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This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.
SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.
Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
2021 Census | -- people
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Penola has an estimated 1,674 residents, up from 1,622 at the 2021 Census — a change of 52 people, or 3.2%. Growth has averaged 0.5% a year over five years. Fewer than ten people live on each square kilometre, across a boundary that takes in surrounding rural land. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
Based on analysis of ABS population updates for the broader area, and new addresses validated by AreaSearch since the Census the suburb of Penola's population is estimated at around 1,674 as of May 2026. This reflects an increase of 52 people (3.2%) since the 2021 Census, which reported a population of 1,622 people. The change is inferred from the resident population of 1,671, estimated by AreaSearch following examination of the latest ERP data release by the ABS (June 2025) and an additional 18 validated new addresses since the Census date.
This level of population equates to a density ratio of 6.6 persons per square kilometer, a level providing ample space per person. the suburb of Penola's 3.2% growth since census positions it within 1.7 percentage points of the SA3 area (4.9%), demonstrating competitive growth fundamentals. Population growth for the area was primarily driven by natural growth that contributed approximately 56.99999999999999% of overall population gains during recent periods. AreaSearch is adopting ABS/Geoscience Australia projections for each SA2 area, as released in 2024 with 2022 as the base year. For any SA2 areas not covered by this data, and for years post-2032, the SA State Government's Regional/LGA projections by age category, released in 2023 and based on 2021 data, are adopted with adjustments made employing a method of weighted aggregation of population growth from LGA to SA2 levels. Considering the projected demographic shifts, lower quartile growth of Australia's non-metropolitan areas is anticipated, with the suburb of Penola expected to expand by 61 persons to 2041 based on aggregated SA2-level projections, reflecting with an increase of 3.5% in total over the 16 years.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
23 new dwellings have been approved in Penola over the past five years, an average of 4 a year. That is 2.8 approvals per 1,000 residents. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 5, broadly in line with that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
According to research by AreaSearch on ABS residential building permits distributed from regional datasets, the suburb of Penola registers roughly 4 approved housing developments annually, with an estimated total of 23 residences receiving approval throughout the previous 5 financial periods (from FY-21 to FY-25) and 5 so far in FY-26. Considering an average of 1.8 additional occupants annually for each built home over the prior 5 financial periods (from FY-21 to FY-25), the volume of supply matches demand effectively, ensuring stable market conditions, while new building projects have an average construction cost of $346,000—slightly higher than regional benchmarks—which points to a prioritization of premium building.
Additionally, commercial development has been quiet, with $1.5 million in non-residential project approvals documented in the current financial year. Relative to Rest of SA, the suburb of Penola exhibits approximately two-thirds the frequency of residential development approvals per resident while positioning within the 40th percentile of analyzed localities across the nation, indicating scarcer options for prospective purchasers and reinforcing demand for existing housing stock. This volume of building is also below national norms, illustrating the mature character of the locality and implying possible regulatory constraints on planning. Furthermore, recent building works consist entirely of detached houses, preserving the classic low-density layout of the neighborhood with a focus on family residences that attract those looking for generous allotments. The ratio of 417 residents in the locality for each housing approval highlights the quiet, low-activity construction landscape. Long-term forecasts indicate the suburb of Penola will gain 58 residents by 2041 (calculated from the most recent quarterly estimate by AreaSearch). Under prevailing building trends, the supply of homes should comfortably satisfy upcoming demand, generating advantageous options for purchasers and potentially supporting growth that outpaces current predictions.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Penola
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| Lodged | Address | Description | Type | Distance | Status |
|---|
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 52 current infrastructure and development projects close to Penola, worth an estimated $5.18 billion. 9 are already under construction and 25 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans transport & logistics, residential development and communities, precincts & urban renewal. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Changes to local infrastructure, major developments, and urban planning policies are crucial drivers of regional performance. AreaSearch has identified no projects that are expected to influence the locality. Notable regional projects include the Lower Limestone Coast Water Allocation Plan, Limestone Coast Energy Park, Melbourne To Adelaide Freight Rail Improvements, and Victorian Renewable Energy Zones, with the following list detail showing those most likely to be relevant.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
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Denotes AI-based impression for illustrative purposes only, not to be taken as definitive under any circumstances. Please follow links and conduct other investigations from the project's source for actual imagery. Developers and project owners wishing us to use original imagery please Contact Us and we will do so.
Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Naracoorte Early Learning and Childcare Centre
Originally proposed as a workers' accommodation facility, the 1.68ha former Naracoorte TAFE site was repurposed for a $2 million early learning and childcare centre for 60 children. Announced in May 2024 by developer Jrod Pty Ltd with a $500,000 state government grant, construction was to begin in late 2024. As of early 2026, the project has stalled completely after a private Adelaide-based childcare provider withdrew their partnership, leaving the development in limbo with no construction started.
Naracoorte Caves Visitor Precinct Upgrade
Upgrade of visitor infrastructure at the World Heritage listed Naracoorte Caves National Park, including the Roof Top Loop Walk, viewing platforms, lighting, seating, safety fencing, wayfinding and interpretation to improve accessible nature-based tourism experiences around the caves precinct.
Naracoorte Regional Livestock Exchange Sheep eID Infrastructure Upgrade
Upgrade of sheep electronic identification infrastructure at the Naracoorte Regional Livestock Exchange to meet mandatory sheep and goat eID requirements, improve livestock traceability, and support ongoing saleyard operations. Works included eID hardware and software, structural modifications, staff and agent training, and associated sheep yard upgrades, with PIRSA contributing up to 75 percent of eligible essential equipment and modification costs.
Moyhall Road Reconstruction
Reconstruction of pavement and shoulders with new drainage and a full-width spray-sealed surface to address pavement failure, reduce maintenance costs, and improve road safety. Jointly funded with Naracoorte Lucindale Council under the Roads to Recovery Program.
North Parklands Development
A withdrawn unsolicited proposal for a $250 million mixed-use masterplanned community on a 197-hectare State Government-owned site north of Naracoorte. Developer Robert Moore of ELM Property envisioned 500 residential allotments around the Naracoorte Golf Course, a convention centre, motel-style serviced suites, aged care facilities, and a retirement village. Following overwhelming community opposition - 64.4% of nearly 400 survey respondents opposed any development - Naracoorte Lucindale Council voted against the proposal in August 2022 and the developer withdrew.As of 2026, the site remains a dedicated nature park and community space. No active development applications exist; Naracoorte Lucindale Council CEO Trevor Smart confirmed in November 2024 that a nearby subdivision approval was entirely separate and did not affect the North Parklands.
Rail Trail Extension to O'Leary Road
4.2km extension of existing rail trail connecting to O'Leary Road, featuring sealed pathway, rest areas, interpretive signage, and native vegetation restoration. Part of broader cycling and walking network development.
Naracoorte High School Major Upgrades
Major facility upgrade including refurbishment of art and design building with 3 general learning areas, 2 outdoor learning areas, amenities, and ancillary spaces; construction of new sports change rooms, amenities, agriculture learning space, and change block; refurbishment of home economics facility; and demolition of ageing infrastructure.
TAFE SA Mount Gambier Campus Upgrades
Upgrade of the TAFE SA Mount Gambier campus including modern trade workshops, improved learning spaces, student amenities, accessibility upgrades and campus improvements. The works form part of the Mount Gambier Education, Research and Training Precinct and are being delivered alongside the new Limestone Coast Technical College scheduled to open in 2026.
971 residents of Penola are employed, from a labour force of 984. Unemployment sits at 1.3%, with participation at 69.8%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 4.2% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 1,331, about 79% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
An analysis of statistical area datasets compiled by AreaSearch indicates that the suburb of Penola has a balanced workforce of white and blue collar workers, with strong representation in industrial and manufacturing jobs, a jobless rate of only 1.3%, and job growth estimated at 4.1% over the prior year. In March 2026971 residents were employed, and the jobless rate was 4.1% below the 5.5% level of Regional SA, while workforce participation was exceptionally high at 69.8% compared to 58.4% in Regional SA. Census figures show that a minor 8.7% of employed residents worked from home, though the influence of Covid-19 lockdowns should be kept in mind.
The primary employment sectors for local workers are agriculture, forestry & fishing, manufacturing, and health care & social assistance. The suburb of Penola features an especially high concentration in manufacturing, where employment rates are 2.3 times the regional average. Conversely, health care & social assistance has a minor footprint, employing 9.4% of workers compared to 13.9% across the region. The comparison of the Census working population against the resident population suggests that local employment opportunities are limited. According to AreaSearch's evaluation of SALM and ABS statistics drawn from wider regional data, the recent 12-month period saw employment rise by 4.1% while the labour force expanded by 4.2%, keeping the jobless rate stable. Conversely, Regional SA recorded employment growth of 1.2% and labour force expansion of 2.6%, resulting in a 1.4 percentage point increase. Future demand trends in the suburb of Penola can be analyzed using the national employment projections from Jobs and Skills Australia dated May-25. These five and ten-year forecasts have been applied to the local workforce structure to model potential growth trends. Even though national employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, the actual expansion varies widely across different industries. Aligning these sector-specific forecasts with the local workforce composition suggests employment in the suburb of Penola should grow by 4.2% over five years and 10.3% over ten years (note that this is a basic weighted extrapolation for demonstration purposes and does not account for local population projections).
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Penola is $1,369 a week (about $71,000 a year), with median personal income at $804 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $52,580 a year against an average of $66,548. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
Based on AreaSearch's compilation of the most recent postcode level ATO statistics published for the 2023 financial year, the suburb of Penola registered a median taxpayer income of $52,580 and an average income of $66,548. These figures are slightly under the national averages and compare to median and average levels of $48,920 and $58,933 across Regional SA. Accounting for a Wage Price Index expansion of 10.17% since the 2023 financial year, current estimates point to approximately $57,927 (median) and $73,316 (average) as of March 2026. According to the 2021 Census, individual income sits in the 50th percentile ($804 weekly), whereas household income is in the 25th percentile.
Regarding income brackets, the largest group comprises 29.4% of residents (492 people) earning in the $1,500 - 2,999 range, which aligns with wider regional patterns where 27.5% fall into the same bracket. Accommodation costs are affordable with residents keeping 90.5% of their earnings, though disposable income is below average at the 34th percentile.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Penola had 642 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 90% detached houses and 1% apartments. 35% are owned with a mortgage, 23% rented and 42% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $198 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,050 a month. Rent absorbs 14.5% of household income here and mortgage repayments 17.7%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
According to the latest Census, residential structures in the suburb of Penola consisted of 90.4% separate houses and 9.7% other housing types (including semi-detached properties, apartments, and alternative structures), compared to 88.5% separate houses and 11.5% other housing types in Regional SA. The proportion of residents who owned their homes outright or occupied them under mortgage arrangements matched Regional SA overall, with home ownership at 42.2%, mortgaged properties at 35.0%, and rental properties at 22.7%. The median monthly mortgage payment in the locality was lower than the Regional SA average at $1,050, and the median weekly rent was recorded at $198, which compares to regional figures of $1,153 and $220.
On a national scale, mortgage commitments in the suburb of Penola are much lower than the Australian median of $1,863, and rental costs are considerably under the national median of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Penola counted 642 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.2 people each. 25% are couples with children, against 32% couples without children. 33% of households are people living alone, and families average 2.0 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Families make up the majority of households in the suburb of Penola at 65.0%, consisting of 25.0% couples with children, 32.3% couples without children, and 7.6% single parents. The remaining 35.0% are non-family households, which are dominated by single-person households at 33.0% and group arrangements at 2.2%. The median household size of 2.2 residents is slightly smaller than the Regional SA average of 2.3.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
17.5% of adults in Penola hold a university qualification, including 13.1% with a bachelor degree and 1.7% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 25.7% hold a vocational qualification. 3 schools serve the area, with 331 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 980 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
The suburb of Penola faces educational hurdles, as the proportion of residents with tertiary qualifications (17.5%) is much lower than the Australian average of 30.4%. This situation presents both a hurdle and an opening for focused learning programs. Bachelor degrees represent the largest share of higher education at 13.1%, followed by graduate diplomas (2.7%) and postgraduate qualifications (1.7%). Vocational and practical skills are prominent, with 35.1% of residents aged 15+ holding trade credentials, consisting of advanced diplomas (9.4%) and certificates (25.7%). Enrollment rates in education are remarkably high, with 26.9% of residents currently participating in formal study.
This student population includes 13.7% in primary school, 5.8% in high school, and 2.5% in higher education.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Getting around Penola means driving: households keep an average of 1.5 vehicles, and no scheduled public transport appears in the current timetable feeds. Service data is built from operators' published GTFS timetables; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
66.5% of residents in Penola report no long-term health condition. 5.5% need daily assistance with core activities, and 53.3% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 5.5 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
Health statistics demonstrate positive outcomes for residents of the suburb of Penola. An analysis of mortality data and medical conditions by AreaSearch indicates that results are generally in line with national averages, showing typical rates of common medical conditions across all age brackets. Additionally, the rate of residents with private health insurance is slightly ahead of the average SA2 region at approximately 53% of the population (~892 people), compared to 48.9% in Regional SA. Arthritis and asthma are the most common medical diagnoses in the suburb of Penola, affecting 9.9 and 7.7% of residents, respectively.
Meanwhile, 66.5% of the population reported no chronic medical conditions, compared to 62.5% in Regional SA. Residents of working age have a higher than average rate of chronic illnesses. The suburb of Penola has 27.2% of its population aged 65 and over (455 people). Health statistics for these older residents are especially favorable, ranking higher than the benchmarks for the general population.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
Penola is largely Australian-born, at 90.9% of residents, with 3.8% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (35.1%) and English (30.5%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
The suburb of Penola exhibits low levels of cultural diversity, with citizens making up 90.5% of the population, 90.9% of residents born in Australia, and 96.2% of households speaking only English. The dominant religious affiliation is Christianity, representing 46.0% of the population. The most visible overrepresentation is in the Other category, which accounts for 0.8% of residents, identical to the 0.8% share across Regional SA. Based on parental country of birth, the three most common ancestries in the suburb of Penola are Australian at 35.1% of the population, English at 30.5%, and Scottish at 10.7%.
There are also distinct variations in other backgrounds, with German ancestry overrepresented at 5.5% of the suburb of Penola (compared to 8.2% across the region), Dutch at 1.5% (compared to 1.3%), and French at 0.5% (compared to 0.3%).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Penola is 48, older than 85% of areas nationally. That is 1 year older than at the 2021 Census. 19.0% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The median age of 48 years in the suburb of Penola is comparable to the Regional SA average of 47 and sits well above the national median of 38. The 55 - 64 age cohort is notably overrepresented at 15.9% of the local population, while the 35 - 44 cohort is underrepresented at 9.7% compared to regional levels. Since 2021, the 75 to 84 cohort has increased from 7.4% to 9.2% of the population, and the 15 to 24 cohort rose from 8.7% to 9.8%. Conversely, the 5 to 14 cohort declined from 13.1% to 10.7%, and the 25 to 34 cohort fell from 10.6% to 9.2%.
Long-term population forecasts for 2041 predict significant demographic shifts. The cohort aged 85+ is expected to grow by 104%, adding 54 residents to reach a total of 106. Older residents aged 65+ are projected to account for 96% of total population growth, highlighting the aging trend. In contrast, the 25 to 34 and 55 to 64 cohorts are projected to decrease in size.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Penola
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, Local governments Daily | May 2026 3 months ago all 2 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 18 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (1,622 at the 2021 Census → 1,674 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL41137). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.