Penrith

SA2

Greater Sydney / Penrith

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Statistical Area (SA2) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.

SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).

Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Penrith

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The median house price in Penrith is $1.14m, with units at $626k. House values have moved 5.8% a year compounded over five years.

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Penrith

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Penrith has an estimated 20,735 residents, up from 17,966 at the 2021 Census — a change of 2,769 people, or 15.4%. Growth has averaged 3.3% a year over five years, faster than 85% of areas nationally. 866 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. Interstate and internal migration accounts for 52.8% of that increase. That puts 1,996 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

According to research by AreaSearch, the resident count in Penrith stands at approximately 20,735 as of Aug 2026. This marks an expansion of 2,769 people (15.4%) compared to the 17,966 people recorded in the 2021 Census. Such growth is calculated by referencing the ABS estimated resident population figure of 20,292 as of June 2025 alongside 866 validated new addresses registered following the Census. Consequently, population density is estimated at 1,995 persons per square kilometer, outpacing the typical benchmarks observed across nationwide locations evaluated by AreaSearch. Penrith's 15.4% expansion rate since the 2021 census outstripped both the broader state and the SA4 region (6.3%), establishing the suburb as a prime regional growth corridor.

This expansion was predominantly stimulated by interstate migration, which accounted for roughly 52.8% of all net resident additions over recent periods. SA2 projections published by ABS/Geoscience Australia in 2024 (using 2022 as a baseline) have been incorporated by AreaSearch, while NSW State Government SA2 forecasts released in 2022 (benchmarked to 2021) are applied wherever gaps exist. Age-specific trajectory rates derived from these models are further extended across all territories for the 2032 to 2041 period. Looking ahead, AreaSearch models place Penrith within the upper quartile of statistical locations for future expansion, projecting an influx of 7,445 persons through to 2041 based on the most recent annual ERP figures, translating to an overall 33.8% increase over the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the Penrith SA2?
Total population for the Penrith SA2 was estimated to be approximately 20,735 as at Aug 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 20,292 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the Penrith SA2 changed since 2021?
The penrith sa2 has added approximately 2,769 people and shown a 15.41% increase from the 17,966 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the Penrith SA2?
The population density in the Penrith SA2 is estimated at 1,995 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the Penrith SA2?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the Penrith SA2 has shown a compound annual growth rate of 4.3% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the Penrith SA2?
Population growth in the Penrith SA2 is driven by: Interstate migration (52.8%), Overseas migration (47.2%), Natural increase (0.0%). The primary driver is Interstate migration, contributing 52.8% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Penrith

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1,493 new dwellings have been approved in Penrith over the past five years, an average of 298 a year. That places the area in the 96th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 14 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 298 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 6% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Dwelling construction approvals across Penrith have averaged roughly 298 each year, accumulating to 1,493 homes over the past 5 financial years. Between FY-22 and FY-26 over the past 5 financial years, the area added an average of 2 new residents per year for every home constructed, underscoring solid structural demand that reinforces local property values. Expected construction costs for these residences average $431,000, consistent with surrounding regional benchmarks. Furthermore, commercial building approvals have reached $210.4 million this financial year, demonstrating considerable commercial development momentum. Per capita construction activity in Penrith outpaces Greater Sydney by 144.0%, ensuring substantial stock availability for purchasers.

This rate substantially exceeds national standards, highlighting intense developer engagement. High-density and medium-density dwellings constitute 94.0% of current building activity, with standalone homes accounting for just 6.0%. This orientation toward compact housing delivers more attainable price tiers for downsizers, first-home buyers, and property investors. It also represents a stark transition away from the established fabric of 36.0% houses, reflecting tighter supplies of greenfield land alongside shifting lifestyle choices and affordability considerations. With roughly 39 people per dwelling approval, the local residential sector continues to expand. Demographic projections indicate that Penrith will add 7,002 residents through to 2041, relative to the latest AreaSearch quarterly estimate. Given existing building velocity, the incoming residential supply appears well positioned to satisfy demand, creating favorable market dynamics for purchasers and potentially facilitating population gains beyond baseline forecasts.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the Penrith SA2 recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the Penrith SA2 area has seen 1,050 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The Penrith SA2's current population of 20,735 has been supported by 298 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the Penrith SA2's development activity compare to the broader region?
The Penrith SA2 has seen 1.51 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.62 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 39 people in the Penrith SA2, compared to one for every 165 in the broader region.
Is the Penrith SA2 keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 7,002 people by 2041, around 3,501 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the Penrith SA2?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the Penrith SA2's approval levels have been significantly above the yearly average of 298, indicating strong recent growth in development activity.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the Penrith SA2?
The population in the Penrith SA2 is expected to grow by 7,002 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 3,501 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the Penrith SA2?
Over the past five years, the population in the Penrith SA2 has grown by approximately 8,479 people, while 1,493 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 5.7 people added for each new dwelling approval. This high ratio suggests strong population growth relative to housing supply, potentially indicating unmet housing demand.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the Penrith SA2?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 298 approvals per year and a population of 20,735, the market appears to be adequately supplied relative to projected housing demand in recent years, suggesting that developers should have a longer-term approach when considering new projects. With the population expected to increase by 7,002 people by 2041, around 3,501 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Penrith

Development applications around Penrith

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
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SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Penrith

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AreaSearch tracks 22 current infrastructure and development projects inside Penrith, worth an estimated $3.46 billion. A further 86 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $63.9 billion. 35 are already under construction and 44 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, communities, precincts & urban renewal and transport & logistics. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Major infrastructure developments, planning frameworks, and public works serve as core drivers of local community evolution. In total, AreaSearch has identified 36 key projects poised to influence the district, highlighted by the Penrith Stadium Redevelopment, Nepean Hospital Redevelopment, Jordan Springs Development, and Mayfair Penrith, with the most consequential initiatives outlined below.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Penrith SA2?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Penrith SA2 include: Nepean Hospital Redevelopment (Construction); Mayfair Penrith (Construction); Penrith Stadium Redevelopment (Construction); Jordan Springs Development (Construction); and Perle at East Side Quarter (Construction). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the Penrith SA2?
Infrastructure development impacting the Penrith SA2 spans multiple sectors including Residential Development, Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal, and Sports & Recreation, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the Penrith SA2?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates substantial capital deployment exceeding $4.3 billion in projects that will impact the extended area, with a notable concentration of investment within the immediate the Penrith SA2 vicinity.
How does the Penrith SA2's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
The Penrith SA2 shows moderate infrastructure development relative to national averages, with opportunities for future growth and investment.
Nepean Hospital Redevelopment
Category: Health & Medical
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A major expansion of Nepean Hospital to meet the needs of the Penrith and Blue Mountains communities. Stage 1 delivered a 14-storey clinical tower (2021). Stage 2 is currently in construction and involves a new 7-storey clinical building connecting to the Stage 1 tower. Key features of Stage 2 include a new Intensive Care Unit, medical imaging, nuclear medicine, renal dialysis, a new paediatric unit, and a dedicated Palliative Care Unit on Level 7. The project also delivered a new Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit (completed early 2026).As of March 2026, the building facade and main entry were unveiled, with works currently focused on internal fit-out and landscaping.

Health & Medical

Penrith Stadium Redevelopment
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Penrith Stadium Redevelopment is a 309 million dollar NSW Government project transforming the home ground of the Penrith Panthers into a modern 25,000-seat venue (with capacity for around 30,000 for concerts). Delivered by Infrastructure NSW with John Holland as construction partner and Populous as architect, the project includes a new multi-level western grandstand, refurbished eastern grandstand, four new 50-metre LED lighting towers, new scoreboards, upgraded media and broadcast facilities, four gender-inclusive change rooms, and a substantial increase in accessible seating and amenities.The surrounding precinct features a remodelled training field, multipurpose community courts, landscaped public spaces, basketball hoops, and improved pedestrian connections to support year-round community use. Demolition was completed in August 2025 and major construction has progressed rapidly, with the first eastern grandstand roof section installed in February 2026 and four lighting towers erected in April 2026. The project is supporting around 500 construction jobs and over 650 ongoing operational jobs, with completion targeted ahead of the 2027 NRL season. The venue was renamed Helloworld Stadium in March 2026 under a new naming rights agreement.

Sports & Recreation

342-350 High Street Penrith Mixed Use Development
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2028
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Mixed-use development approved by the Penrith Local Planning Panel on 19 April 2023 (DA21/0968). The proposal comprises two seven-storey buildings: Building A on High Street with ground floor retail and upper commercial levels, and Building B fronting John Cram Place with serviced apartments/residential. Subsequent Section 4.55 modifications were lodged in October 2024 (Mod24/0179 and Mod24/0186) adjusting layouts, basement parking, minor height to Building B, design refinements and staging. Marketing has commenced for strata commercial space via Raine & Horne Commercial Penrith.Estimated cost of works is approximately $20.43m.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Parker Street Reserve Sport and Recreation Precinct
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Multi-stage upgrade of a popular Penrith sport and recreation precinct serving an estimated 200,000 annual visitors. Stage 1 (completed 2023) delivered a new four change room amenities building, LED floodlighting, improved rugby league playing surfaces, irrigation and fencing. Stage 2 (currently in planning/design) will deliver a new playspace, refurbishment of the lower fields amenities building, car park resurfacing with accessible parking and a pedestrian crossing, sports field surface improvements, landscaping and new pathways. The project supports rugby league, cricket and athletics groups.Stage 2 is funded by $2.45 million through the NSW Government Western Sydney Infrastructure Grants Program in partnership with Penrith City Council.

Sports & Recreation

Mayfair Penrith
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A landmark mixed-use development by Urban Property Group featuring two towers. Designed by SJB Architects, the development includes ground-level retail spaces (3,500sqm), commercial offices (4,500sqm), and a distinctive double-height colonnade inspired by Sydney's GPO building. Features rooftop pools with Blue Mountains views and communal facilities. The project includes 15 percent affordable housing. Located directly opposite Penrith Station, representing a transit-oriented development in the North Penrith precinct.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

High Street Mixed-Use Development Penrith
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2026

Proposed mixed-use development adjacent to Westfield Penrith featuring residential apartments, commercial spaces, and ground floor retail. Part of broader Penrith CBD revitalisation strategy.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Perle at East Side Quarter
Category: Communities
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   

A $200 million luxury mixed-use development by James Place Group featuring 173 architecturally crafted homes including apartments, terrace houses, and penthouses. Located as Stage 4 within the East Side Quarter precinct, Perle offers resort-style amenities including a Palm Springs-inspired Level 6 rooftop infinity pool, state-of-the-art wellness centre with gym, yoga studio, sauna and steam room, 1,000 sqm lakefront dining precinct, private gardens, hotel-style concierge service, private dining facilities (The Perle Private Club), and beautifully landscaped paths by award-winning landscape architects OCULUS.The development features panoramic views of the Blue Mountains and lakefront. Construction commenced with the turning of soil ceremony in May 2025, with completion expected early 2027 to coincide with the opening of Western Sydney Airport. Built by Astina Group.

Communities

Rodley Place
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026

Residential development providing modern apartments close to Penrith city centre with access to shopping, dining and transport options.

Residential Development

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Penrith

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10,772 residents of Penrith are employed, from a labour force of 11,425. Unemployment sits at 5.7%, with participation at 65.5%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.5% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth, so in an area growing as fast as this one it understates the likely rise in local jobs. The working-day population is estimated at 26,261, about 127% of the resident population, so the area draws in more workers than it sends out. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Penrith maintains a skilled local talent pool, characterized by strong participation across essential service sectors and an overall jobless rate of 5.7%. By March 2026, employed residents numbered 10,772, with unemployment tracking 1.6% higher than the Greater Sydney benchmark of 4.1%, while local labour participation is slightly subdued at 65.5% versus 68.9% across Greater Sydney. Census records further indicated that 33.2% of workers operated from home, though this figure was influenced by Covid-19 lockdown restrictions. Resident employment is concentrated primarily in construction, retail trade, and health care & social assistance.

The community demonstrates an outsized focus on public administration & safety, capturing an employment proportion 1.4 times the broader regional benchmark. Conversely, professional & technical occupations are underrepresented, engaging 5.9% of the local workforce compared to 11.5% regionally. Accounting for 1.1 workers for every resident as at the Census, the precinct acts as a regional employment destination, generating more jobs than resident workers and drawing commuters inward from neighboring suburbs. Analysis from AreaSearch using SALM and ABS figures indicates that the labour force shrank by 3.9% and employment dropped by 4.0% during the year to March 2026, which pushed the unemployment rate up by 0.2 percentage points. In contrast, Greater Sydney experienced employment growth of 1.9% and labour force growth of 1.9%, alongside a slight decline in unemployment. Jobs and Skills Australia's national employment forecasts from Mar-26 provide additional perspective on likely future demand in Penrith. These forecasts, which span five and ten-year horizons, have been overlaid with local employment data to estimate growth trajectories. Although national employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, expansion varies considerably across different industry sectors. When these sector-specific forecasts are applied to Penrith's employment composition, local employment is estimated to rise by 6.5% over five years and 13.4% over ten years, though it should be noted that this represents a straightforward weighted extrapolation for illustrative use and does not incorporate localised population projections.

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the Penrith SA2?
As of March 2026, the Penrith SA2 has approximately 10,772 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 5.7%. The unemployment rate is moderate, indicating some available workforce capacity. The area faces employment challenges compared to other regions nationally.
How does the Penrith SA2's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the Penrith SA2 stands at 5.7%, which is 1.6 percentage points above Greater Sydney's rate of 4.1%. This higher unemployment rate may indicate local labour market challenges. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the Penrith SA2?
The employment landscape in the Penrith SA2 is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are health care & social assistance (15.8% of employment), retail trade (11.3%), and construction (9.6%). Other significant employers include education & training and public administration & safety.
How has employment changed recently in the Penrith SA2?
Over the past year to March 2026, the Penrith SA2 has experienced a decline in employment, with total jobs decreasing while the labour force decreased. As a result, the unemployment rate has rise. By comparison, Greater Sydney saw employment increased and its unemployment rate dropped.
What is the workforce participation rate in the Penrith SA2?
The workforce participation rate in the Penrith SA2 is 65.5%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate trailing the Greater Sydney average of 68.9%, showing similar workforce dynamics to the broader region.
Which industries are over-represented in the Penrith SA2's employment market?
The penrith sa2 shows notable specialization in public administration & safety, which employs 8.0% of the local workforce compared to 5.7% regionally. This moderate specialization indicates some local strength in the sector.
What are the employment growth prospects for the Penrith SA2?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the Penrith SA2's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 6.5% over the next five years and 13.4% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the Penrith SA2 compare nationally?
The penrith sa2's employment market shows weaker performance compared to most areas nationally. This suggests the need for targeted economic development initiatives. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region saw a 5.9% decline, ranking 29.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the Penrith SA2?
Skilled workers will find good opportunities in the Penrith SA2, with skilled sectors accounting for 36.0% of employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (15.8%), education & training (8.4%), and professional & technical (5.9%). With projected employment growth of 6.5% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Penrith

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Median household income in Penrith is $1,397 a week (about $73,000 a year), with median personal income at $812 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $57,823 a year against an average of $67,589. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

ATO postcode statistics compiled by AreaSearch for financial year 2023 place Penrith SA2 earnings near national averages, registering a median figure of $57,823 and an average of $67,589. In comparison, Greater Sydney reported higher returns, with a median of $60,817 and an average of $83,003. Factoring in Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since financial year 2023, updated estimates reach roughly $63,790 (median) and $74,564 (average) as of March 2026. From the Census 2021 figures, individual weekly earnings placed at the 51st percentile ($812 weekly), whereas overall household income sat in the 28th percentile.

In terms of earnings brackets, the single largest cohort encompasses 33.3% of residents (6,904 people) within the $1,500 - 2,999 category, closely tracking the 30.9% share recorded across the metropolitan area. Housing affordability pressures are severe, with only 76.7% of income remaining, ranking at the 19th percentile.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the Penrith SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Penrith SA2 is approximately $63,790. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $57,823.
What is the average taxable income in the Penrith SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Penrith SA2 is approximately $74,564. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $67,589.
How does the median taxable income in the Penrith SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Penrith SA2 is approximately $63,790 compared to $67,093 in Greater Sydney. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $57,823 and $60,817 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the Penrith SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Penrith SA2 is approximately $74,564 compared to $91,569 in Greater Sydney. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $67,589 and $83,003 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the Penrith SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~33.3% / 6,904 persons) of the Penrith SA2's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the Penrith SA2 compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the Penrith SA2 is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 33.3% of the population. In comparison, Greater Sydney's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 30.9% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the Penrith SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the Penrith SA2 is $1,397/wk.
What is the median family income in the Penrith SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the Penrith SA2 is $1,850/wk.
What is the median personal income in the Penrith SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the Penrith SA2 is $812/wk.
How does the Penrith SA2's income rank nationally?
AreaSearch's latest postcode level ATO data for FY-23 reveals that income in the Penrith SA2 is approximately average nationally, with the median assessed at $57,823 while the average income stands at $67,589. This contrasts to Greater Sydney's figures of a median income of $60,817 and an average income of $83,003. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $63,790 (median) and $74,564 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the Penrith SA2?
The estimated disposable income in the Penrith SA2 is $4,641 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the Penrith SA2's disposable income compare to the region?
The penrith sa2's disposable income is $4,641 compared to $7,412 for Greater Sydney, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Penrith

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Penrith had 7,837 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 36% detached houses and 44% apartments. 21% are owned with a mortgage, 63% rented and 16% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $380 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,783 a month. Rent absorbs 27.2% of household income here and mortgage repayments 29.5%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

At the latest Census, housing stock in Penrith was divided into 36.1% houses and 63.9% other dwellings (incorporating apartments, semi-detached properties, and other dwelling forms), contrasting with Sydney metro where houses accounted for 55.9% and other dwellings 44.1%. Outright home ownership trailed the broader metropolitan standard at 16.0%, with remaining properties subject to either a mortgage (21.4%) or leased by tenants (62.6%). Typical monthly mortgage commitments stood at $1,783, well below the Sydney metro level of $2,427, while typical weekly rents were $380, compared with $470 across Sydney metro. Relative to nationwide benchmarks, Penrith mortgage payments remain below the $1,863 Australian average, whereas local rents surpass the countrywide median of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the Penrith SA2?
In the Penrith SA2, 16.0% of homes are owned outright, 21.4% are owned with a mortgage, and 62.6% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the Penrith SA2 are houses?
According to the latest data, 36.1% of dwellings in the Penrith SA2 are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the Penrith SA2 are apartments or units?
In the Penrith SA2, 43.5% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 20.4% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the Penrith SA2?
Outright home ownership in the Penrith SA2 stands at 16.0%, compared to 28.7% in Greater Sydney.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the Penrith SA2?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the Penrith SA2 is $1,783, compared to $2,427 in Greater Sydney.
What is the median weekly rent in the Penrith SA2?
The median weekly rent in the Penrith SA2 is $380, compared to $470 in Greater Sydney.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the Penrith SA2?
In the Penrith SA2, 8.0% of rentals are $0-149/week, 29.0% are $150-349/week, 61.8% are $350-649/week, 1.1% are $650-949/week, and 0.1% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the Penrith SA2?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the Penrith SA2 is $1,412, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the Penrith SA2?
In the Penrith SA2, households with mortgages typically spend 29.5% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 27.2% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the Penrith SA2?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the Penrith SA2 is 0.8, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the Penrith SA2 compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the Penrith SA2 shows mortgage holders spending 29.5% of income on repayments (vs 27.0% regionally), while renters spend 27.2% of income on rent (vs 22.6% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the Penrith SA2?
The dwelling mix in the Penrith SA2 consists of 36.1% detached houses, 20.4% semi-detached dwellings, 43.5% apartments, and 0.0% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the Penrith SA2?
Accounting for the local ownership mix, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $1,412. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $1,783/month, and renters paying $1,645/month.
How affordable is housing in the Penrith SA2 relative to local incomes?
Housing in Penrith consumes approximately 23.3% of median household income ($6,049 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the Penrith SA2?
Recent development applications in Penrith show attached dwellings contributing 96% of approvals compared to 64% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 4% of applications versus 36% of current dwellings. This suggests increasing densification. Penrith is experiencing exceptional growth in housing density, ranking in the top 10% nationally.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Penrith

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Penrith counted 7,837 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 9,045 today, averaging 2.1 people each. 17% are couples with children, fewer than in 93% of areas nationally, against 22% couples without children. 41% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.4 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Families constitute the majority of local living arrangements at 53.8%, including couples without children (21.6%), couples with children (16.8%), and single parent families (13.5%). The remaining 46.2% consists of non-family households, divided between lone person households at 41.2% and group households at 5.0%. The typical household size sits at 2.1 people, tracking below the Greater Sydney standard of 2.7.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the Penrith SA2?
As of the 2021 Census, the Penrith SA2 had 7,837 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 15.4% to an estimated 9,045 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the Penrith SA2 is 2.1 people. This compares to 2.7 in Greater Sydney and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 53.8% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (41.2%), group households (5.0%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 4,216 family households, 16.8% are couples with children, 21.6% are couples without children at home, and 13.5% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the Penrith SA2 compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Greater Sydney, the Penrith SA2 shows distinct household patterns. Lone person households are notably over-represented at 41.2% (versus 23.2% regionally). Conversely, family households are under-represented at 53.8% compared to the regional 72.6%. This higher proportion of single-person households drives demand for smaller dwellings and different community services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the Penrith SA2 have an average of 1.4 children, slightly below the Greater Sydney average of 1.5. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the Penrith SA2?
Marriage patterns reveal 30.9% of the adult population are currently married, while 45.8% have never married. This compares to 48.3% married and 36.4% never married across Greater Sydney.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 41.2% of all households in the Penrith SA2, higher than the regional average of 23.2%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 5.0% of households, well below the Greater Sydney average of 4.2%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Penrith

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24.9% of adults in Penrith hold a university qualification, including 16.6% with a bachelor degree and 6.6% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 26.0% hold a vocational qualification. 4 schools serve the area, with 1,753 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,019 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

Tertiary attainment in the district trails metropolitan standards, with university qualification levels at 24.9% compared to 38.0% across Greater Sydney, highlighting a clear area for targeted educational initiatives. Among degree holders, bachelor degrees represent 16.6%, postgraduate qualifications make up 6.6%, and graduate diplomas account for 1.7%. Technical and vocational credentials are widely held, with 36.6% of residents aged 15+ possessing vocational training, consisting of advanced diplomas (10.6%) and certificates (26.0%). Current learning engagement is strong across the suburb, with 29.3% of the resident population enrolled in educational programs. This cohort includes 8.6% in primary education, 6.5% in tertiary education, and 5.9% pursuing secondary education.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the Penrith SA2 have university qualifications?
24.9% of people aged 15 and over in the Penrith SA2 have university qualifications, compared to 38.0% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the Penrith SA2 have no formal qualifications?
38.4% of people aged 15 and over in the Penrith SA2 have no formal qualifications, compared to 34.2% regionally.
How does the Penrith SA2's education level compare to national averages?
The penrith sa2 ranks in the 50th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the Penrith SA2?
The most common qualifications in the Penrith SA2 are: Certificate (26.0%), Bachelor Degree (16.6%), Advanced Diploma (10.6%).
What proportion of the Penrith SA2's population is currently attending educational institutions?
29.3% of the population in the Penrith SA2 is currently engaged in formal education, with 8.6% in primary school, 5.9% in secondary school, 6.5% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the Penrith SA2?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the Penrith SA2 is 1019, indicating average socio-educational advantage (national average is 1000).
How many schools are located within the Penrith SA2?
There are 4 schools within the Penrith SA2, with a combined enrollment of approximately 1,753 students.
What types of schools are available in the Penrith SA2?
The penrith sa2 includes 3 primary schools, 1 secondary school.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Penrith

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Penrith

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Public transport in Penrith reaches 188 stops on 110 routes, timetabled for about 7,600 services a week. The typical home sits about 140 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 0.7 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Transit infrastructure across Penrith includes 188 active public transport stops covering both buses and train services. Across these access points, 110 distinct routes operate to deliver 7,556 weekly passenger trips. Local connectivity is excellent, with typical walking distances of 137 meters to the closest stop. With the precinct functioning largely as a commuter residential base, outward travel is heavily car-dependent at 77%, while train journeys comprise 11% and walking represents 6%. Vehicle ownership sits at an average of 0.7 per dwelling, trailing metropolitan averages. Additionally, 33.2% of workers reported working from home (2021 Census; may reflect COVID-19 conditions).

Across all transit routes, network schedules provide an average of 1,079 trips per day, translating to roughly 40 weekly trips per individual stop. The accompanying mapping illustrates the 100 nearest stops situated around the central location marker.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Penrith?
There are 188 public transport stops within the Penrith SA2.
How frequent are the transport services in Penrith?
the Penrith SA2 has 7,556 weekly trips across 110 routes, averaging 1,079 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Penrith?
On average, residential properties are 137 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Penrith

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62.6% of residents in Penrith report no long-term health condition, a less healthy profile than 95% of areas nationally. 7.5% need daily assistance with core activities, and 52.6% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 9.4 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Based on AreaSearch research into chronic illness frequency and mortality patterns, Penrith faces notable public health pressures, with various medical ailments impacting both younger and older cohorts. Private health insurance participation slightly exceeds typical SA2 averages, covering approximately 53% of the total population (~10,906 people), compared to 59.9% across Greater Sydney. Asthma and mental health issues represent the most prevalent diagnosed conditions in the area, affecting 9.3% and 12.4% of residents, respectively. Meanwhile, 62.6% of locals reported no medical conditions, below the 74.6% recorded across Greater Sydney. Working-age residents experience pronounced health challenges driven by chronic illness rates.

Residents aged 65 and over account for 17.2% of the community (3,572 people), surpassing the 15.5% share in Greater Sydney. Health measures among older demographics show some vulnerabilities, with national rankings aligning closely with the overall community profile.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the Penrith SA2 have private health insurance?
Around 52.6% of people in the Penrith SA2 are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 59.9% in the broader region of Greater Sydney.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the Penrith SA2?
In the Penrith SA2, 7.5% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 5.2% of people in Greater Sydney require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the Penrith SA2?
9.3% of people in the Penrith SA2 are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 6.4% of the population across Greater Sydney is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the Penrith SA2?
Diabetes affects 5.1% of the the Penrith SA2 population, while in the surrounding region, 4.3% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the Penrith SA2?
3.8% of people in the Penrith SA2 have heart disease. Across the region of Greater Sydney, 3.2% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the Penrith SA2 compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the Penrith SA2, 52.6% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Greater Sydney sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 59.9%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Penrith

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27.1% of Penrith residents were born overseas and 20.2% speak a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are English (24.2%) and Australian (23.7%). 4.5% of residents identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Penrith demonstrates greater cultural diversity than most surrounding areas, with overseas-born individuals comprising 27.1% of the population and 20.2% speaking a non-English language at home. Christianity stands as the predominant religious affiliation, representing 50.7% of community members. The most visible local overrepresentation is observed among followers of Hinduism, who constitute 3.5% of the area compared to 5.2% across Greater Sydney. Regarding parental lineage, the leading ancestries across Penrith are English at 24.2% (surpassing the 19.0% regional standard), Australian at 23.7% (above the 17.8% regional mark), and Other at 10.2% (lower than the 16.0% regional level).

Specific cultural groups also exhibit distinct local concentrations, including Filipino residents at 2.5% (vs 2.0% regionally), Maltese at 1.5% (vs 1.0%), and Samoan at 0.6% (vs 0.5%).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the Penrith SA2?
Penrith was found to be more culturally diverse than the vast majority of local markets, with 27.1% of its population born overseas and 20.2% speaking a language other than English at home.
What is the most common religion in the Penrith SA2?
The main religion in Penrith was found to be Christianity, which makes up 50.7% of people in Penrith. However, the most apparent overrepresentation was in Hinduism, which comprises 3.5% of the population, compared to 5.2% across Greater Sydney.
What are the top countries of origin in the Penrith SA2?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Penrith are English, comprising 24.2% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 19.0%, Australian, comprising 23.7% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 17.8%, and Other, comprising 10.2% of the population, which is notably lower than the regional average of 16.0%. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Maltese is notably overrepresented at 1.5% of Penrith (vs 1.0% regionally), Filipino at 2.5% (vs 2.0%) and Samoan at 0.6% (vs 0.5%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
27.1% of the the Penrith SA2 population was born overseas, compared to 40.5% regionally.
What percentage of the the Penrith SA2 population speaks a language other than English at home?
20.2% of the population in the Penrith SA2 speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 39.5% in the wider region.
How many people in the Penrith SA2 identify as Australian Aboriginal?
4.5% of the the Penrith SA2 population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 1.3% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the Penrith SA2?
80.3% of the the Penrith SA2 population holds citizenship, compared to 80.8% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Penrith

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The median resident of Penrith is 36. 33.7% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

Penrith maintains a youthful demographic orientation, with AreaSearch estimates for August 2026 showing 34.9% of the population in the 25 - 44 bracket compared to 31.4% across Greater Sydney, alongside 26.3% aged 0 - 24 relative to 30.4% regionally. The median age is an estimated 36 as at August 2026, identical to the 2021 Census figure and 1 year below the Greater Sydney benchmark of 37 recorded at that Census. Since the Census, the share of residents aged 0 - 24 has decreased from 28.5% to an estimated 26.3%. By 2041, expansion will be heavily driven by senior and retirement cohorts (65+), which are projected to grow by 2,825 residents (79%) to reach 6,398.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the Penrith SA2?
AreaSearch estimates the median age in the Penrith SA2 at 36 years as at August 2026. That is in line with the 2021 Census figure of 36 years, on an age profile AreaSearch re-estimates for population change recorded since the Census.
How does the Penrith SA2's median age compare to broader areas?
At an estimated 36 years as at August 2026, Penrith is comparable to the Greater Sydney 2021 Census average (37 years) and 2 years younger than the national Census average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the Penrith SA2?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most over-represented age group in the Penrith SA2 compared to the Greater Sydney region is the 25 - 34 group, making up 21.5% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the Penrith SA2?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most under-represented age group in the Penrith SA2 compared to the Greater Sydney region is the 5 - 14 group, making up 8.5% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
No, the age distribution in the Penrith SA2 is broadly in line with the Greater Sydney region.
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the Penrith SA2?
AreaSearch estimates children aged 0-14 years at 14.1% of the population in the Penrith SA2 as at August 2026.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the Penrith SA2?
AreaSearch estimates people aged 65 and over at 17.2% of the population in the Penrith SA2 as at August 2026.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Penrith

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Oct 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Oct 2026 this month headline measures · Sep 2026 baseline
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Oct 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily Aug 2026 2 months ago all 22 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Aug 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 7 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Sep 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Sep 2026 last month all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 866 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (17,966 at the 2021 Census → 20,735 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (124031464). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

Why can the Penrith SA2 boundary differ from the suburb boundary?
This page uses ABS Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) boundaries for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP). SA2 areas can differ materially from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, even when they share similar names, because they are defined for different purposes and often use different geographic boundaries.
Where does the data on this Penrith page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Penrith data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Aug 2026), property sales & rents (Oct 2026), infrastructure projects (Aug 2026) and services & amenities (Sep 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to Aug 2026), age profile (to Aug 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Sep 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

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