Kilsyth

Suburb (SAL)

Greater Melbourne / Yarra Ranges

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Aug 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats SAL21354 How we calculate this
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Suburb (SAL) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.

SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.

Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Kilsyth

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Kilsyth

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Kilsyth has an estimated 12,616 residents, up from 11,699 at the 2021 Census — a change of 917 people, or 7.8%. Growth has averaged 1.2% a year over five years. 319 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. That puts 1,352 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

According to evaluations of ABS population adjustments for the wider region, combined with recent address verifications by AreaSearch following the Census, the suburb of Kilsyth has an estimated residency of approximately 12,616 individuals as of May 2026. This represents an addition of 917 residents (7.8%) relative to the 2021 Census, which registered 11,699 people. This shift is calculated from a resident base of 12,505, determined by AreaSearch after examining the ABS June 2025 release of ERP statistics alongside 319 confirmed new addresses post-Census. Such a population size results in a density of 1,352 persons per square kilometer, outstripping typical ratios across the country as analysed by AreaSearch.

The suburb of Kilsyth recorded a 7.8% expansion rate since the 2021 census, outpacing the broader SA4 region (3.8%) and positioning it as a local growth pacesetter. This demographic expansion was primarily fueled by international arrivals, accounting for roughly 36.0% of the total growth, though all contributors, including interstate migration and natural increase, remained positive. AreaSearch employs projections from ABS and Geoscience Australia for individual SA2 sectors, which were published in 2024 using 2022 as the anchor year. For any SA2 sectors lacking this coverage, AreaSearch applies the VIC State Government's Regional/LGA forecasts from 2023, modifying them via a weighted aggregation technique to translate LGA growth to SA2 boundaries. Age-specific expansion rates derived from these aggregations are also mapped across all sectors for the period from 2032 to 2041. Projecting forward, the suburb of Kilsyth is set to experience population growth exceeding the national median, with a projected increase of 2,444 residents by 2041 based on compiled SA2 data, illustrating a total expansion of 18.5% over the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the suburb of Kilsyth?
Total population for the suburb of Kilsyth was estimated to be approximately 12,616 as at May 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 12,505 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the suburb of Kilsyth changed since 2021?
The suburb of kilsyth has added approximately 917 people and shown a 7.84% increase from the 11,699 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The population density in the suburb of Kilsyth is estimated at 1,352 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the suburb of Kilsyth has shown a compound annual growth rate of 1.3% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Population growth in the suburb of Kilsyth is driven by: Overseas migration (36.0%), Interstate migration (36.0%), Natural increase (29.0%). The primary driver is Overseas migration, contributing 36.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Kilsyth

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406 new dwellings have been approved in Kilsyth over the past five years, an average of 81 a year. That places the area in the 74th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 6 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 77 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 49% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 86, broadly in line with that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Analysis by AreaSearch of ABS building approvals, distributed from regional data, shows that Kilsyth has maintained an annual average of approximately 81 new residential permits. This includes an estimated 406 dwellings approved over the preceding 5 fiscal years (from FY-21 to FY-25) and 79 approvals during the current FY-26 period. With an average of 1.8 individuals migrating to the district annually for every new home built between FY-21 and FY-25, residential supply and demand appear closely aligned, supporting stable market conditions. These new properties carry an average projected construction cost of $342,000.

Furthermore, $42.8 million in non-residential development permits have been registered in this financial year, pointing to robust commercial development activity. Current building permits are split between standalone houses at 49.0% and multi-unit dwellings at 51.0%. This movement toward higher-density options offers affordable entry points and attracts downsizers, investors, and first-time buyers. This represents a distinct departure from the existing housing stock, which is 85.0% standalone houses, reflecting a scarcity of vacant land while responding to changing lifestyles and affordability concerns. The area registers roughly 176 residents per residential permit, indicating an expanding property market. Long-term projections indicate Kilsyth will add 2,333 inhabitants by 2041, based on the latest quarterly calculations from AreaSearch. Current building volumes seem well-matched with future population needs, supporting stable real estate dynamics without causing sharp pricing pressures.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the suburb of Kilsyth recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the suburb of Kilsyth area has seen 142 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The suburb of Kilsyth's current population of 12,616 has been supported by 81 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth's development activity compare to the broader region?
The suburb of Kilsyth has seen 0.68 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.9 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 176 people in the suburb of Kilsyth, compared to one for every 125 in the broader region.
Is the suburb of Kilsyth keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 2,333 people by 2041, around 1,167 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear broadly sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the suburb of Kilsyth's approval levels have been below the yearly average of 81, indicating a recent decline in approval activity.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The population in the suburb of Kilsyth is expected to grow by 2,333 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 1,167 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Over the past five years, the population in the suburb of Kilsyth has grown by approximately 2,396 people, while 406 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 5.9 people added for each new dwelling approval. This high ratio suggests strong population growth relative to housing supply, potentially indicating unmet housing demand.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the suburb of Kilsyth?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 81 approvals per year and a population of 12,616, the market appears to be reasonably balanced between supply and demand, presenting moderate opportunities for well-positioned developments. With the population expected to increase by 2,333 people by 2041, around 1,167 new dwellings will be necessary. Current approval trends may be insufficient to meet forecast demand, indicating strong development opportunities.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Kilsyth

Development applications around Kilsyth

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
Application search is not available in Victoria. AreaSearch holds 11 applications for Kilsyth, but they are a record of past activity rather than a current register. Victoria has no state-wide planning portal and its council coverage is uneven, so we have switched the search off here rather than return partial answers. We are currently investigating a solution. No credits are charged for Victorian applications, and building approvals from the ABS and the major projects we track are unaffected.

SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Kilsyth

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AreaSearch tracks 7 current infrastructure and development projects inside Kilsyth, worth an estimated $19 million. A further 73 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $5.96 billion. 17 are already under construction and 25 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, transport & logistics and sports & recreation. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Local performance is heavily shaped by developments in local infrastructure, major works, and municipal planning policies. AreaSearch has identified 22 projects that are expected to influence the local area. Significant works include the Liverpool Road Shared User Path, the industrial development at 120-124 Merrindale Drive, upgrades to the Kilsyth Sporting Complex Stadium, and the Kilsyth Recreation Reserve Master Plan, with detailed information on key projects provided below.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Kilsyth?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Kilsyth include: Liverpool Road Shared User Path (Planning); 120-124 Merrindale Drive Industrial Development (Planning); Kilsyth Sporting Complex Stadium Improvements (Construction); Kilsyth Recreation Reserve Master Plan (Planning); and 150 Cambridge Road Master Plan Development (Approved). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the suburb of Kilsyth?
Infrastructure development impacting the suburb of Kilsyth spans multiple sectors including Sports & Recreation, Transport & Logistics, and Residential Development, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the suburb of Kilsyth?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates significant investment of approximately $337 million in infrastructure projects affecting the region, with a notable concentration of investment within the immediate the suburb of Kilsyth vicinity.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
With an infrastructure score in the top 30%, the suburb of Kilsyth demonstrates above-average development activity compared to national benchmarks.
Liverpool Road Shared User Path
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Design and construction of a new 1.7 km shared user path along Liverpool Road in Kilsyth, linking Canterbury Road to Mount Dandenong Road. The trail will connect key destinations including the Bayswater Business Precinct and Pinks Reserve and is expected to include raised priority crossings at higher-risk conflict points.

Sports & Recreation

120-124 Merrindale Drive Industrial Development
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2026

Major industrial development project at 120-124 Merrindale Drive, Kilsyth valued at $8 million. High-spec climate controlled warehouse facility currently occupied by Mondelez International, part of the growing industrial precinct supporting advanced manufacturing and logistics operations.

Transport & Logistics

Kilsyth Recreation Reserve Master Plan
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2035
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Master plan adopted by Yarra Ranges Council on 12 September 2023 to guide staged upgrades over the next decade. Key items include oval resurfacing, 150 LUX LED sports lighting, new storage and coaches boxes, a multi-use plaza, new local playspace, an asphalt pump track, and landscaping. Engagement on the playspace concept concluded with design finalisation; construction of the playspace is anticipated to commence early 2026 and be completed by June 2026. Redundant tennis courts and the old public toilet block were removed in early 2024.Further works such as the Active Recreation Hub and upgraded lighting are subject to funding.

Sports & Recreation

Kilsyth Sporting Complex Stadium Improvements
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Long overdue improvements to the Kilsyth Sporting Complex including construction of new basketball court within stadium and facility upgrades to support community sports programs.

Sports & Recreation

Kilsyth Connect Logistics Park
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   

A 37,138 square metre logistics estate on a 3.7 hectare Industrial 1 zoned site in Melbourne's outer east, redeveloped through adaptive re-use with strong sustainability credentials including solar PV, EV charging and rainwater harvesting. The estate is now 66 percent leased, including a 10,000 sqm purpose-built facility pre-committed by Jenera for advanced manufacturing, assembly and distribution supporting its partnership with Paccar (Kenworth Trucks). A final prime-grade warehouse is under construction and expected to complete in Q3 2026, representing one of the last opportunities of its calibre in Kilsyth.The site benefits from direct links to EastLink and Maroondah Highway. Following a November 2025 strategic partnership between Cromwell Property Group and Straits Trading, the project's original developer, Terre Property Partners, now operates as part of the Cromwell platform.

Transport & Logistics

207-209 Colchester Road Commercial Development
Category: Business Parks & Technology Hubs
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 0

Commercial industrial development project on Colchester Road, Kilsyth valued at $11.25 million. The development includes modern office and light industrial spaces targeting technology and business services sectors.

Business Parks & Technology Hubs

The Outlook Croydon North
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026

New residential estate of 48 architect designed townhomes in Croydon North, delivering modern family living close to local schools, parks and shopping. As of late 2025 the project is under construction with completion expected in 2026.

Residential Development

150 Cambridge Road Master Plan Development
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2039
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Council-adopted master plan to transform a 3.6 hectare former secondary school site into inclusive public open space for the Kilsyth community. Features include walking and bike paths, nature play, half basketball court, picnic shelter, seasonal wetland, sensory gardens, indigenous planting, and accessible amenities. The land was purchased by Yarra Ranges Council in 2022 for $6.44 million. A staged rollout of works commenced in 2024/25, with the bulk of further improvements subject to future grant and Council funding bids.

Sports & Recreation

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Kilsyth

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6,356 residents of Kilsyth are employed, from a labour force of 6,751. Unemployment sits at 5.9%, with participation at 66.2%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.3% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Kilsyth is characterized by a qualified workforce with a strong presence in essential services, showing an unemployment rate of 5.9% and steady job figures over the last year, based on AreaSearch's compilation of regional statistics. In March 2026, 6,356 locals were employed, representing an unemployment rate 1.1% higher than the Greater Melbourne benchmark of 4.8%, while participation in the labor force was slightly below the metropolitan standard (66.2% compared to 70.2% in Greater Melbourne). Census records indicate a moderate 22.7% of working residents operated from home, though this figure was likely influenced by pandemic containment measures.

The local workforce is heavily represented in healthcare & social assistance, construction, and manufacturing. The construction sector shows a particularly high concentration, employing workers at a rate 1.6 times the regional benchmark. Conversely, professional & technical roles account for only 6.0% of the working population, trailing the Greater Melbourne average of 10.1%. Although there are local employment opportunities, a comparison between the Census working population and local jobs indicates a significant number of residents travel to other areas for work. Analysis of SALM and ABS statistics by AreaSearch, compiled from regional areas, shows that over the 12-month period, local employment saw no growth, rising by exactly zero percent, while the workforce expanded by 1.7%, leading to a rise in unemployment of 1.5 percentage points. This differed from Greater Melbourne, where employment grew by 2.1%, the workforce expanded by 2.3%, and the unemployment rate ticked up by 0.2 percentage points. National forecasts released by Jobs and Skills Australia in May-25 offer additional perspective on potential future staffing demands in Kilsyth. These five and ten-year projections have been applied to the local workforce structure to model future growth. While national employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, the rates of change vary by industry. Mapping these industry-specific projections onto the local workforce suggests employment in Kilsyth should expand by 6.3% over five years and 13.3% over ten years, though this is a basic weighted extrapolation for demonstration purposes and does not account for localized population changes.

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the suburb of Kilsyth?
As of March 2026, the suburb of Kilsyth has approximately 6,356 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 5.9%. The unemployment rate is moderate, indicating some available workforce capacity. The area faces employment challenges compared to other regions nationally.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the suburb of Kilsyth stands at 5.9%, which is 1.1 percentage points above Greater Melbourne's rate of 4.8%. This higher unemployment rate may indicate local labour market challenges. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The employment landscape in the suburb of Kilsyth is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are health care & social assistance (16.0% of employment), construction (15.2%), and manufacturing (10.7%). Other significant employers include retail trade and education & training.
How has employment changed recently in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Over the past year to March 2026, the suburb of Kilsyth has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has rise. By comparison, Greater Melbourne saw employment increased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The workforce participation rate in the suburb of Kilsyth is 66.2%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate trailing the Greater Melbourne average of 70.2%, showing similar workforce dynamics to the broader region.
Which industries are over-represented in the suburb of Kilsyth's employment market?
The suburb of kilsyth shows notable specialization in construction, which employs 15.2% of the local workforce compared to 9.7% regionally. This concentration suggests the area has developed competitive advantages in this sector. The area also shows above-average employment in 1 other sectors, contributing to a distinctive economic profile.
What are the employment growth prospects for the suburb of Kilsyth?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the suburb of Kilsyth's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 6.3% over the next five years and 13.3% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the suburb of Kilsyth compare nationally?
The suburb of kilsyth's employment market shows weaker performance compared to most areas nationally. This suggests the need for targeted economic development initiatives. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region saw a 8.9% decline, ranking 34.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Skilled workers will find good opportunities in the suburb of Kilsyth, with skilled sectors accounting for 35.2% of employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (16.0%), education & training (9.3%), and professional & technical (6.0%). With projected employment growth of 6.3% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Kilsyth

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Median household income in Kilsyth is $1,649 a week (about $86,000 a year), with median personal income at $803 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $54,682 a year against an average of $64,037. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

The most recent postcode-level ATO statistics from AreaSearch for financial year 2023 show that incomes in Kilsyth sit below the national average, with a median of $54,682 and an average of $64,037. This is lower than the Greater Melbourne figures, which show a median of $57,688 and an average of $75,164. Adjusting for a Wage Price Index expansion of 9.62% since financial year 2023, current estimates for March 2026 would be around $59,942 for the median and $70,197 for the average. Census statistics indicate that household, family, and individual incomes are all relatively modest, falling between the 44th and 50th percentiles.

In terms of earnings distribution, the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket is the largest, containing 35.9% of residents (4,529 people), which closely aligns with the regional distribution where 32.8% fall into this range. Affordability pressures are notable, with residents keeping only 82.6% of their income, placing the area in the 43rd percentile, while the SEIFA index ranks the local income level in the 5th decile.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth is approximately $59,942. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $54,682.
What is the average taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth is approximately $70,197. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $64,037.
How does the median taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth is approximately $59,942 compared to $63,238 in Greater Melbourne. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $54,682 and $57,688 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Kilsyth is approximately $70,197 compared to $82,395 in Greater Melbourne. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $64,037 and $75,164 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the suburb of Kilsyth according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~35.9% / 4,529 persons) of the suburb of Kilsyth's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the suburb of Kilsyth compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the suburb of Kilsyth is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 35.9% of the population. In comparison, Greater Melbourne's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 32.8% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the suburb of Kilsyth according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the suburb of Kilsyth is $1,649/wk.
What is the median family income in the suburb of Kilsyth according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the suburb of Kilsyth is $2,056/wk.
What is the median personal income in the suburb of Kilsyth according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the suburb of Kilsyth is $803/wk.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth's income rank nationally?
As per AreaSearch's latest postcode level ATO data released for FY-23, the suburb of Kilsyth's median income among taxpayers is $54,682, with an average of $64,037. This is lower than average on a national basis, and compares to Greater Melbourne's median of $57,688 and average of $75,164. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $59,942 (median) and $70,197 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The estimated disposable income in the suburb of Kilsyth is $5,900 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth's disposable income compare to the region?
The suburb of kilsyth's disposable income is $5,900 compared to $6,948 for Greater Melbourne, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Kilsyth

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Kilsyth had 4,588 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 85% detached houses and 1% apartments. 45% are owned with a mortgage, 21% rented and 34% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $391 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,972 a month. Rent absorbs 23.7% of household income here and mortgage repayments 27.6%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

Residential architecture in Kilsyth, as of the most recent Census, consisted of 84.6% standalone houses and 15.4% alternative dwellings, such as townhouses, apartments, or other structures, compared to the Melbourne metro distribution of 67.9% houses and 32.1% alternative types. Home ownership rates in Kilsyth were considerably higher than the Melbourne metropolitan average, reaching 33.9%, with the remaining properties occupied by people with a mortgage (45.3%) or tenants (20.8%). The median monthly home loan payment was lower than the Melbourne metro median at $1,972, while the median weekly rent was recorded at $391, compared to metropolitan figures of $2,000 and $390.

Across the country, Kilsyth's home loan payments are higher than the Australian median of $1,863, and rent levels also exceed the national benchmark of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the suburb of Kilsyth?
In the suburb of Kilsyth, 33.9% of homes are owned outright, 45.3% are owned with a mortgage, and 20.8% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Kilsyth are houses?
According to the latest data, 84.6% of dwellings in the suburb of Kilsyth are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Kilsyth are apartments or units?
In the suburb of Kilsyth, 1.3% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 14.1% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Outright home ownership in the suburb of Kilsyth stands at 33.9%, compared to 30.7% in Greater Melbourne.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Kilsyth is $1,972, compared to $2,000 in Greater Melbourne.
What is the median weekly rent in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The median weekly rent in the suburb of Kilsyth is $391, compared to $390 in Greater Melbourne.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the suburb of Kilsyth?
In the suburb of Kilsyth, 4.2% of rentals are $0-149/week, 26.8% are $150-349/week, 67.4% are $350-649/week, 0.9% are $650-949/week, and 0.7% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the suburb of Kilsyth is $1,245, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the suburb of Kilsyth?
In the suburb of Kilsyth, households with mortgages typically spend 27.6% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 23.7% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the suburb of Kilsyth is 0.8, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the suburb of Kilsyth compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the suburb of Kilsyth shows mortgage holders spending 27.6% of income on repayments (vs 24.3% regionally), while renters spend 23.7% of income on rent (vs 20.5% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The dwelling mix in the suburb of Kilsyth consists of 84.6% detached houses, 14.1% semi-detached dwellings, 1.3% apartments, and 0.0% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Considering the housing occupancy patterns, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $1,245. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $1,972/month, and renters paying $1,693/month.
How affordable is housing in the suburb of Kilsyth relative to local incomes?
Housing in Kilsyth consumes approximately 17.4% of median household income ($7,140 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Recent development applications in Kilsyth show attached dwellings contributing 51% of approvals compared to 15% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 49% of applications versus 85% of current dwellings. This suggests increasing densification. Housing density growth is around the national average.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Kilsyth

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Kilsyth counted 4,588 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 4,948 today, averaging 2.4 people each. 30% are couples with children, against 26% couples without children. 28% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.6 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Family units represent the majority of households at 69.8%, consisting of 29.5% couples raising children, 25.9% couples without children at home, and 13.2% single parent households. The remaining 30.2% are non-family arrangements, with single-person households making up 27.8% and group households accounting for 2.5%. The median household size stands at 2.4 people, which is smaller than the Greater Melbourne average of 2.6.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the suburb of Kilsyth?
As of the 2021 Census, the suburb of Kilsyth had 4,588 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 7.8% to an estimated 4,948 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the suburb of Kilsyth is 2.4 people. This compares to 2.6 in Greater Melbourne and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 69.8% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (27.8%), group households (2.5%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 3,202 family households, 29.5% are couples with children, 25.9% are couples without children at home, and 13.2% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Greater Melbourne, the suburb of Kilsyth shows distinct household patterns. This higher proportion of single-person households drives demand for smaller dwellings and different community services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the suburb of Kilsyth have an average of 1.6 children, slightly above the Greater Melbourne average of 1.4. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Marriage patterns reveal 44.6% of the adult population are currently married, while 34.9% have never married. This compares to 47.0% married and 38.0% never married across Greater Melbourne.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 27.8% of all households in the suburb of Kilsyth, similar to the regional average of 24.8%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 2.5% of households, well below the Greater Melbourne average of 4.3%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Kilsyth

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21.5% of adults in Kilsyth hold a university qualification, including 14.7% with a bachelor degree and 4.1% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 27.0% hold a vocational qualification. 4 schools serve the area, with 444 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,002 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

The locality faces educational disparities, with university degree attainment (21.5%) falling well short of the Greater Melbourne average of 37.0%. This highlights a clear area for targeted educational programs. Bachelor degrees are the most common higher qualification at 14.7%, followed by postgraduate degrees (4.1%) and graduate diplomas (2.7%). Vocational and technical training is highly prevalent, with 39.3% of residents aged 15 and over holding qualification credentials, consisting of advanced diplomas (12.3%) and certificates (27.0%). Enrolment in study programs is high, with 25.6% of the population currently undertaking formal education. This group includes 9.0% attending primary school, 6.7% in secondary school, and 3.2% enrolled in higher education.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the suburb of Kilsyth have university qualifications?
21.5% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Kilsyth have university qualifications, compared to 37.0% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the suburb of Kilsyth have no formal qualifications?
39.3% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Kilsyth have no formal qualifications, compared to 35.2% regionally.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth's education level compare to national averages?
The suburb of kilsyth ranks in the 49th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The most common qualifications in the suburb of Kilsyth are: Certificate (27.0%), Bachelor Degree (14.7%), Advanced Diploma (12.3%).
What proportion of the suburb of Kilsyth's population is currently attending educational institutions?
25.6% of the population in the suburb of Kilsyth is currently engaged in formal education, with 9.0% in primary school, 6.7% in secondary school, 3.2% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the suburb of Kilsyth is 1002, indicating average socio-educational advantage (national average is 1000).
How many schools are located within the suburb of Kilsyth?
There are 4 schools within the suburb of Kilsyth, with a combined enrollment of approximately 444 students.
What types of schools are available in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The suburb of kilsyth includes 4 primary schools.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Kilsyth

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Kilsyth

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Public transport in Kilsyth reaches 56 stops on 14 routes, timetabled for about 1,500 services a week. The typical home sits about 270 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.5 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Public transit data shows 56 active transit points within Kilsyth, consisting of various bus options. These points are connected to 14 separate transit routes, which together provide 1,484 passenger services each week. Transit accessibility is rated as favorable, with residents generally living within 272 meters of their nearest stop. Being a mostly residential community, the majority of working residents travel out of the area for employment, with private vehicles remaining the primary choice for 93% of commuters. Households own an average of 1.5 vehicles, which is above the metropolitan average.

Additionally, 22.7% of residents work from home, based on 2021 Census data which may reflect pandemic-era arrangements. Transit services average 212 daily runs across all active routes, which represents approximately 26 weekly services for each individual stop.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Kilsyth?
There are 56 public transport stops within the suburb of Kilsyth.
How frequent are the transport services in Kilsyth?
the suburb of Kilsyth has 1,484 weekly trips across 14 routes, averaging 212 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Kilsyth?
On average, residential properties are 272 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Kilsyth

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65.5% of residents in Kilsyth report no long-term health condition. 6.7% need daily assistance with core activities, and 52.2% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 5.6 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Kilsyth presents notable health concerns, as indicated by AreaSearch's evaluation of mortality data and chronic illness rates, with common conditions occurring across various age brackets. The rate of private health insurance is slightly above the typical SA2 average at approximately 52% of the population (~6,581 people), compared to a higher rate of 56.7% across Greater Melbourne. Mental health conditions and arthritis were the most prevalent medical issues, affecting 9.3% and 8.8% of the population, respectively. Meanwhile, 65.5% of residents reported having no long-term medical conditions, compared to 72.6% in Greater Melbourne.

Working-age locals show a higher-than-average rate of chronic health issues. Residents aged 65 and over make up 19.9% of the local population (2,510 people), which is higher than the 15.0% average for Greater Melbourne. Health measures for older residents indicate some challenges, with national percentiles generally mirroring those of the broader community.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the suburb of Kilsyth have private health insurance?
Around 52.2% of people in the suburb of Kilsyth are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 56.7% in the broader region of Greater Melbourne.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the suburb of Kilsyth?
In the suburb of Kilsyth, 6.7% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 5.5% of people in Greater Melbourne require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the suburb of Kilsyth?
8.5% of people in the suburb of Kilsyth are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 7.3% of the population across Greater Melbourne is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Diabetes affects 4.4% of the the suburb of Kilsyth population, while in the surrounding region, 4.1% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the suburb of Kilsyth?
4.0% of people in the suburb of Kilsyth have heart disease. Across the region of Greater Melbourne, 3.1% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the suburb of Kilsyth, 52.2% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Greater Melbourne sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 56.7%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Kilsyth

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Kilsyth is largely Australian-born, at 78.6% of residents, with 13.2% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are English (29.7%) and Australian (27.7%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Kilsyth displays above-average levels of cultural diversity, with 21.4% of the population born outside Australia and 13.2% speaking a non-English language at home. Christianity is the primary religion, followed by 44.7% of residents. The most distinct variance from regional averages is in the Other category, which represents 0.7% of the population compared to 2.3% in Greater Melbourne. Regarding parental origin, the three largest ancestry groups are English at 29.7% of the population, which is much higher than the regional average of 20.1%; Australian at 27.7%, also significantly above the regional average of 18.4%; and Other at 8.6%, which is lower than the regional rate of 14.6%.

There are also differences in smaller ethnic groups, with Dutch heritage overrepresented at 2.9% of the population compared to 1.2% regionally, Sri Lankan ancestry at 0.5% compared to 0.8%, and Welsh ancestry at 0.6% compared to 0.4%.

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the suburb of Kilsyth?
Kilsyth was found to be above average in terms of cultural diversity, with 21.4% of its population born overseas and 13.2% speaking a language other than English at home.
What is the most common religion in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The main religion in Kilsyth was found to be Christianity, which makes up 44.7% of people in Kilsyth. However, the most apparent overrepresentation was in Other, which comprises 0.7% of the population, compared to 2.3% across Greater Melbourne.
What are the top countries of origin in the suburb of Kilsyth?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Kilsyth are English, comprising 29.7% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 20.1%, Australian, comprising 27.7% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 18.4%, and Other, comprising 8.6% of the population, which is notably lower than the regional average of 14.6%. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Dutch is notably overrepresented at 2.9% of Kilsyth (vs 1.2% regionally), Sri Lankan at 0.5% (vs 0.8%) and Welsh at 0.6% (vs 0.4%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
21.4% of the the suburb of Kilsyth population was born overseas, compared to 37.3% regionally.
What percentage of the the suburb of Kilsyth population speaks a language other than English at home?
13.2% of the population in the suburb of Kilsyth speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 35.9% in the wider region.
How many people in the suburb of Kilsyth identify as Australian Aboriginal?
0.9% of the the suburb of Kilsyth population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 0.5% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the suburb of Kilsyth?
89.1% of the the suburb of Kilsyth population holds citizenship, compared to 81.1% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Kilsyth

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The median resident of Kilsyth is 38. 25.3% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

The median age of 38 in Kilsyth is similar to the Greater Melbourne average of 37 and matches the national median of 38. Compared to the wider metropolitan area, Kilsyth has a larger proportion of residents aged 75 - 84 (8.0%) but fewer young people aged 15 - 24 (10.8%). Since the 2021 Census, the 35 to 44 age bracket has increased from 14.3% to 15.3% of the population, while the 25 to 34 bracket has decreased from 15.4% to 14.5%. By 2041, demographic shifts are expected to alter the local age profile.

The 45 to 54 cohort is projected to grow by 36% (486 people), rising from 1,349 to 1,836, whereas the 0 to 4 group is forecast to have a smaller increase of 6%, adding only 54 children.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the suburb of Kilsyth?
According to the latest data, the median age in the suburb of Kilsyth is 38 years.
How does the suburb of Kilsyth's median age compare to broader areas?
At 38 years, Kilsyth is comparable to the Greater Melbourne average (37 years) and similarly aligned with equal to the national average.
What age groups are over-represented in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The most over-represented age group in the suburb of Kilsyth compared to the Greater Melbourne region is the 75 - 84 group, making up 8.0% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The most under-represented age group in the suburb of Kilsyth compared to the Greater Melbourne region is the 15 - 24 group, making up 10.8% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the suburb of Kilsyth show significant variance compared to the Greater Melbourne region. The most over-represented age groups are 75-84 year-olds (8.0% vs 5.1%) and 85+ year-olds (3.0% vs 2.0%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The percentage of children aged 0-14 years in the suburb of Kilsyth is 18.7%.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the suburb of Kilsyth?
The percentage of people aged 65 and over in the suburb of Kilsyth is 19.9%.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Kilsyth

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily May 2026 3 months ago all 7 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 319 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (11,699 at the 2021 Census → 12,616 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL21354). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

How do Kilsyth suburb boundaries differ from Statistical Areas?
This page uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries (suburb-style geography). SAL represents commonly-known suburb names used in addresses, while Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census/statistical reporting. Even when sharing the same name, SAL and SA2 boundaries often cover different geographic areas with different populations.
Where does the data on this Kilsyth page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Kilsyth data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Jun 2026), property sales & rents (Aug 2026), infrastructure projects (May 2026) and services & amenities (Jul 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to May 2026), age profile (to May 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Aug 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

Nearby Areas