Penola

SA2

Rest of SA / Limestone Coast

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Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Sep 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats 407021156 How we calculate this
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Statistical Area (SA2) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.

SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).

Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Penola

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Penola

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Penola has an estimated 3,196 residents, up from 3,107 at the 2021 Census — a change of 89 people, or 2.9%. Fewer than ten people live on each square kilometre, across a boundary that takes in surrounding rural land. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

According to research conducted by AreaSearch, the resident count in Penola stands at approximately 3,196 as of Aug 2026. Compared to the 3,107 individuals recorded in the 2021 Census, this indicates an expansion of 89 people (2.9%). This demographic adjustment is calculated using the June 2025 ABS estimated resident population figure of 3,192 combined with 25 validated new addresses documented post-Census. With this population level, the community registers a density of 2.1 persons per square kilometer, ensuring spacious residential conditions. Tracking within 2.2 percentage points of the broader SA3 area (5.1%), Penola's 2.9% post-Census increase underscores resilient demographic drivers.

Natural increase served as the primary contributor to local expansion, generating roughly 50.0% of the overall population additions in recent times. Projections compiled by the ABS and Geoscience Australia, published in 2024 using 2022 baseline figures, are utilised by AreaSearch for SA2 territories. Where SA2 coverage is absent, or for periods extending beyond post-2032, figures from the SA State Government's 2023 Regional/LGA age-cohort releases (grounded in 2021 data) are integrated via a weighted aggregation framework converting LGA figures to SA2 boundaries. Anticipated demographic patterns point toward growth aligned with the lower quartile of non-metropolitan districts, with the latest annual ERP baseline suggesting Penola will add 74 persons by 2041, representing a cumulative rise of 2.2% across the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the Penola SA2?
Total population for the Penola SA2 was estimated to be approximately 3,196 as at Aug 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 3,192 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the Penola SA2 changed since 2021?
The penola sa2 has added approximately 89 people and shown a 2.86% increase from the 3,107 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the Penola SA2?
The population density in the Penola SA2 is estimated at 2 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the Penola SA2?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the Penola SA2 has shown a compound annual growth rate of -0.1% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the Penola SA2?
Population growth in the Penola SA2 is driven by: Natural increase (50.0%), Overseas migration (50.0%), Interstate migration (0.0%). The primary driver is Natural increase, contributing 50.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Penola

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30 new dwellings have been approved in Penola over the past five years, an average of 6 a year. That is 1.9 approvals per 1,000 residents. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Residential building authorisations in Penola have proceeded at a pace of roughly 6 new dwellings per annum, amounting to 30 homes throughout the preceding 5 financial years. With an influx averaging 1.4 new residents annually per built dwelling between FY-22 and FY-26 across the past 5 financial years, market equilibrium is well sustained and supports steady property dynamics, while approved dwellings carry an average construction value of $394,000. Meanwhile, commercial planning authorisations stand at $5.4 million within this financial year, reflecting modest activity in the commercial development segment. Relative to Rest of SA, Penola demonstrates substantially subdued construction volumes (59.0% below regional average per person).

This lower rate of new residential builds frequently sustains pricing levels and buyer interest across existing properties. Activity also trails nationwide figures, highlighting established local dynamics alongside potential limitations on development. Furthermore, new building activity has consisted entirely of standalone homes, preserving the locality's low-density profile and prioritising family residences that cater to buyers seeking space. An estimated ratio of 532 people per dwelling approval across the region further illustrates this subdued building climate. According to the most recent AreaSearch quarterly projections, Penola is anticipated to expand by 70 residents by 2041. Under current construction trajectories, incoming residential developments should easily satisfy local housing demand, fostering advantageous conditions for purchasers and potentially facilitating expansion beyond current demographic projections.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the Penola SA2 recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the Penola SA2 area has seen 12 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The Penola SA2's current population of 3,196 has been supported by 6 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the Penola SA2's development activity compare to the broader region?
The Penola SA2 has seen 0.19 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.59 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 532 people in the Penola SA2, compared to one for every 154 in the broader region.
Is the Penola SA2 keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 70 people by 2041, around 35 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the Penola SA2?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the Penola SA2's approval levels have been consistent with the yearly average of 6, showing stable development patterns.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the Penola SA2?
The population in the Penola SA2 is expected to grow by 70 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 35 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the Penola SA2?
Over the past five years, the Penola SA2 has seen 30 residential approvals while population has remained stable or declined, indicating potential market oversupply.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the Penola SA2?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 6 approvals per year and a population of 3,196, the market appears to be adequately supplied relative to projected housing demand in recent years, suggesting that developers should have a longer-term approach when considering new projects. With the population expected to increase by 70 people by 2041, around 35 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Penola

Development applications around Penola

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
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Lodged Address Description Type Distance Status

SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Penola

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AreaSearch tracks 69 current infrastructure and development projects close to Penola, worth an estimated $15.7 billion. 12 are already under construction and 24 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans transport & logistics, energy and communities, precincts & urban renewal. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Strategic planning policies, major civil works, and infrastructure upgrades exert a decisive impact on local performance. In total 1 a single project has been identified by AreaSearch that is likely to have an impact on the area. Notable developments include the Lower Limestone Coast Water Allocation Plan, Limestone Coast Energy Park, Wattle Range Council General Code Amendment, and Melbourne To Adelaide Freight Rail Improvements, with the primary initiatives outlined below.

Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Penola SA2?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Penola SA2 include: Lower Limestone Coast Water Allocation Plan (Planning); Limestone Coast Energy Park (Construction); Wattle Range Council General Code Amendment (Planning); Melbourne To Adelaide Freight Rail Improvements (Proposed); and Victorian Renewable Energy Zones (Planning). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the Penola SA2?
Infrastructure development impacting the Penola SA2 spans multiple sectors including Transport & Logistics, Energy, and Environmental & Disaster Management, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the Penola SA2?
While specific investment values are not publicly disclosed for all projects impacting the Penola SA2, the area shows active development across multiple infrastructure categories within the broader region.
How does the Penola SA2's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
Infrastructure development activity impacting the Penola SA2 currently ranks below national averages at the 11thth percentile.
Lower Limestone Coast Water Allocation Plan
Category: Environmental & Disaster Management
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   

A water allocation plan setting rules for groundwater management in the Lower Limestone Coast, ensuring long-term sustainability and security of the water resource for environmental, social, cultural, and economic needs.

Environmental & Disaster Management

Mount Gambier Regional Airport Master Plan 2025-2035
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2035
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Endorsed District Council of Grant master plan guiding Mount Gambier Regional Airport improvements from 2025 to 2035. Short-term actions include a small playground, renewable energy systems, carpark extension and an investment prospectus. Longer-term actions include runway extensions and resurfacing, an onsite commercial precinct and public toilet refurbishment, with advocacy for a flying school, airport history display and tourism growth across the Limestone Coast.

Transport & Logistics

Limestone Coast Energy Park
Category: Energy
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   

The Limestone Coast Energy Park includes two co-located batteries totaling 500 MW / 1,500 MWh in South Australia's Limestone Coast area.

Energy

The Meadows Estate
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   

A multi-stage residential estate development in Worrolong, currently progressing through Stage 8. The development offers various allotment sizes ranging from 420m2 to 878m2, with comprehensive services including natural gas, sewerage, SA Water, power and NBN FTTP. Located a short drive from Mount Gambier schools, Marketplace Shopping Centre and Attamurra Golf Course. The estate features level allotments with fencing on three boundary sides and retaining walls included.

Residential Development

Mount Gambier Marketplace Large Format Retail Expansion
Category: Retail
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Axiom Properties is developing a 17,000 square metre Large Format Retail precinct on a 6.12-hectare site adjacent to the existing Mount Gambier Marketplace. The project involves two separate lots intended to consolidate the area as the region's primary retail hub. As of mid-2026, the developer is progressing through the planning phase and securing pre-commitments from national tenants, with construction expected to follow the satisfaction of leasing thresholds.

Retail

Rail Trail Extension to O'Leary Road
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

4.2km extension of existing rail trail connecting to O'Leary Road, featuring sealed pathway, rest areas, interpretive signage, and native vegetation restoration. Part of broader cycling and walking network development.

Transport & Logistics

Limestone Coast Hydrogen Hub (LCH2)
Category: Energy
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2029
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Limestone Coast Hydrogen Hub (LCH2) is a first-of-its-kind industrial decarbonisation project co-located at Kimberly-Clark Australia's Millicent Mill in South Australia's South-East. The hub will produce green hydrogen via electrolysis powered by renewable wind energy from the South Australian Renewable Energy Zone, with KCA secured as the Tier 1 anchor offtake customer from day one. The project is planned in two stages: Stage 1 will blend 20 percent green hydrogen by volume into the existing natural gas supply feeding the mill's co-generation turbine, with first hydrogen production targeted for Q3 2027; Stage 2 will see the mill transition to 100 percent green hydrogen for all process heat by 2029.A 60MW electrolyser is planned, with feasibility study completed in August 2024 by WGA and Linde Engineering. energy south Pty Limited acquired the operating rights from entX in April 2025; project partners include DGA (a Mitsubishi Corporation subsidiary), with binding offtake agreement and FEED commencement expected to follow. Long-term plans include expansion into hydrogen export and derivative products such as green methanol and ammonia.

Energy

Lot 1 Riddoch Highway Development Potential (Worrolong)
Category: Business Parks & Technology Hubs
Stage: Under Assessment | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   

4.99 acres of land in Worrolong with 'Employment' zoning, offering prime development potential for large scale business or future subdivision (STCA). Located on a main arterial road directly opposite Sturm Road, which is under commercial development.

Business Parks & Technology Hubs

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Penola

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1,768 residents of Penola are employed, from a labour force of 1,819. Unemployment sits at 2.8%, with participation at 67.1%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 4.0% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Penola maintains a varied employment landscape featuring both blue and white collar positions, supported by substantial manufacturing and industrial operations, an unemployment rate of merely 2.8%, and a 3.5% estimated rise in workforce numbers over the past year. As of March 2026, employed locals total 1,768, while the jobless rate sits 2.7% under the 5.5% documented for Regional SA, and local labor force engagement is elevated at 67.1% against 58.3% for Regional SA. Census findings indicate that only 12.8% of the local workforce carried out their duties from home, though potential distortions from Covid-19 restrictions must be acknowledged.

Workforce participation among local residents is largely focused within agriculture, forestry & fishing, manufacturing, and health care & social assistance. Specialisation in agriculture, forestry & fishing is especially marked, registering a concentration 2.2 times the regional benchmark. Conversely, health care & social assistance occupies a smaller footprint, accounting for 8.1% of local workers relative to 13.9% regionally. Although work options exist locally, a comparison of local residents to Census workplace figures suggests a significant portion travels outside the area for employment. An examination of ABS and SALM figures by AreaSearch reveals that in the year to March 2026, employment grew by 3.5% alongside a 3.8% rise in the labour pool, producing a 0.3 percentage points increase in the unemployment rate. Over the identical timeframe, Regional SA experienced a 1.2% rise in employment, a 2.6% expansion in the labour force, and a 1.4 percentage points climb in unemployment. Medium to long term outlooks are supplemented by national forecasts published by Jobs and Skills Australia in Mar-26. Projected across local sector distributions, these five and ten-year national growth estimates—forecast at 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years nationally—indicate varying trajectories across industries. When weighted against Penola's specific industry distribution, local employment is projected to expand by 4.0% over five years and 10.0% over ten years (note that this model uses direct weighting for scenario purposes and excludes localized population modeling).

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the Penola SA2?
As of March 2026, the Penola SA2 has approximately 1,768 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 2.8%. This very low unemployment rate indicates a tight labour market with strong demand for workers. Employment performance is above the national median, showing positive labour market dynamics.
How does the Penola SA2's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the Penola SA2 stands at 2.8%, which is 2.7 percentage points below Regional SA's rate of 5.5%. This lower unemployment rate suggests stronger local employment conditions. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the Penola SA2?
The employment landscape in the Penola SA2 is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are agriculture, forestry & fishing (32.1% of employment), manufacturing (18.2%), and health care & social assistance (8.1%). These three sectors alone account for 58.4% of local employment, indicating significant concentration. Other significant employers include retail trade and education & training.
How has employment changed recently in the Penola SA2?
Over the past year to March 2026, the Penola SA2 has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has rise. By comparison, Regional SA saw employment increased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the Penola SA2?
The workforce participation rate in the Penola SA2 is 67.1%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate leading the Regional SA average of 58.3%, indicating stronger workforce attachment in the local area.
Which industries are over-represented in the Penola SA2's employment market?
The penola sa2 shows notable specialization in agriculture, forestry & fishing, which employs 32.1% of the local workforce compared to 14.5% regionally. With a local vs regional employment ratio of 2.2, this represents a significant industry cluster that likely serves markets beyond the local area. The area also shows above-average employment in 1 other sectors, contributing to a distinctive economic profile.
What are the employment growth prospects for the Penola SA2?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the Penola SA2's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 4.0% over the next five years and 10.0% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years.
How does the job market in the Penola SA2 compare nationally?
The penola sa2's employment market shows above-average performance nationally, placing in the top half of areas assessed. Employment indicators suggest healthy labour market conditions relative to other regions. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region experienced 0.1% growth, ranking 13.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the Penola SA2?
Skilled workers will find selective opportunities in the Penola SA2, with knowledge-based sectors representing 16.4% of local jobs. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (8.1%), education & training (6.3%), and professional & technical (1.5%).

EarningsHousehold Income in Penola

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Median household income in Penola is $1,314 a week (about $68,000 a year), with median personal income at $737 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $49,259 a year against an average of $57,877. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

Taxpayer income across the Penola SA2 sits below the nationwide benchmark as reported in ATO records compiled by AreaSearch for financial year 2023. Median taxable earnings within the Penola SA2 reach $49,259 while the mean is $57,877, compared to $48,920 and $58,933 across Regional SA. Incorporating a 10.17% rise in the Wage Price Index since financial year 2023, adjusted estimates reach roughly $54,269 for median and $63,763 for mean earnings as of March 2026. Census evaluations place Penola's personal, family, and household earnings within the modest 21st to 35th percentiles.

Distribution metrics show 30.1% of the cohort (961 individuals) earning within the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket, echoing the 27.5% observed in the wider region. Accommodation expenses remain manageable, with residents retaining 91.6% of income, though net disposable capacity is constrained at the 31st percentile.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the Penola SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Penola SA2 is approximately $54,269. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $49,259.
What is the average taxable income in the Penola SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Penola SA2 is approximately $63,763. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $57,877.
How does the median taxable income in the Penola SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Penola SA2 is approximately $54,269 compared to $53,895 in Regional SA. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $49,259 and $48,920 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the Penola SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Penola SA2 is approximately $63,763 compared to $64,926 in Regional SA. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $57,877 and $58,933 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the Penola SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~30.1% / 961 persons) of the Penola SA2's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the Penola SA2 compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the Penola SA2 is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 30.1% of the population. In comparison, Regional SA's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 27.5% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the Penola SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the Penola SA2 is $1,314/wk.
What is the median family income in the Penola SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the Penola SA2 is $1,667/wk.
What is the median personal income in the Penola SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the Penola SA2 is $737/wk.
How does the Penola SA2's income rank nationally?
The Penola SA2 shows a median taxpayer income of $49,259 and an average of $57,877 according to the latest postcode level ATO data aggregated by AreaSearch for FY-23. This is below the national average, contrasting with Regional SA's median income of $48,920 and average income of $58,933. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 10.17% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $54,269 (median) and $63,763 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the Penola SA2?
The estimated disposable income in the Penola SA2 is $5,218 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the Penola SA2's disposable income compare to the region?
The penola sa2's disposable income is $5,218 compared to $4,535 for Regional SA, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Penola

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Penola had 1,224 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 95% detached houses and 1% apartments. 34% are owned with a mortgage, 23% rented and 44% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $181 a week and the median mortgage repayment $896 a month. Rent absorbs 13.8% of household income here and mortgage repayments 15.7%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

According to the most recent Census, the dwelling landscape in Penola consisted of 94.8% standalone houses and 5.2% alternative residential formats (including apartments, semi-detached properties, and 'other' dwellings), contrasting with 88.5% houses and 11.5% other dwellings in Regional SA. Outright property ownership in Penola surpassed Regional SA at 44.0%, while 33.5% of residences were under a mortgage and 22.5% were occupied by renters. Median monthly loan repayments of $896 and median weekly rents of $181 in Penola sat substantially lower than the Regional SA figures of $1,153 and $220. Compared across Australia, Penola maintains notably lower mortgage outlays against the nationwide $1,863 average, alongside weekly rental figures far below the national $375 benchmark.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the Penola SA2?
In the Penola SA2, 44.0% of homes are owned outright, 33.5% are owned with a mortgage, and 22.5% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the Penola SA2 are houses?
According to the latest data, 94.8% of dwellings in the Penola SA2 are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the Penola SA2 are apartments or units?
In the Penola SA2, 0.6% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 3.8% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the Penola SA2?
Outright home ownership in the Penola SA2 stands at 44.0%, compared to 41.6% in Regional SA.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the Penola SA2?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the Penola SA2 is $896, compared to $1,153 in Regional SA.
What is the median weekly rent in the Penola SA2?
The median weekly rent in the Penola SA2 is $181, compared to $220 in Regional SA.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the Penola SA2?
In the Penola SA2, 28.8% of rentals are $0-149/week, 69.1% are $150-349/week, 2.1% are $350-649/week, 0.0% are $650-949/week, and 0.0% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the Penola SA2?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the Penola SA2 is $476, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the Penola SA2?
In the Penola SA2, households with mortgages typically spend 15.7% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 13.8% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the Penola SA2?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the Penola SA2 is 0.7, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the Penola SA2 compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the Penola SA2 shows mortgage holders spending 15.7% of income on repayments (vs 22.4% regionally), while renters spend 13.8% of income on rent (vs 18.5% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the Penola SA2?
The dwelling mix in the Penola SA2 consists of 94.8% detached houses, 3.8% semi-detached dwellings, 0.6% apartments, and 0.8% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the Penola SA2?
Considering the housing occupancy patterns, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $476. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $896/month, and renters paying $784/month.
How affordable is housing in the Penola SA2 relative to local incomes?
Housing in Penola consumes approximately 8.4% of median household income ($5,690 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the Penola SA2?
Recent development applications in Penola show attached dwellings contributing 0% of approvals compared to 5% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 100% of applications versus 95% of current dwellings. This suggests development patterns consistent with existing housing mix. The area shows minimal growth in housing density compared to other Australian locations.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Penola

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Penola counted 1,224 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.3 people each. 24% are couples with children, against 33% couples without children. 31% of households are people living alone, and families average 2.0 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Family units constitute 66.2% of all households in the area, encompassing couples without children (32.5%), couples with children (24.1%), and single parent families (9.4%). Non-family living arrangements account for the remaining 33.8%, led by single-person residences at 31.3% and group setups making up 2.3%. The typical household size stands at 2.3 people, aligning perfectly with the Regional SA average.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the Penola SA2?
As of the 2021 Census, the Penola SA2 had 1,224 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 2.9% to an estimated 1,259 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the Penola SA2 is 2.3 people. This compares to 2.3 in Regional SA and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 66.2% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (31.3%), group households (2.3%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 810 family households, 24.1% are couples with children, 32.5% are couples without children at home, and 9.4% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the Penola SA2 compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Regional SA, the Penola SA2 shows distinct household patterns. These patterns shape local housing needs and community service requirements.
What is the average family size?
Families in the Penola SA2 have an average of 2.0 children, slightly above the Regional SA average of 1.9. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the Penola SA2?
Marriage patterns reveal 50.0% of the adult population are currently married, while 29.8% have never married. This compares to 47.9% married and 31.7% never married across Regional SA.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 31.3% of all households in the Penola SA2, similar to the regional average of 31.3%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 2.3% of households, well below the Regional SA average of 2.4%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Penola

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15.4% of adults in Penola hold a university qualification, including 11.2% with a bachelor degree and 1.9% with postgraduate qualifications, lower than 88% of areas nationally. A further 26.9% hold a vocational qualification. 5 schools serve the area, with 375 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 954 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

Educational attainment in the district presents noticeable headwinds, as higher education attainment (15.4%) sits well beneath the nationwide benchmark of 30.4%, highlighting a clear focus area for future educational programs. Among degree holders, bachelor qualifications comprise 11.2%, graduate diplomas account for 2.3%, and postgraduate degrees represent 1.9%. Vocational learning holds a prominent position locally, with 34.9% of the population aged 15+ possessing technical credentials, encompassing advanced diplomas (8.0%) alongside certificates (26.9%). Engagement with formal study is pronounced locally, with 27.1% of the community undertaking formal courses. This cohort comprises 13.8% attending primary education, 6.7% in secondary education, and 1.9% enrolled in tertiary education.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the Penola SA2 have university qualifications?
15.4% of people aged 15 and over in the Penola SA2 have university qualifications, compared to 13.9% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the Penola SA2 have no formal qualifications?
49.7% of people aged 15 and over in the Penola SA2 have no formal qualifications, compared to 47.1% regionally.
How does the Penola SA2's education level compare to national averages?
The penola sa2 ranks in the 12th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the Penola SA2?
The most common qualifications in the Penola SA2 are: Certificate (26.9%), Bachelor Degree (11.2%), Advanced Diploma (8.0%).
What proportion of the Penola SA2's population is currently attending educational institutions?
27.1% of the population in the Penola SA2 is currently engaged in formal education, with 13.8% in primary school, 6.7% in secondary school, 1.9% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the Penola SA2?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the Penola SA2 is 954, indicating below-average socio-educational advantage compared to the national average of 1000.
How many schools are located within the Penola SA2?
There are 5 schools within the Penola SA2, with a combined enrollment of approximately 375 students.
What types of schools are available in the Penola SA2?
The penola sa2 includes 4 primary schools, 1 secondary school.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Penola

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Penola

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Getting around Penola means driving: households keep an average of 1.7 vehicles, and scheduled services reach only a handful of stops. Service data is built from operators' published GTFS timetables; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Penola contains 1 active public transport stops within its boundaries, serviced by 2 individual routes providing 10 weekly passenger trips. Public transit access is constrained, with the typical distance to the closest boarding point measuring 8614 meters. With the area functioning mainly as a residential locality, outward travel is standard; driving remains the primary mode of travel at 91%, while 7% commute on foot. Household vehicle access averages 1.7 cars per dwelling, higher than the regional level. An estimated 12.8% of employed individuals worked from home at the 2021 Census, potentially reflecting COVID-19 settings.

Transit schedules provide an average of 1 trips per day across all available lines, representing approximately 10 weekly trips for each designated boarding location.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Penola?
There are 1 public transport stops within the Penola SA2.
How frequent are the transport services in Penola?
the Penola SA2 has 10 weekly trips across 2 routes, averaging 1 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Penola?
On average, residential properties are 8614 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Penola

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64.7% of residents in Penola report no long-term health condition. 6.2% need daily assistance with core activities, and 48.2% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.6 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

General health metrics for Penola inhabitants remain encouraging, with AreaSearch evaluations of chronic illnesses and mortality figures tracking close to nationwide standards across all age demographics, while private medical coverage remains notably restricted at approximately 48% of the local population (~1,540 people) against the 55.7% national figure. Arthritis (10.1%) and mental health conditions (8.5%) represent the most prevalent health issues diagnosed in the locality, while 64.7% of residents reported having no long-term medical conditions, outperforming the 62.5% baseline in Regional SA. The prime working-age demographic records comparatively higher rates of ongoing health ailments.

Seniors aged 65 and over comprise 25.7% of the locality (822 people), below the 27.1% recorded for Regional SA. Older citizens demonstrate favorable health standings, achieving national rankings that surpass the general resident profile.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the Penola SA2 have private health insurance?
Around 48.2% of people in the Penola SA2 are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 48.9% in the broader region of Regional SA.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the Penola SA2?
In the Penola SA2, 6.2% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 7.0% of people in Regional SA require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the Penola SA2?
7.6% of people in the Penola SA2 are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 8.4% of the population across Regional SA is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the Penola SA2?
Diabetes affects 5.7% of the the Penola SA2 population, while in the surrounding region, 5.8% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the Penola SA2?
4.1% of people in the Penola SA2 have heart disease. Across the region of Regional SA, 4.8% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the Penola SA2 compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the Penola SA2, 48.2% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Regional SA sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 48.9%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Penola

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Penola is largely Australian-born, at 90.2% of residents, with 3.3% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (34.5%) and English (31.3%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Penola registers below-average measures of cultural diversity, characterized by 88.8% Australian citizenship, 90.2% of the populace born domestically, and 96.7% communicating exclusively in English at home. Christianity forms the dominant faith locally, followed by 44.7% of residents, in line with 45.2% across Regional SA. Looking at parental heritage, the most frequently declared ancestries among Penola residents are Australian at 34.5%, English at 31.3%, and Scottish at 9.6%. Distinct patterns also emerge for other backgrounds, with German ancestry accounting for 6.1% in Penola (compared to 8.2% across the wider region) and Dutch background recorded at 1.3% (against 1.3% regionally).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the Penola SA2?
Penola was found to be below average in terms of cultural diversity, with 88.8% of its population being citizens, 90.2% born in Australia, and 96.7% speaking English only at home.
What is the most common religion in the Penola SA2?
The main religion in Penola was found to be Christianity, which makes up 44.7% of people in Penola. This compares to 45.2% across Regional SA.
What are the top countries of origin in the Penola SA2?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Penola are Australian, comprising 34.5% of the population, English, comprising 31.3% of the population, and Scottish, comprising 9.6% of the population. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: German is notably overrepresented at 6.1% of Penola (vs 8.2% regionally) and Dutch at 1.3% (vs 1.3%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
9.8% of the the Penola SA2 population was born overseas, compared to 12.4% regionally.
What percentage of the the Penola SA2 population speaks a language other than English at home?
3.3% of the population in the Penola SA2 speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 5.7% in the wider region.
How many people in the Penola SA2 identify as Australian Aboriginal?
1.3% of the the Penola SA2 population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 3.3% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the Penola SA2?
88.8% of the the Penola SA2 population holds citizenship, compared to 89.3% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Penola

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The median resident of Penola is 47, older than 84% of areas nationally. 19.6% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

The age distribution in Penola closely parallels Regional SA, with every primary age bracket remaining within 4.0 percentage points of the Regional SA benchmark. AreaSearch places the median age at 47 as at August 2026, mirroring the figure from the 2021 Census as well as the Regional SA median of 47 at that time, while sitting above the nationwide median of 38 from the same Census. The most noticeable demographic shift post-Census is the expansion of seniors and retirees (65+), growing from 22.5% to an estimated 25.7% of the populace.

Sub-cohort shifts show persons aged 5 to 14 decreasing from 13.0% to an estimated 10.7%, whereas the 15 to 24 band increased from 9.2% to 11.0%, without incoming growth among younger children. Projections to 2041 indicate that senior and retiree demographics will absorb the majority of local growth, gaining 192 residents (23%) to reach 1,014, while contractions are anticipated across youth, young adults, middle-aged groups, and younger retirees.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the Penola SA2?
AreaSearch estimates the median age in the Penola SA2 at 47 years as at August 2026. That is in line with the 2021 Census figure of 47 years, on an age profile AreaSearch re-estimates for population change recorded since the Census.
How does the Penola SA2's median age compare to broader areas?
At an estimated 47 years as at August 2026, Penola is equal to the Regional SA 2021 Census average and 9 years older than the national Census average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the Penola SA2?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most over-represented age group in the Penola SA2 compared to the Regional SA region is the 55 - 64 group, making up 16.3% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the Penola SA2?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most under-represented age group in the Penola SA2 compared to the Regional SA region is the 25 - 34 group, making up 8.7% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
No, the age distribution in the Penola SA2 is broadly in line with the Regional SA region.
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the Penola SA2?
AreaSearch estimates children aged 0-14 years at 15.1% of the population in the Penola SA2 as at August 2026.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the Penola SA2?
AreaSearch estimates people aged 65 and over at 25.7% of the population in the Penola SA2 as at August 2026.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Penola

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Sep 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Sep 2026 last month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Sep 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, Local governments Daily May 2026 5 months ago all 2 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 7 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Sep 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Sep 2026 last month all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 25 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (3,107 at the 2021 Census → 3,196 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (407021156). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

Why can the Penola SA2 boundary differ from the suburb boundary?
This page uses ABS Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) boundaries for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP). SA2 areas can differ materially from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, even when they share similar names, because they are defined for different purposes and often use different geographic boundaries.
Where does the data on this Penola page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Penola data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Aug 2026), property sales & rents (Sep 2026), infrastructure projects (May 2026) and services & amenities (Sep 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to Aug 2026), age profile (to Aug 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Sep 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

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