Kiama Downs

Suburb (SAL)

Rest of NSW / Kiama - Shellharbour

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Aug 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats SAL12125 How we calculate this
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Suburb (SAL) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.

SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.

Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Kiama Downs

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The median house price in Kiama Downs is $1.30m, with units at $898k. House values have moved 0.3% a year compounded over five years.

Curious about local property values? Filter the chart to assess the volume and appreciation (including resales) trends and regional comparisons, or scroll to the map below view this information at an individual property level.

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Kiama Downs

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Kiama Downs has an estimated 4,996 residents, down from 5,087 at the 2021 Census — a change of 91 people, or 1.8%. The population has thinned by an average 0.5% a year over five years, slower than 97% of areas nationally. That puts 1,315 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

According to AreaSearch's evaluation of broader regional ABS population releases alongside validated new addresses logged following the Census, the suburb of Kiama Downs has an estimated count of approximately 4,996 residents as of Aug 2026. Relative to the 5,087 individuals recorded during the 2021 Census, this indicates a reduction of 91 people (1.8%). This updated figure incorporates the June 2025 ABS ERP figures combined with 5 validated new addresses identified post-Census. With a resulting density of 1,314 persons per square kilometer, the locality tracks above the nationwide benchmark established by AreaSearch.

Furthermore, natural increase served as the primary demographic driver, accounting for roughly 53.0% of recent population additions. Projections compiled by the ABS and Geoscience Australia for SA2 zones, published in 2024 using 2022 baseline figures (or NSW State Government SA2 releases from 2022 using 2021 baseline data where unavailable), form the foundation for future projections in the suburb of Kiama Downs. Age-specific trajectories derived from these datasets are extended across all locations for 2032 to 2041. Over the coming years, demographic expansion is anticipated to mirror the lower quartile of Australian regional territories, with aggregated SA2 modeling indicating the suburb of Kiama Downs will add 145 persons by 2041, representing cumulative growth of 2.9% across the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Total population for the suburb of Kiama Downs was estimated to be approximately 4,996 as at Aug 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 4,996 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the suburb of Kiama Downs changed since 2021?
The suburb of kiama downs has lost approximately 91 people and shown a 1.79% decrease from the 5,087 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The population density in the suburb of Kiama Downs is estimated at 1,314 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the suburb of Kiama Downs has shown a compound annual growth rate of -0.4% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Population growth in the suburb of Kiama Downs is driven by: Natural increase (53.0%), Overseas migration (47.0%), Interstate migration (0.0%). The primary driver is Natural increase, contributing 53.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Kiama Downs

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69 new dwellings have been approved in Kiama Downs over the past five years, an average of 13 a year. That is 3.2 approvals per 1,000 residents. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 21, running ahead of that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

An evaluation of statistical area ABS building permit records by AreaSearch shows that Kiama Downs has averaged roughly 13 approved residential dwellings each year, amounting to around 69 residences over the preceding 5 financial years. During FY-25 to date, 21 approvals have been issued. Because local resident counts contracted over the preceding period, newly built supply has maintained pace with market requirements to provide ample options for purchasers, while an average construction value of $688,000 indicates builders are focusing on high-end, premium residential projects. Building activity across Kiama Downs remains substantially subdued compared to Rest of NSW, lagging the regional per capita benchmark by 62.0%.

Such restricted pipeline volumes commonly bolster value and buyer interest in established homes, notwithstanding recent upticks in building work. This volume similarly trails nationwide norms, reflecting planning constraints and the mature profile of the locality. Recent planning approvals consist of 75.0% separate houses and 25.0% medium-to-high density formats like townhouses or apartments, preserving suburban character while offering options for space-focused households. This composition contrasts with existing stock (presently 93.0% standalone houses), highlighting land supply limitations as well as shifting lifestyle and price considerations. Furthermore, registering approximately 257 people per approval underscores the low-density landscape. Demographic projections indicate an expansion of 145 residents for Kiama Downs by 2041, starting from the most recent AreaSearch quarterly baseline. Under prevailing residential development volumes, incoming construction should comfortably satisfy demand, supporting prospective buyers and potentially enabling demographic growth above baseline forecasts.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the suburb of Kiama Downs recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the suburb of Kiama Downs area has seen 28 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The suburb of Kiama Downs's current population of 4,996 has been supported by 13 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs's development activity compare to the broader region?
The suburb of Kiama Downs has seen 0.32 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.56 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 256 people in the suburb of Kiama Downs, compared to one for every 183 in the broader region.
Is the suburb of Kiama Downs keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 145 people by 2041, around 73 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the suburb of Kiama Downs's approval levels have been slightly above the yearly average of 13, showing modest growth in recent years.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The population in the suburb of Kiama Downs is expected to grow by 145 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 73 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Over the past five years, the suburb of Kiama Downs has seen 69 residential approvals while population has remained stable or declined, indicating potential market oversupply.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 13 approvals per year and a population of 4,996, the market appears to be adequately supplied relative to projected housing demand in recent years, suggesting that developers should have a longer-term approach when considering new projects. With the population expected to increase by 145 people by 2041, around 73 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Kiama Downs

Development applications around Kiama Downs

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
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SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Kiama Downs

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AreaSearch tracks one current infrastructure or development project inside Kiama Downs. A further 49 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $8.88 billion. 11 are already under construction and 20 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, communities, precincts & urban renewal and transport & logistics. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Community growth and economic outcomes are heavily shaped by planning frameworks and capital works. AreaSearch has pinpointed 1 strategic project positioned to influence the district, with key surrounding developments comprising Bombo Precinct, Springside Hill, Illawarra-Shoalhaven Regional Transport Plan 2041, and New Shellharbour Hospital and Integrated Services.

Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Kiama Downs include: Bombo Precinct (Planning); Springside Hill (Under Assessment); Illawarra-Shoalhaven Regional Transport Plan 2041 (Planning); New Shellharbour Hospital and Integrated Services (Construction); and Shellharbour Mobile Tiny Homes Pilot Program (Planning). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Infrastructure development impacting the suburb of Kiama Downs spans multiple sectors including Transport & Logistics, Energy, and Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates substantial capital deployment exceeding $4.3 billion in projects that will impact the extended area.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
The suburb of Kiama Downs ranks in the top 20% nationally for infrastructure development, reflecting exceptional investment activity compared to similar areas across the country.
Bombo Quarry Precinct
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2035
Source / Links: Link 1   

The Bombo Quarry Precinct project involves transforming the state-significant quarry site into a sustainable new precinct featuring up to 2,000 residences including apartments, townhouses, and medium-to-low density housing with affordable options, along with commercial spaces, public open parklands, and pedestrian links.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Akuna Street Mixed-Use Development
Category: Communities
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2030
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A major mixed-use State Significant Development in central Kiama, comprising 82 shop-top housing units, retail premises including one supermarket (Aldi tipped), food and drink premises, and over 200 basement car parking spaces. The $66 million development by Level 33 Property Development occupies the largest redevelopment parcel in Kiama's town centre. After the Southern Regional Planning Panel rejected the original proposal as too bulky and tall, Level 33 withdrew its Land and Environment Court case and engaged the NSW Housing Delivery Authority (HDA).The project was declared a State Significant Development by the NSW Government in late December 2025, permitting up to 8 storeys and bypassing local council height controls of 6 storeys. A formal public exhibition period under the SSD pathway is expected in 2026. Heritage retention of the existing listed house and new public laneways through to Terralong Street remain part of the proposal. Kiama Council and the local community continue to advocate for a scale consistent with local planning controls.

Communities

New Shellharbour Hospital and Integrated Services
Category: Health & Medical
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   

A major health infrastructure project delivering a new multi-storey greenfield hospital at Dunmore. Key features include an expanded emergency department with a rooftop helipad, specialized elective surgery theatres, mental health inpatient units, and comprehensive outpatient services alongside regional network upgrades.

Health & Medical

Shoalhaven Street Precinct
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A 2-hectare Council-owned site in the heart of Kiama comprising the former Works Depot and the adjoining Big River site, spanning frontages to both Shoalhaven Street and Belvedere Street. The NSW Government has finalised the State Significant Rezoning of the site from industrial to residential, enabling delivery of up to 378 new homes with a minimum of 10 percent affordable housing, at a maximum building height of 22m (six storeys). The rezoning also de-lists the heritage-listed former gasworks and removes the site from the Smith Farm Heritage Conservation Area.Council will prepare a site-specific Development Control Plan ahead of future development applications, with public open space to be delivered as part of the development. The site is close to Kiama town centre and railway station.

Residential Development

South Kiama Urban Release Area
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2031
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A 40-hectare masterplanned urban release area for approximately 380 residential lots to be delivered over stages. Stage 1 includes 81 residential lots, a local park, and riparian corridor regeneration. The Development Control Plan was adopted February 2025, and the Stage 1 DA was approved by Council on 16 December 2025. The developer has secured an approximate $30 million Planning Agreement for infrastructure delivery.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Illawarra-Shoalhaven Strategic Regional Integrated Transport Plan
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Under Assessment | Est. Comp: 2041
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The 20-year strategic blueprint for the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region's transport network, released in draft form in December 2025. The Draft SRITP proposes more than 45 initiatives spanning roads, public transport, active transport, freight and land-use integration to support significant population and economic growth. Public consultation closed February 2026 and the final plan is being prepared. Key priorities include improved public transport connectivity, safer roads, better freight access, and stronger links between housing, employment and essential services across the Wollongong, Shellharbour, Kiama and Shoalhaven local government areas.

Transport & Logistics

Crowne Plaza Shell Cove Marina
Category: Tourism
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Luxury harbourfront hotel featuring 179 contemporary rooms, serviced apartments, function facilities including the Marina Ballroom, cafe, restaurant, bar, and a resort-style pool as part of the coastal masterplan.

Tourism

The Waterfront Shell Cove
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Waterfront Shell Cove is a 2.1 billion AUD master-planned coastal community developed by Frasers Property Australia in partnership with Shellharbour City Council. The project features a 270-berth marina, a vibrant town centre, and approximately 3,250 homes. Significant milestones in 2026 include the ongoing construction of the Vela Apartments (completion late 2026) and the official ground-breaking of the Shellharbour Boathouse in April 2026, which will provide dry-stack storage and marine maintenance services upon its scheduled opening in July 2027.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Kiama Downs

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2,703 residents of Kiama Downs are employed, from a labour force of 2,767. Unemployment sits at 2.3%, with participation at 67.1%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.6% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 3,755, about 75% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Kiama Downs maintains a highly qualified local workforce with prominent employment across vital community services, accompanied by an unemployment rate sitting at merely 2.3% and annual job growth reaching 2.6% per AreaSearch aggregations. As of March 2026, 2,703 residents participate in employment, with local unemployment tracking 1.8% below the 4.1% recorded for Regional NSW, alongside an elevated participation rate of 67.1% (compared to 60.6% across Regional NSW). Moreover, 32.1% of working residents noted working from home in Census returns, though pandemic-related movement restrictions during that period must be factored in.

The principal sectors providing employment to local residents comprise health care & social assistance, education & training, and construction. Representation within education & training is especially pronounced, exceeding regional concentrations by 1.5 times. Conversely, agriculture, forestry & fishing accounts for only 0.6% of local employment versus 5.3% across the wider region. Given the contrast between local resident employee totals and internal working numbers, the neighborhood operates largely as a commuter area with fewer employment options situated within its immediate borders. SALM and ABS datasets analyzed by AreaSearch across broader statistical boundaries indicate that during the 12 months leading to March 2026, employment grew by 2.6% while the labor force expanded by 2.7%, nudging local unemployment upward by 0.2 percentage points. In contrast, Regional NSW observed an employment drop of 0.9%, a 0.4% contraction in the labor pool, and a 0.5 percentage points rise in unemployment. National outlooks published by Jobs and Skills Australia in Mar-26 provide additional context regarding future workforce requirements. Projecting these five and ten-year national industry growth expectations (6.6% and 13.7% respectively) across local industry allocations suggests Kiama Downs could experience an employment increase of 6.6% over five years and 13.6% over ten years, noting this modeling reflects illustrative sector weighting rather than localized demographic modeling.

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
As of March 2026, the suburb of Kiama Downs has approximately 2,703 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 2.3%. This very low unemployment rate indicates a tight labour market with strong demand for workers. The area ranks in the top 25% nationally for employment performance, indicating a robust job market.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the suburb of Kiama Downs stands at 2.3%, which is 1.8 percentage points below Regional NSW's rate of 4.1%. This lower unemployment rate suggests stronger local employment conditions. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The employment landscape in the suburb of Kiama Downs is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are health care & social assistance (15.2% of employment), education & training (14.3%), and construction (12.7%). Other significant employers include public administration & safety and retail trade.
How has employment changed recently in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Over the past year to March 2026, the suburb of Kiama Downs has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has rise. By comparison, Regional NSW saw employment decreased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The workforce participation rate in the suburb of Kiama Downs is 67.1%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate leading the Regional NSW average of 60.6%, indicating stronger workforce attachment in the local area.
Which industries are over-represented in the suburb of Kiama Downs's employment market?
The suburb of kiama downs shows notable specialization in education & training, which employs 14.3% of the local workforce compared to 9.6% regionally. This moderate specialization indicates some local strength in the sector. The area also shows above-average employment in 2 other sectors, contributing to a distinctive economic profile.
What are the employment growth prospects for the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the suburb of Kiama Downs's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 6.6% over the next five years and 13.6% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the suburb of Kiama Downs compare nationally?
The suburb of kiama downs's employment market shows strong performance nationally, ranking in the top 25% of areas assessed by AreaSearch. This indicates robust employment conditions and economic vitality compared to other regions. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region experienced 1.6% growth, ranking 9.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Skilled workers will find good opportunities in the suburb of Kiama Downs, with skilled sectors accounting for 40.0% of employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (15.2%), education & training (14.3%), and professional & technical (6.3%). With projected employment growth of 6.6% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Kiama Downs

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Median household income in Kiama Downs is $2,103 a week (about $109,000 a year), with median personal income at $872 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $52,934 a year against an average of $77,163. The average runs 46% above the median, a wider spread than most areas and a sign of a concentrated group of high earners. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

According to the latest ATO tax statistics released for financial year 2023 at the postcode level, median taxable income across the suburb of Kiama Downs stands at $52,934, alongside a mean of $77,163. These figures track well above national averages and compare favorably to the Regional NSW median of $52,390 and mean of $65,215. Incorporating Wage Price Index expansion of 10.32% since financial year 2023 places adjusted figures near $58,397 (median) and $85,126 (average) as of March 2026. Across personal, family, and household tiers, local incomes sit around the 67th percentile nationally.

The predominant earnings cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 per week bracket, containing 32.4% of residents (1,618 people), aligning with the wider area benchmark of 29.9%. A substantial 30.7% earn above $3,000/week, confirming strong local purchasing power, while residents retain 87.3% of income following accommodation expenses, placing the community in the 7th decile on the SEIFA income index.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is approximately $58,397. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $52,934.
What is the average taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is approximately $85,126. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $77,163.
How does the median taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is approximately $58,397 compared to $57,797 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $52,934 and $52,390 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is approximately $85,126 compared to $71,945 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $77,163 and $65,215 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the suburb of Kiama Downs according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~32.4% / 1,618 persons) of the suburb of Kiama Downs's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the suburb of Kiama Downs compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the suburb of Kiama Downs is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 32.4% of the population. In comparison, Regional NSW's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 29.9% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the suburb of Kiama Downs according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is $2,103/wk.
What is the median family income in the suburb of Kiama Downs according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is $2,356/wk.
What is the median personal income in the suburb of Kiama Downs according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is $872/wk.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs's income rank nationally?
AreaSearch's latest postcode level ATO data for FY-23 reveals that income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is well above average nationally, with the median assessed at $52,934 while the average income stands at $77,163. This contrasts to Regional NSW's figures of a median income of $52,390 and an average income of $65,215. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $58,397 (median) and $85,126 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The estimated disposable income in the suburb of Kiama Downs is $7,960 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs's disposable income compare to the region?
The suburb of kiama downs's disposable income is $7,960 compared to $5,252 for Regional NSW, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Kiama Downs

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Kiama Downs had 1,745 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 93% detached houses and 1% apartments. 40% are owned with a mortgage, 13% rented and 47% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $490 a week and the median mortgage repayment $2,200 a month. Rent absorbs 23.3% of household income here and mortgage repayments 24.1%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

Census records show the local dwelling landscape consists of 92.8% standalone houses and 7.2% alternative residential formats (encompassing apartments, townhouses, and other types), diverging from the Regional NSW profile of 82.6% houses and 17.4% alternative dwellings. Outright ownership is elevated at 47.0%, while 39.5% hold a mortgage and 13.4% rent their home. Across the market, typical monthly mortgage costs sit at $2,200 (compared to $1,733 in Regional NSW and an Australian benchmark of $1,863), whereas weekly rent averages $490 (compared to $330 regionally and $375 across the country).

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
In the suburb of Kiama Downs, 47.0% of homes are owned outright, 39.5% are owned with a mortgage, and 13.4% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Kiama Downs are houses?
According to the latest data, 92.8% of dwellings in the suburb of Kiama Downs are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Kiama Downs are apartments or units?
In the suburb of Kiama Downs, 1.4% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 5.8% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Outright home ownership in the suburb of Kiama Downs stands at 47.0%, compared to 39.6% in Regional NSW.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Kiama Downs is $2,200, compared to $1,733 in Regional NSW.
What is the median weekly rent in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The median weekly rent in the suburb of Kiama Downs is $490, compared to $330 in Regional NSW.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
In the suburb of Kiama Downs, 1.3% of rentals are $0-149/week, 16.1% are $150-349/week, 69.6% are $350-649/week, 10.9% are $650-949/week, and 2.2% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the suburb of Kiama Downs is $1,153, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
In the suburb of Kiama Downs, households with mortgages typically spend 24.1% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 23.3% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the suburb of Kiama Downs is 0.8, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the suburb of Kiama Downs compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the suburb of Kiama Downs shows mortgage holders spending 24.1% of income on repayments (vs 27.9% regionally), while renters spend 23.3% of income on rent (vs 23.0% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The dwelling mix in the suburb of Kiama Downs consists of 92.8% detached houses, 5.8% semi-detached dwellings, 1.4% apartments, and 0.0% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Given the tenure profile of the area, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $1,153. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $2,200/month, and renters paying $2,122/month.
How affordable is housing in the suburb of Kiama Downs relative to local incomes?
Housing in Kiama Downs consumes approximately 12.7% of median household income ($9,106 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Recent development applications in Kiama Downs show attached dwellings contributing 40% of approvals compared to 7% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 60% of applications versus 93% of current dwellings. This suggests increasing densification. Housing density growth is around the national average.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Kiama Downs

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Kiama Downs counted 1,745 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.8 people each. 38% are couples with children, against 34% couples without children. 16% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.8 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Families constitute the vast majority of local households at 83.0%, consisting of 38.3% couples with children, 34.4% couples without offspring, and 9.4% lone parents. The remaining 17.0% represents non-family accommodation, divided between single-person dwellings at 16.0% and shared living arrangements at 1.5%. An average household size of 2.8 people exceeds the Regional NSW standard of 2.4.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
As of the 2021 Census, the suburb of Kiama Downs had 1,745 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has decreased by approximately 1.8% to an estimated 1,714 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the suburb of Kiama Downs is 2.8 people. This compares to 2.4 in Regional NSW and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 83.0% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (16.0%), group households (1.5%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 1,448 family households, 38.3% are couples with children, 34.4% are couples without children at home, and 9.4% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Regional NSW, the suburb of Kiama Downs shows distinct household patterns. Family households are notably over-represented at 83.0% (versus 68.8% regionally). Conversely, lone person households are under-represented at 16.0% compared to the regional 27.9%. This family-oriented profile influences local demand for family homes, schools, and children's services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the suburb of Kiama Downs have an average of 1.8 children, matching the Regional NSW average of 1.8. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Marriage patterns reveal 60.3% of the adult population are currently married, while 26.5% have never married. This compares to 45.6% married and 34.3% never married across Regional NSW.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 16.0% of all households in the suburb of Kiama Downs, notably lower than the regional average of 27.9%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 1.5% of households, well below the Regional NSW average of 3.3%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Kiama Downs

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30.1% of adults in Kiama Downs hold a university qualification, including 20.0% with a bachelor degree and 6.2% with postgraduate qualifications, higher than 99% of areas nationally. A further 27.4% hold a vocational qualification. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Tertiary attainment throughout Kiama Downs outpaces broader geographical standards, with 30.1% of individuals aged 15+ possessing university credentials, surpassing the 19.9% in the SA3 area and 21.3% in Rest of NSW. Within this cohort, bachelor degrees represent 20.0%, postgraduate awards account for 6.2%, and graduate diplomas make up 3.9%. Practical and vocational qualifications are also widely held, with 40.9% of the 15+ population having technical training across certificates (27.4%) and advanced diplomas (13.5%). Engagement with formal learning institutions is high, involving 29.1% of the resident population. Among these learners, 10.1% attend primary school, 8.6% are in secondary schooling, and 3.7% are enrolled in higher education programs.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the suburb of Kiama Downs have university qualifications?
30.1% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Kiama Downs have university qualifications, compared to 21.3% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the suburb of Kiama Downs have no formal qualifications?
29.0% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Kiama Downs have no formal qualifications, compared to 39.1% regionally.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs's education level compare to national averages?
The suburb of kiama downs ranks in the 99th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The most common qualifications in the suburb of Kiama Downs are: Certificate (27.4%), Bachelor Degree (20.0%), Advanced Diploma (13.5%).
What proportion of the suburb of Kiama Downs's population is currently attending educational institutions?
29.1% of the population in the suburb of Kiama Downs is currently engaged in formal education, with 10.1% in primary school, 8.6% in secondary school, 3.7% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the suburb of Kiama Downs is 0, indicating below-average socio-educational advantage compared to the national average of 1000.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Kiama Downs

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Kiama Downs

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Public transport in Kiama Downs reaches 70 stops on 13 routes, timetabled for about 210 services a week. The typical home sits about 110 m from its nearest stop. Households keep an average of 1.8 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Public transit networks in Kiama Downs feature 70 operating stops dedicated to bus connections. Across these points, 13 distinct routes operate to deliver 214 weekly services. Access is strong, as dwellings sit an average of 105 meters away from the nearest boarding point. Due to its residential profile, outbound travel is standard, with private motor vehicles accounting for 97% of travel. Motor vehicle ownership registers at 1.8 per household, exceeding regional standards, while 32.1% of workers worked from home at the 2021 Census (which may have been influenced by COVID-19 settings).

Across all transit corridors, service frequency averages 30 trips per day, translating to roughly 3 weekly trips per individual stop.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Kiama Downs?
There are 70 public transport stops within the suburb of Kiama Downs.
How frequent are the transport services in Kiama Downs?
the suburb of Kiama Downs has 214 weekly trips across 13 routes, averaging 30 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Kiama Downs?
On average, residential properties are 105 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Kiama Downs

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67.8% of residents in Kiama Downs report no long-term health condition, a healthier profile than 75% of areas nationally. 4.1% need daily assistance with core activities, and 57.4% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.1 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Health assessments by AreaSearch indicate favorable wellness measures across Kiama Downs, marked by subdued illness and mortality rates across all age brackets. Moreover, private medical insurance uptake is elevated, encompassing roughly 57% of the community (~2,868 people), compared to 51.9% throughout Regional NSW. Arthritis and mental health conditions are the most prevalent ailments, diagnosed in 9.0 and 8.1% of the community, while 67.8% report no long-term medical conditions whatsoever (outperforming the Regional NSW rate of 63.3%). Health profiles among working-age individuals align with standard expectations. The neighborhood features an older demographic structure, with residents aged 65 and over accounting for 25.8% (1,288 people) versus 23.3% across Regional NSW, while elderly wellness outcomes remain solid and correspond closely with nationwide benchmarks.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the suburb of Kiama Downs have private health insurance?
Around 57.4% of people in the suburb of Kiama Downs are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 51.9% in the broader region of Regional NSW.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
In the suburb of Kiama Downs, 4.1% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 6.8% of people in Regional NSW require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
7.7% of people in the suburb of Kiama Downs are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 8.4% of the population across Regional NSW is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Diabetes affects 3.3% of the the suburb of Kiama Downs population, while in the surrounding region, 4.7% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
3.6% of people in the suburb of Kiama Downs have heart disease. Across the region of Regional NSW, 4.4% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the suburb of Kiama Downs, 57.4% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Regional NSW sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 51.9%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Kiama Downs

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Kiama Downs is largely Australian-born, at 86.8% of residents, with 4.1% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are English (32.0%) and Australian (29.0%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Cultural diversity measures in Kiama Downs track below broader levels, as 86.8% of residents were born domestically, 92.9% hold Australian citizenship, and 95.9% speak solely English in the home. In terms of faith, Christianity is the leading religion, adhered to by 53.5% of locals relative to 55.9% across Regional NSW. Regarding parental lineage, the primary heritage backgrounds reported are English (32.0%), Australian (29.0%), and Scottish (9.9%). Several other heritages show elevated local representation relative to regional figures, including Macedonian at 0.5% (versus 0.4% regionally), Maltese at 0.6% (versus 0.4%), and Irish at 9.8% (versus 8.8%).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
Kiama Downs was found to be below average in terms of cultural diversity, with 86.8% of its population born in Australia, 92.9% being citizens, and 95.9% speaking English only at home.
What is the most common religion in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
The main religion in Kiama Downs was found to be Christianity, which makes up 53.5% of people in Kiama Downs. This compares to 55.9% across Regional NSW.
What are the top countries of origin in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Kiama Downs are English, comprising 32.0% of the population, Australian, comprising 29.0% of the population, and Scottish, comprising 9.9% of the population. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Macedonian is notably overrepresented at 0.5% of Kiama Downs (vs 0.4% regionally), Irish at 9.8% (vs 8.8%) and Maltese at 0.6% (vs 0.4%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
13.2% of the the suburb of Kiama Downs population was born overseas, compared to 13.0% regionally.
What percentage of the the suburb of Kiama Downs population speaks a language other than English at home?
4.1% of the population in the suburb of Kiama Downs speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 7.1% in the wider region.
How many people in the suburb of Kiama Downs identify as Australian Aboriginal?
1.9% of the the suburb of Kiama Downs population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 4.6% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
92.9% of the the suburb of Kiama Downs population holds citizenship, compared to 89.2% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Kiama Downs

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The median resident of Kiama Downs is 43. 20.7% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

The age distribution in the suburb of Kiama Downs generally tracks Regional NSW benchmarks, with no cohort differing by more than 5.7 percentage points. As of August 2026, the estimated median age remains at 43, matching both the 2021 Census result for the area and the Regional NSW figure at that time, while sitting above Australia's Census median of 38. Seniors and retirees aged 65+ now represent an estimated 25.8% of the community, up from 21.2% at the Census. Looking forward to 2041, residents aged 25 - 44 will drive future expansion, adding 117 residents (13%) to reach 1,006.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
AreaSearch estimates the median age in the suburb of Kiama Downs at 43 years as at August 2026. That is in line with the 2021 Census figure of 43 years, on an age profile AreaSearch re-estimates for population change recorded since the Census.
How does the suburb of Kiama Downs's median age compare to broader areas?
At an estimated 43 years as at August 2026, Kiama Downs is equal to the Regional NSW 2021 Census average and 5 years older than the national Census average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most over-represented age group in the suburb of Kiama Downs compared to the Regional NSW region is the 65 - 74 group, making up 14.9% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most under-represented age group in the suburb of Kiama Downs compared to the Regional NSW region is the 25 - 34 group, making up 6.3% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the suburb of Kiama Downs show significant variance compared to the Regional NSW region. The most under-represented age group is 25-34 year-olds (6.3% vs 11.5%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
AreaSearch estimates children aged 0-14 years at 17.4% of the population in the suburb of Kiama Downs as at August 2026.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the suburb of Kiama Downs?
AreaSearch estimates people aged 65 and over at 25.8% of the population in the suburb of Kiama Downs as at August 2026.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Kiama Downs

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · Jun 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Aug 2026 last month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily Aug 2026 last month all 1 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Aug 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 6 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Jul 2026 2 months ago all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 5 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (5,087 at the 2021 Census → 4,996 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL12125). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

How do Kiama Downs suburb boundaries differ from Statistical Areas?
This page uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries (suburb-style geography). SAL represents commonly-known suburb names used in addresses, while Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census/statistical reporting. Even when sharing the same name, SAL and SA2 boundaries often cover different geographic areas with different populations.
Where does the data on this Kiama Downs page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Kiama Downs data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Aug 2026), property sales & rents (Aug 2026), infrastructure projects (Aug 2026) and services & amenities (Jul 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to Aug 2026), age profile (to Aug 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Aug 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

Nearby Areas