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This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.
SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.
Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
2021 Census | -- people
The median house price in South Penrith is $1.16m, with units at $950k. House values have moved 7.4% a year compounded over five years.
Curious about local property values? Filter the chart to assess the volume and appreciation (including resales) trends and regional comparisons, or scroll to the map below view this information at an individual property level.
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South Penrith has an estimated 11,976 residents, down from 12,005 at the 2021 Census. That puts 2,367 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to AreaSearch evaluations combining broader ABS population revisions with new post-Census address validations, the suburb of South Penrith has an estimated 11,976 residents as of Aug 2026. Relative to the 12,005 inhabitants recorded at the 2021 Census, this represents a reduction of 29 individuals, or 0.2%. This updated total builds upon an ERP estimate of 11,953 derived from the ABS June 2025 data release, supplemented by 32 post-Census validated new addresses. South Penrith records a population density of 2,366 persons per square kilometer, placing the suburb in the upper quartile across nationwide benchmark locations assessed by AreaSearch.
Inbound international migration supplied approximately 51.0% of all recent demographic increases, serving as the principal engine of local growth. Demographic projections for the suburb of South Penrith incorporate combined ABS and Geoscience Australia SA2 modeling published in 2024 using 2022 as a base, along with 2022 NSW State Government SA2 forecasts based in 2021 where necessary. Projected age-cohort growth rates from these datasets are applied across all areas between 2032 and 2041. Based on these SA2 aggregations, long-term expansion is positioned in the lower quartile of AreaSearch benchmarks, with the suburb expected to add 358 persons by 2041, representing a modest cumulative rise of 2.8% over the 16-year horizon.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
142 new dwellings have been approved in South Penrith over the past five years, an average of 28 a year. That is 1.9 approvals per 1,000 residents. Of the 22 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 77% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 6, well below that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
Residential building approvals allocated from ABS statistical areas show an average of 28 new dwellings approved annually across South Penrith, amounting to approximately 142 properties throughout the previous 5 financial years. Within FY-25 to date, 6 approvals have been documented. Because the local population has contracted slightly, this flow of new housing supply appears sufficient to meet incoming demand while sustaining purchaser choice. With an average construction value of $296,000—substantially below broader regional benchmarks—new builds provide relatively affordable entry points. On the commercial front, $11.5 million in development approvals during the current financial year indicates moderate non-residential construction activity.
Residential development in South Penrith is remarkably subdued relative to Greater Sydney, sitting 70.0% below the regional per capita benchmark. This restricted rate of new construction tends to support property valuations and buyer interest across existing dwellings, while reflecting market maturity and potential zoning or land availability constraints compared to national averages. Of the current residential building activity, 77.0% consists of detached houses and 23.0% comprises apartments or townhouses, reinforcing a predominantly low-density suburban landscape tailored to family living. An approval ratio of 2172 people per dwelling approval further underlines an established urban footprint. According to the latest quarterly estimates from AreaSearch, South Penrith is projected to gain 335 additional residents through to 2041. Given established construction trends, future residential pipeline should comfortably absorb projected dwelling demand, maintaining stable market conditions for buyers and potentially supporting higher population expansion than currently anticipated.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around South Penrith
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| Lodged | Address | Description | Type | Distance | Status |
|---|
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 2 current infrastructure and development projects inside South Penrith, worth an estimated $250 million. A further 60 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $29.9 billion. 25 are already under construction and 26 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, transport & logistics and communities, precincts & urban renewal. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Capital investments, planning initiatives, and transport infrastructure projects play a fundamental role in shaping local growth. AreaSearch has pinpointed 7 major projects expected to influence South Penrith, headlined by the Mulgoa Road Upgrade - Glenmore Parkway to Jeanette Street, the Mulgoa Road Upgrade - Jeanette Street to Blaikie Road, Glenmore Park Stage 3, and the Mulgoa Road / Castlereagh Road Corridor Upgrade.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
Denotes AI-based impression for illustrative purposes only, not to be taken as definitive under any circumstances. Please follow links and conduct other investigations from the project's source for actual imagery. Developers and project owners wishing us to use original imagery please Contact Us and we will do so.
Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Mulgoa Road Upgrade - Glenmore Parkway to Jeanette Street
The NSW and Australian governments are upgrading and widening Mulgoa Road between Glenmore Parkway and Jeanette Street (Stage 2) to support current and future traffic demands and expected growth in western Sydney. The 850m upgrade replaces the roundabout at Glenmore Parkway with traffic signals and adds up to three lanes on approach roads with dedicated turning lanes. The project also delivers shared paths on both sides of the road, dedicated bus lanes, and an upgraded intersection at Spencer Street/Schoolhouse Road.Major construction commenced in early 2026 and is expected to be completed by 2029. The $250 million project is jointly funded by the Australian and NSW governments.
Hilton Garden Inn Sydney Kingswood
Seven-storey, 140-room Hilton Garden Inn medi-hotel in the Nepean Health Hub, opposite Nepean Hospital. The development includes a full-service restaurant and bar, rooftop bar and seating with Blue Mountains views, meeting rooms, fitness room, food and beverage areas, a 24-hour grab-and-go retail store and three basement levels with 63 car spaces. It is being delivered by Boston Global, with Hilton to manage the hotel under the Hilton Garden Inn brand.
Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport - Orchard Hills Station
Construction of the Orchard Hills Metro Station and the adjacent Stabling and Maintenance Facility (SMF) as part of the 23km Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport line. As of May 2026, the project has reached advanced fit-out stages including the installation of platform screen doors, internal architectural finishes, and the completion of the 38-hectare maintenance hub structures. The station will serve as the gateway to a future Orchard Hills town centre, supporting thousands of new homes and jobs.Operational testing is slated for late 2026 ahead of the 2027 opening.
Nepean Hospital Redevelopment
The over $1 billion Nepean Hospital Redevelopment delivers major clinical upgrades across two stages to service Western Sydney's growing population. Stage 2 features a new seven-storey clinical tower housing an expanded Intensive Care Unit, paediatric inpatient unit, palliative care unit, renal dialysis, transit lounge, and modern education facilities. Delivered by Health Infrastructure NSW with CPB Contractors as principal contractor, major construction on Stage 2 is reaching completion in late 2026.
Nepean Hospital Redevelopment
A major expansion of Nepean Hospital to meet the needs of the Penrith and Blue Mountains communities. Stage 1 delivered a 14-storey clinical tower (2021). Stage 2 is currently in construction and involves a new 7-storey clinical building connecting to the Stage 1 tower. Key features of Stage 2 include a new Intensive Care Unit, medical imaging, nuclear medicine, renal dialysis, a new paediatric unit, and a dedicated Palliative Care Unit on Level 7. The project also delivered a new Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit (completed early 2026).As of March 2026, the building facade and main entry were unveiled, with works currently focused on internal fit-out and landscaping.
Penrith Stadium Redevelopment
The Penrith Stadium Redevelopment is a 309 million dollar NSW Government project transforming the home ground of the Penrith Panthers into a modern 25,000-seat venue (with capacity for around 30,000 for concerts). Delivered by Infrastructure NSW with John Holland as construction partner and Populous as architect, the project includes a new multi-level western grandstand, refurbished eastern grandstand, four new 50-metre LED lighting towers, new scoreboards, upgraded media and broadcast facilities, four gender-inclusive change rooms, and a substantial increase in accessible seating and amenities.The surrounding precinct features a remodelled training field, multipurpose community courts, landscaped public spaces, basketball hoops, and improved pedestrian connections to support year-round community use. Demolition was completed in August 2025 and major construction has progressed rapidly, with the first eastern grandstand roof section installed in February 2026 and four lighting towers erected in April 2026. The project is supporting around 500 construction jobs and over 650 ongoing operational jobs, with completion targeted ahead of the 2027 NRL season. The venue was renamed Helloworld Stadium in March 2026 under a new naming rights agreement.
Mulgoa Road Upgrade - Jeanette Street to Blaikie Road
The NSW Government is upgrading and widening Mulgoa Road to a six-lane divided road between Jeanette Street and Blaikie Road. The project includes bus priority lanes, shared active transport paths, noise walls, and upgraded M4 Motorway intersections to ease congestion and improve safety in Penrith.
342-350 High Street Penrith Mixed Use Development
Mixed-use development approved by the Penrith Local Planning Panel on 19 April 2023 (DA21/0968). The proposal comprises two seven-storey buildings: Building A on High Street with ground floor retail and upper commercial levels, and Building B fronting John Cram Place with serviced apartments/residential. Subsequent Section 4.55 modifications were lodged in October 2024 (Mod24/0179 and Mod24/0186) adjusting layouts, basement parking, minor height to Building B, design refinements and staging. Marketing has commenced for strata commercial space via Raine & Horne Commercial Penrith.Estimated cost of works is approximately $20.43m.
5,976 residents of South Penrith are employed, from a labour force of 6,237. Unemployment sits at 4.2%, with participation at 64.2%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.3% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 9,824, about 82% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
South Penrith features a capable local workforce underpinned by solid representation across core service industries, maintaining an unemployment rate of 4.2% based on aggregated statistical area metrics. As of March 2026, 5,976 residents are employed, matching Greater Sydney's regional unemployment rate of 4.1%, while overall labour force participation registers at 64.2% compared to 68.9% regionally. Census returns indicated that 29.5% of working residents performed their duties from home, an outcome influenced in part by Covid-19 restrictions. The primary employment sectors for local residents are construction, health care & social assistance, and retail trade.
Construction activity is particularly pronounced, engaging local workers at 1.6 times the regional average rate. In contrast, professional & technical roles account for only 4.3% of the resident workforce compared to 11.5% across Greater Sydney. Comparing the resident workforce to local workplace counts demonstrates that this predominantly residential precinct offers comparatively few internal job positions. AreaSearch analysis of ABS and SALM statistical data shows that across the 12 months leading to March 2026, the local labour force contracted by 4.8% while total employment fell by 4.9%, nudging the unemployment rate upward by 0.2 percentage points. This trend ran counter to Greater Sydney, which recorded a 1.9% increase in both the labour force and overall jobs alongside a slight easing in unemployment. National outlooks from Jobs and Skills Australia as of Mar-26 provide context for future industry demand. Across the country, employment is projected to expand by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% across ten years, though trajectories diverge by sector. Applying these industry growth weights to South Penrith's resident employment profile suggests potential local employment expansion of 6.3% over five years and 13.0% over ten years, noting that this simple baseline weighting does not account for localised population shifts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in South Penrith is $1,870 a week (about $97,000 a year), with median personal income at $828 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $54,570 a year against an average of $63,475. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
According to aggregated ATO tax data from AreaSearch for financial year 2023, personal earnings in the suburb of South Penrith sit below national benchmarks. Median taxpayer earnings were recorded at $54,570 with an average of $63,475, trailing Greater Sydney equivalents of $60,817 and $83,003. Applying Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since financial year 2023 indicates updated income estimates of approximately $60,202 for median earnings and $70,026 for the average as of March 2026. The 2021 Census placed personal, family, and household earnings around the 55th percentile across Australia, with 37.2% of residents (4,455 people) earning in the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket, aligning with the regional share of 30.9%.
Residential housing costs account for 16.9% of income, leaving overall disposable earnings at the 57th percentile, while the SEIFA index assigns the suburb an income ranking in the 4th decile.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
South Penrith had 4,244 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 92% detached houses and 1% apartments. 37% are owned with a mortgage, 31% rented and 32% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $420 a week and the median mortgage repayment $2,167 a month. Rent absorbs 22.5% of household income here and mortgage repayments 26.7%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
The housing stock in South Penrith is overwhelmingly detached, with the latest Census recording 92.1% separate houses and 7.9% other dwelling types including apartments and townhouses, compared to Sydney metro where separate houses represent 55.9% and medium-to-high density makes up 44.1%. Outright home ownership is notably elevated at 31.7%, with 37.4% of homes carrying a mortgage and 30.9% occupied by renters. Typical monthly mortgage repayments stand at $2,167 and median weekly rent sits at $420, both below metropolitan Sydney averages of $2,427 and $470. On a national level, however, local mortgage commitments surpass the Australian average of $1,863, and rents exceed the national benchmark of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
South Penrith counted 4,244 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.7 people each. 34% are couples with children, against 25% couples without children. 21% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.8 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Family units constitute the vast majority of local residences at 76.9%, consisting of couples raising children (34.1%), childless couples (25.4%), and single parent households (16.1%). Non-family living arrangements account for the remaining 23.1%, comprising single-person households at 20.7% and group households at 2.6%. The typical household size sits at 2.7 residents, identical to the Greater Sydney average.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
16.8% of adults in South Penrith hold a university qualification, including 11.5% with a bachelor degree and 3.7% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 28.9% hold a vocational qualification. 4 schools serve the area, with 2,184 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 985 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
Higher education metrics show significant variation from regional norms, with 16.8% of residents holding university degrees compared to 38.0% across Greater Sydney, creating clear avenues for targeted educational development. Bachelor degrees comprise the largest tertiary category at 11.5%, followed by postgraduate degrees at 3.7% and graduate diplomas at 1.6%. In contrast, vocational and trade training is widespread, with 39.2% of the population aged 15+ holding practical credentials, including 28.9% with certificate-level qualifications and 10.3% possessing advanced diplomas. Active participation in study is strong throughout the community, as 29.3% of residents are enrolled in educational courses.
This student population includes 11.1% attending primary schools, 8.1% engaged in secondary schooling, and 3.7% undertaking tertiary programs.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in South Penrith reaches 102 stops on 34 routes, timetabled for about 1,300 services a week. The typical home sits about 160 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.5 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
Public transport connectivity across South Penrith encompasses 102 bus stops operating across 34 separate routes, delivering 1,331 scheduled passenger journeys each week. Physical access is strong, with the average home situated 159 meters from the closest boarding point. Given the residential orientation of the suburb, private motor vehicles remain the primary commuting choice, accounting for 90% of travel, supported by an average ownership rate of 1.5 vehicles per household, which exceeds regional norms. Additionally, 29.5% of working residents were based at home at the 2021 Census, a figure reflecting contemporary COVID-19 settings.
Network operations generate an average of 190 passenger trips daily across all bus routes, translating to roughly 13 departures per week at each individual stop. The accompanying mapping illustrates the 100 nearest transit stops relative to the centre of the suburb.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
67.5% of residents in South Penrith report no long-term health condition. 6.0% need daily assistance with core activities, and 52.1% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 5.3 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
AreaSearch evaluations of chronic condition incidence and mortality statistics point to health headwinds within South Penrith across both younger and older demographics. Rates of private health insurance lag behind regional norms, with roughly 52% of the population (~6,233 people) covered, compared to 59.9% across Greater Sydney. Arthritis and asthma represent the most widespread chronic health conditions reported locally, affecting 8.8% and 8.3% of the community respectively, while 67.5% of residents reported no long-term medical conditions, compared to 74.6% across Greater Sydney. Health status among working-age individuals generally tracks typical benchmarks.
Residents aged 65 and over account for 17.8% of the populace (2,131 people), above the 15.5% observed regionally, with senior health indicators generally matching broader national levels.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
South Penrith is largely Australian-born, at 81.3% of residents, with 12.0% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (29.6%) and English (26.9%). 3.8% of residents identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Cultural and linguistic indicators in South Penrith closely mirror the broader metropolitan environment. Australian-born residents represent 81.3% of the populace, 90.2% hold Australian citizenship, and 88.0% speak exclusively English within the household. Christianity is the predominant faith, practiced by 57.4% of residents compared to 49.2% across Greater Sydney. The most widely reported ancestries among South Penrith residents are Australian at 29.6% (above the 17.8% regional figure), English at 26.9% (exceeding the 19.0% regional rate), and Irish at 7.7%. Specific ethnic representations display distinct local variations, with Maltese background accounting for 1.5% compared to 1.0% regionally, Samoan representation at 0.5% against 0.5% across the region, and Lebanese heritage at 0.9% compared to 2.6% regionally.
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of South Penrith is 37. 28.1% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The demographic profile of South Penrith aligns closely with Greater Sydney, showing a maximum variance of only 3.1 percentage points across age cohorts. AreaSearch calculates a median age of 37 as at August 2026, identical to the 2021 Census figure and matching Greater Sydney's median age of 37 recorded during the same Census. The most noticeable demographic shift since the Census is the rise in senior residents aged 65+, expanding from 16.8% to an estimated 17.8%. Looking toward 2041, retirees and seniors will account for the bulk of local growth, increasing by 508 individuals (24%) to reach 2,640, whereas child, youth, and younger-to-middle adult age brackets are projected to decline.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for South Penrith
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · Jun 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Aug 2026 last month all 21 measures |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | May 2026 4 months ago all 2 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 6 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Jul 2026 2 months ago all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 32 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (12,005 at the 2021 Census → 11,976 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL13612). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.