is comparable to the regional proportion of 32.8%. High housing expenses account for 15.3% of income, but solid overall earnings keep disposable income at the 75th percentile, and the area is situated in the 6th decile of the SEIFA index.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Caroline Springs had 6,248 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 89% detached houses and 3% apartments. 52% are owned with a mortgage, 23% rented and 25% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $401 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,950 a month. Rent absorbs 18.8% of household income here and mortgage repayments 21.1%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
According to the most recent Census data, the housing mix in Caroline Springs consisted of 89.3% standalone houses and 10.6% alternative housing options like townhouses, apartments, or other structures, whereas the wider Melbourne metropolitan area recorded 67.9% houses and 32.1% other dwellings. The rate of home ownership in Caroline Springs was lower than that of metropolitan Melbourne at 25.1%, with the remaining properties occupied by households with a mortgage (52.4%) or tenants renting their homes (22.5%). The median monthly payment for home loans in the area was lower than the metropolitan Melbourne average at $1,950, while the median weekly rent was $401, compared to $2,000 and $390 across metropolitan Melbourne.
On a national level, housing repayments in Caroline Springs are above the Australian median mortgage payment of $1,863, and rents are higher than the national median of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Caroline Springs counted 6,248 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 3.1 people each. 51% are couples with children, more than in 95% of areas nationally, against 18% couples without children. 15% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.5 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Families make up the vast majority of households at 83.3%, which includes 50.9% couples with children, 18.0% couples without children, and 13.4% single parent households. Non-family households account for the remaining 16.7% of homes, consisting of single-person households at 14.7% and group housing arrangements at 1.9%. The median number of occupants per household is 3.1, which is larger than the Greater Melbourne average of 2.6.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
30.7% of adults in Caroline Springs hold a university qualification, including 21.4% with a bachelor degree and 6.7% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 17.6% hold a vocational qualification. 8 schools serve the area, with 6,012 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,027 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
The educational profile of the area is distinct when compared to the broader region, as the proportion of residents aged 15 and over with a tertiary degree is 30.7%, higher than the SA3 average of 24.3%. This indicates a strong local focus on tertiary education. Bachelor degrees are the most common qualification at 21.4%, followed by postgraduate degrees (6.7%) and graduate diplomas (2.6%). Vocational and technical training is also highly represented, with 28.9% of residents aged 15 and over holding vocational qualifications, split between advanced diplomas (11.3%) and certificate courses (17.6%).
Enrolment in education is particularly high, with 35.6% of the population actively participating in formal study. This student population includes 12.0% attending primary schools, 10.9% in secondary schools, and 6.1% enrolled in tertiary institutions.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in Caroline Springs reaches 79 stops on 10 routes, timetabled for about 3,000 services a week. The typical home sits about 210 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.7 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
Analysis of public transport options reveals 79 active transport stops in Caroline Springs, which consist of bus services. These locations are served by 10 separate routes, which combine to support 3,005 passenger journeys per week. Access to transport is considered good, with residents living an average of 214 meters from the nearest stop. Due to the residential nature of the suburb, most workers travel out of the area for employment, with cars being the primary mode of travel at 90% and trains at 6%. The average number of motor vehicles per household is 1.7, which is above the metropolitan average.
A significant 27.7% of residents work from home, based on 2021 Census data which may reflect pandemic-era conditions. The average frequency of public transport services is 429 daily trips across all routes, which represents approximately 38 weekly trips for each transport stop.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
77.2% of residents in Caroline Springs report no long-term health condition, a healthier profile than 79% of areas nationally. 4.5% need daily assistance with core activities, and 52.6% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 3.9 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
Health indicators show positive outcomes across Caroline Springs, according to AreaSearch's evaluation of mortality data and the prevalence of chronic illnesses. The younger demographics, in particular, exhibit very low rates of widespread health conditions. The percentage of the population holding private health insurance is slightly higher than the SA2 average, sitting at approximately 53% of the population (~11,011 people), which compares to 56.7% across Greater Melbourne. Asthma and mental health issues were the most frequently recorded medical conditions in the region, affecting 7.0% and 5.4% of residents, respectively. Meanwhile, 77.2% of the population reported having no chronic medical conditions, compared to 72.6% in Greater Melbourne.
The working-age cohort shows strong health profiles with a low incidence of long-term illnesses. Residents aged 65 and older represent 11.7% of the population (2,457 people), which is below the Greater Melbourne proportion of 15.0%, though this cohort ranks lower on health metrics when compared to national figures for the wider population.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
43.1% of Caroline Springs residents were born overseas and 47.9% speak a language other than English at home, more culturally diverse than 86% of areas nationally. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (12.9%) and English (11.7%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Caroline Springs demonstrates high cultural diversity, with 43.1% of the population born outside of Australia and 47.9% speaking a language other than English at home. Christianity is the primary religion, with 57.3% of Caroline Springs residents identifying with it. The most notable religious difference is the proportion of Islamic residents, who make up 8.0% of the population, compared to 5.6% across Greater Melbourne. Regarding parental birthplace, the three largest ancestral groups represented in Caroline Springs are Other at 22.1% of the population, which is much higher than the regional average of 14.6%, Australian at 12.9%, which is lower than the regional average of 18.4%, and English at 11.7%, which is lower than the regional average of 20.1%.
There are also distinct differences in the representation of other backgrounds: Maltese ancestry is heavily overrepresented at 6.3% of the Caroline Springs population (compared to 1.1% regionally), Filipino at 6.0% (compared to 1.3%), and Macedonian at 3.0% (compared to 0.7%).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Caroline Springs is 36, younger than 79% of areas nationally. That is 1 year older than at the 2021 Census. 27.6% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The median age in Caroline Springs is 36 years, which is very close to the Greater Melbourne average of 37 years and slightly below the national median of 38 years. Compared to Greater Melbourne, Caroline Springs has a larger proportion of residents in the 45 - 54 age bracket (16.7%) but a smaller share of 25 - 34 year-olds (11.3%). Since the 2021 Census, the 55 to 64 age category has increased from 9.3% to 11.2% of the population, and the 15 to 24 group rose from 14.7% to 16.3%.
On the other hand, the 5 to 14 cohort decreased from 16.3% to 13.4% and the 35 to 44 cohort declined from 16.2% to 14.1%. Demographic projections indicate the age structure of Caroline Springs will change significantly by 2041, with the 55 to 64 age group expected to experience the fastest growth at 69%, adding 1,611 residents to total 3,960, while the 5 to 14 group is projected to grow by just 3% (72 people).
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Caroline Springs
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | Aug 2026 this month all 14 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Aug 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 58 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (20,365 at the 2021 Census → 20,934 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (213041463). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.