Helensburgh

Suburb (SAL)

Rest of NSW / Wollongong

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Sep 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats SAL11897 How we calculate this
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Suburb (SAL) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.

SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.

Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Helensburgh

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The median house price in Helensburgh is $1.40m, with units at $870k. House values have moved 4.0% a year compounded over five years.

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Helensburgh

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Helensburgh has an estimated 6,689 residents, up from 6,576 at the 2021 Census — a change of 113 people, or 1.7%. That puts 362 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

As of Aug 2026, the population in the suburb of Helensburgh stands at approximately 6,689, derived from AreaSearch evaluation of broader regional ABS demographic updates alongside validated post-Census address additions. Compared to the 2021 Census tally of 6,576 people, this represents an addition of 113 people (1.7%). This shift draws upon an estimated resident population of 6,669 determined by AreaSearch following the release of ABS ERP figures for June 2025, combined with 52 validated new addresses identified after the Census. With a density of 362 persons per square kilometer, the suburb of Helensburgh offers generous individual space and capacity for ongoing development.

Natural increase served as the primary growth driver recently, generating roughly 52.0% of total demographic additions. Projections for the suburb of Helensburgh incorporate ABS/Geoscience Australia SA2 modeling published in 2024 using 2022 as a baseline, supplemented where necessary by NSW State Government SA2 forecasts issued in 2022 from a 2021 baseline. These combined datasets also inform age-specific growth trajectories mapped across 2032 to 2041. Future demographic projections place the suburb of Helensburgh in the lower quartile of growth among Australian regional localities, with aggregated SA2 figures projecting an increase of 222 persons to 2041, which equates to an overall expansion of 3.0% across the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the suburb of Helensburgh?
Total population for the suburb of Helensburgh was estimated to be approximately 6,689 as at Aug 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 6,669 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the suburb of Helensburgh changed since 2021?
The suburb of helensburgh has added approximately 113 people and shown a 1.72% increase from the 6,576 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The population density in the suburb of Helensburgh is estimated at 362 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the suburb of Helensburgh has shown a compound annual growth rate of 0.2% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Population growth in the suburb of Helensburgh is driven by: Natural increase (52.0%), Overseas migration (48.0%), Interstate migration (0.0%). The primary driver is Natural increase, contributing 52.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Helensburgh

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99 new dwellings have been approved in Helensburgh over the past five years, an average of 19 a year. That is 3.4 approvals per 1,000 residents. Of the 22 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 45% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 25, running ahead of that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Building approvals assessed by AreaSearch from ABS statistical area data indicate that Helensburgh has generated roughly 19 residential approvals annually, yielding approximately 99 homes across the last 5 financial years. In FY-25 to date, 25 approvals have been registered. With an average of only 0.4 new residents per year per dwelling constructed across the past 5 financial years (from FY-21 to FY-25), building activity is tracking in line with or ahead of local demand, broadening purchaser options and supporting potential demographic gains beyond current estimates, with projects averaging an expected construction cost of $468,000 per dwelling.

Furthermore, commercial approvals totaling $903,000 have been logged during this financial year, underscoring a development landscape centered primarily on residential construction. Per capita residential approvals in Helensburgh track at roughly half the rate observed across Rest of NSW and sit within the 34th percentile nationally, constraining available purchasing opportunities while bolstering demand for existing properties. This subdued rate relative to national figures highlights the mature nature of the local market and potential planning barriers. Recent dwelling construction is split between 45.0% detached houses and 55.0% medium and high-density formats. This shift toward medium-to-higher density living provides more accessible pricing for first-home buyers, investors, and downsizers. It also represents a clear departure from the prevailing housing stock of 83.0% standalone houses, signaling fewer vacant greenfield sites alongside a growing need for diverse, affordable accommodation options. An estimated ratio of 443 people per building approval highlights the quiet, modest pace of development activity. Looking forward, Helensburgh is projected to add 202 residents through to 2041 relative to the latest quarterly estimate from AreaSearch. Prevailing rates of residential building activity appear well positioned to satisfy demand, fostering supportive market conditions for purchasers and potentially enabling population gains to outstrip existing forecasts.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the suburb of Helensburgh recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the suburb of Helensburgh area has seen 24 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The suburb of Helensburgh's current population of 6,689 has been supported by 19 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh's development activity compare to the broader region?
The suburb of Helensburgh has seen 0.34 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.56 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 442 people in the suburb of Helensburgh, compared to one for every 183 in the broader region.
Is the suburb of Helensburgh keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 202 people by 2041, around 68 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 3.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the suburb of Helensburgh's approval levels have been below the yearly average of 19, indicating a recent decline in approval activity.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The population in the suburb of Helensburgh is expected to grow by 202 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 68 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 3.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Over the past five years, the population in the suburb of Helensburgh has grown by approximately 1,101 people, while 99 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 11.1 people added for each new dwelling approval. This high ratio suggests strong population growth relative to housing supply, potentially indicating unmet housing demand.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the suburb of Helensburgh?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 19 approvals per year and a population of 6,689, the market appears to be adequately supplied relative to projected housing demand in recent years, suggesting that developers should have a longer-term approach when considering new projects. With the population expected to increase by 202 people by 2041, around 68 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 3.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Helensburgh

Development applications around Helensburgh

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SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Helensburgh

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AreaSearch tracks 6 current infrastructure and development projects inside Helensburgh, worth an estimated $22 million. A further 19 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $5.66 billion. 6 are already under construction and 12 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, transport & logistics and environmental & disaster management. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Community performance and development are heavily shaped by strategic planning initiatives, major projects, and local public works. AreaSearch has pinpointed a total of 8 projects positioned to influence the area. Prominent works include the Helensburgh Community Centre and Library, the Vera and Wilson Streets Helensburgh - Storm Damage Repair, the Former Helensburgh Waste Depot Remediation, and the Helensburgh Pool Refurbishment, with the accompanying catalog highlighting the developments of greatest significance.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Helensburgh?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Helensburgh include: Helensburgh Community Centre and Library (Planning); Vera and Wilson Streets Helensburgh - Storm Damage Repair (Approved); Former Helensburgh Waste Depot Remediation (Construction); Helensburgh Pool Refurbishment (Completed); and Creating safer connections to Helensburgh Train Station (Planning). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the suburb of Helensburgh?
Infrastructure development impacting the suburb of Helensburgh spans multiple sectors including Transport & Logistics, Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal, and Environmental & Disaster Management, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the suburb of Helensburgh?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates significant investment of approximately $110 million in infrastructure projects affecting the region.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
The suburb of Helensburgh ranks in the top 10% nationally for infrastructure development, reflecting exceptional investment activity compared to similar areas across the country.
Former Helensburgh Waste Depot Remediation
Category: Environmental & Disaster Management
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Environmental remediation and rehabilitation of the former Helensburgh landfill site. The project involves installing an impervious capping layer, landfill gas management systems, and managing leachate to ensure long-term environmental safety and site stability. Work is conducted in stages following best-practice rehabilitation techniques.

Environmental & Disaster Management

Vera and Wilson Streets Helensburgh - Storm Damage Repair
Category: Environmental & Disaster Management
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Wollongong City Council is restoring Vera Street and Wilson Street, Helensburgh, following significant damage caused by the April 2024 natural storm disaster. Stage 3 works involve permanently restoring the road to its pre-disaster condition. As of February 2026, Council is finalising detailed design and approvals, including concept design sign-off from the funding body, Crown Lands liaison, utility location, and geotechnical investigations. One-way access to the Helensburgh Railway Station car park is maintained. Construction is targeted for completion by late 2026.

Environmental & Disaster Management

Helensburgh Pool Refurbishment
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Helensburgh Pool refurbishment project, completed in February 2026, involved a comprehensive structural and aesthetic overhaul of the 25m and toddler pools. Works included remediation of the pool shell, installation of over 850 protective anodes, full re-tiling, and re-painting. The project delivered Helensburgh's first Changing Places accessible amenities, refurbished male and female change rooms, new shade structures, concourse resurfacing, and improved lighting. These upgrades extend the facility's life by approximately 30 years and significantly enhance accessibility for the local community.

Sports & Recreation

Creating safer connections to Helensburgh Train Station
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Wollongong City Council, with NSW Government funding led by Transport for NSW, is improving safety and access around Helensburgh Train Station. The detailed design includes footpath improvements along Wilsons Creek Road and a new pedestrian refuge island at the intersection of Tunnel Road and Parkes Street, with related station access improvements including upgraded bicycle storage, replacement bicycle racks and new lighting under the broader program.

Transport & Logistics

Camp Gully Headwall Rehabilitation
Category: Environmental & Disaster Management
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2025
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Extensive rehabilitation and repair works to the headwall and surrounds to address damage from natural disasters between 2021 and 2024, improving stormwater management with a more robust structure to handle regular rain and significant storm events.

Environmental & Disaster Management

65-67 Walker Street Mixed-Use Development
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2025
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Mixed-use development including demolition of existing dwellings, excavation works, construction of a building with ground floor commercial tenancy and 17 residential apartments (1 studio, 1 one-bedroom, 10 two-bedroom, 5 three-bedroom) with basement car parking for 36 vehicles.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Heathcote Apartments Development
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Under Assessment | Est. Comp: 0

Redevelopment of former pub site into 168 apartments including 25 affordable units, with retail and commercial spaces.

Residential Development

Hermitage Apartments
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2025
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A boutique development featuring 64 one, two, and three-bedroom apartments with modern amenities, designed to blend with the natural surroundings, offering views of the city, national park, or district. The project has experienced delays due to developer disputes and construction issues, and is approaching completion following receivership appointment.

Residential Development

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Helensburgh

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3,864 residents of Helensburgh are employed, from a labour force of 3,951. Unemployment sits at 2.2%, with participation at 76.2%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.6% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 5,039, about 75% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Helensburgh possesses a capable local labor force featuring substantial representation in essential services, a jobless rate of just 2.2%, and an estimated 2.2% rise in employment over the preceding year according to AreaSearch statistical area aggregations. As of March 2026, employed residents total 3,864, with the local unemployment rate sitting 1.9% below the 4.1% recorded for Regional NSW. Workforce engagement is elevated at 76.2%, considerably higher than the 60.6% seen in Regional NSW. Census records also indicate that 38.2% of local workers performed their duties from home, though this figure was influenced by Covid-19 lockdown measures.

The primary employment sectors for local residents consist of construction, health care & social assistance, and education & training. Construction demonstrates exceptional prominence locally, employing workers at 1.5 times the broader regional rate. Conversely, agriculture, forestry & fishing accounts for only 0.4% of Helensburgh's working residents, well beneath the 5.3% share across Regional NSW. A comparison between Census working population counts and resident labor numbers indicates that local employment opportunities within the boundary remain limited. Analysis of ABS and SALM figures compiled by AreaSearch shows that during the 12 months leading to March 2026, local employment grew by 2.2% while the labor force expanded by 3.0%, resulting in an unemployment rate increase of 0.8 percentage points. In contrast, Regional NSW recorded an employment contraction of 0.9% and a labor force reduction of 0.4%, alongside an increase of 0.5 percentage points in unemployment. National outlooks published by Jobs and Skills Australia in Mar-26 provide additional context regarding forward workforce demand. Across Australia, employment is projected to expand by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, with performance varying widely across sectors. Applying these industry growth trajectories to Helensburgh's workforce distribution suggests local job numbers could rise by 6.6% over five years and 13.5% over ten years, representing a basic weighted extrapolation that does not incorporate local demographic forecasts.

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the suburb of Helensburgh?
As of March 2026, the suburb of Helensburgh has approximately 3,864 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 2.2%. This very low unemployment rate indicates a tight labour market with strong demand for workers. The area ranks in the top 25% nationally for employment performance, indicating a robust job market.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the suburb of Helensburgh stands at 2.2%, which is 1.9 percentage points below Regional NSW's rate of 4.1%. This lower unemployment rate suggests stronger local employment conditions. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The employment landscape in the suburb of Helensburgh is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are construction (14.5% of employment), health care & social assistance (13.7%), and education & training (10.5%). Other significant employers include public administration & safety and professional & technical.
How has employment changed recently in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Over the past year to March 2026, the suburb of Helensburgh has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has rise. By comparison, Regional NSW saw employment decreased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The workforce participation rate in the suburb of Helensburgh is 76.2%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This high participation rate indicates strong workforce engagement and economic vitality. The local rate leading the Regional NSW average of 60.6%, indicating stronger workforce attachment in the local area.
Which industries are over-represented in the suburb of Helensburgh's employment market?
The suburb of helensburgh shows notable specialization in construction, which employs 14.5% of the local workforce compared to 9.7% regionally. This moderate specialization indicates some local strength in the sector. The area also shows above-average employment in 2 other sectors, contributing to a distinctive economic profile.
What are the employment growth prospects for the suburb of Helensburgh?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the suburb of Helensburgh's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 6.6% over the next five years and 13.5% over ten years. This exceeds the national forecast of 6.6% over five years, suggesting the area's industry composition is well-positioned for future growth. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the suburb of Helensburgh compare nationally?
The suburb of helensburgh's employment market shows strong performance nationally, ranking in the top 25% of areas assessed by AreaSearch. This indicates robust employment conditions and economic vitality compared to other regions. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region experienced 1.6% growth, ranking 9.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Skilled workers will find good opportunities in the suburb of Helensburgh, with skilled sectors accounting for 38.6% of employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (13.7%), education & training (10.5%), and professional & technical (8.3%). With projected employment growth of 6.6% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Helensburgh

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Median household income in Helensburgh is $2,490 a week (about $129,000 a year), with median personal income at $981 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $58,576 a year against an average of $76,221. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

According to postcode ATO records aggregated by AreaSearch for financial year 2023, Helensburgh registered a median taxpayer income of $58,576 and an average of $76,221. These figures place the locality well above Regional NSW, which recorded a median of $52,390 and an average of $65,215. Factoring in a 10.32% rise in the Wage Price Index since financial year 2023, updated figures for March 2026 are estimated at approximately $64,621 for median income and $84,087 for average income. Census figures position personal, family, and household earnings between the 77th and 90th percentiles nationally.

The largest earnings band covers 35.8% of residents (2,394 people) making $1,500 - 2,999 weekly, which aligns with metropolitan patterns where 29.9% sit in this bracket. Substantial local affluence is demonstrated by the 37.5% of earners receiving over $3,000 per week, fostering a strong environment for quality retail and service businesses. While housing expenses absorb 15.7% of earnings, solid incomes keep disposable income at the 89th percentile, with the area ranking in the 8th decile on the SEIFA income index.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh is approximately $64,621. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $58,576.
What is the average taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh is approximately $84,087. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $76,221.
How does the median taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh is approximately $64,621 compared to $57,797 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $58,576 and $52,390 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Helensburgh is approximately $84,087 compared to $71,945 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $76,221 and $65,215 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the suburb of Helensburgh according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~35.8% / 2,394 persons) of the suburb of Helensburgh's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the suburb of Helensburgh compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the suburb of Helensburgh is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 35.8% of the population. In comparison, Regional NSW's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 29.9% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the suburb of Helensburgh according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the suburb of Helensburgh is $2,490/wk.
What is the median family income in the suburb of Helensburgh according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the suburb of Helensburgh is $2,718/wk.
What is the median personal income in the suburb of Helensburgh according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the suburb of Helensburgh is $981/wk.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh's income rank nationally?
The suburb of Helensburgh's income level is well above average nationally according to the latest ATO data aggregated by AreaSearch for FY-23. The suburb of Helensburgh's median income among taxpayers is $58,576 and the average income stands at $76,221, which compares to figures for Regional NSW's of $52,390 and $65,215 respectively. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $64,621 (median) and $84,087 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The estimated disposable income in the suburb of Helensburgh is $9,095 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh's disposable income compare to the region?
The suburb of helensburgh's disposable income is $9,095 compared to $5,252 for Regional NSW, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Helensburgh

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Helensburgh had 2,169 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 83% detached houses and 14% apartments. 54% are owned with a mortgage, 15% rented and 31% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $535 a week and the median mortgage repayment $2,500 a month, a total housing cost higher than 91% of areas nationally. Rent absorbs 21.5% of household income here and mortgage repayments 23.2%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

According to the most recent Census, the distribution of dwellings in Helensburgh stood at 82.6% separate houses and 17.4% other formats such as apartments, semi-detached, and alternative dwellings, matching the Regional NSW profile of 82.6% houses and 17.4% other dwellings. Outright ownership in Helensburgh trailed the regional standard at 31.0%, with remaining properties divided between those carrying a mortgage (54.2%) and rentals (14.7%). Typical monthly mortgage costs were elevated at $2,500 compared to $1,733 in Regional NSW, while median weekly rent reached $535 against $330 regionally. On a national scale, mortgage repayments in Helensburgh sit substantially above the Australian average of $1,863, with rental costs likewise exceeding the national benchmark of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the suburb of Helensburgh?
In the suburb of Helensburgh, 31.0% of homes are owned outright, 54.2% are owned with a mortgage, and 14.7% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Helensburgh are houses?
According to the latest data, 82.6% of dwellings in the suburb of Helensburgh are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Helensburgh are apartments or units?
In the suburb of Helensburgh, 14.0% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 2.8% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Outright home ownership in the suburb of Helensburgh stands at 31.0%, compared to 39.6% in Regional NSW.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Helensburgh is $2,500, compared to $1,733 in Regional NSW.
What is the median weekly rent in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The median weekly rent in the suburb of Helensburgh is $535, compared to $330 in Regional NSW.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the suburb of Helensburgh?
In the suburb of Helensburgh, 4.5% of rentals are $0-149/week, 9.9% are $150-349/week, 67.8% are $350-649/week, 16.9% are $650-949/week, and 1.0% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the suburb of Helensburgh is $1,695, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the suburb of Helensburgh?
In the suburb of Helensburgh, households with mortgages typically spend 23.2% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 21.5% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the suburb of Helensburgh is 0.9, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the suburb of Helensburgh compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the suburb of Helensburgh shows mortgage holders spending 23.2% of income on repayments (vs 27.9% regionally), while renters spend 21.5% of income on rent (vs 23.0% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The dwelling mix in the suburb of Helensburgh consists of 82.6% detached houses, 2.8% semi-detached dwellings, 14.0% apartments, and 0.6% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Based on the area's tenure composition, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $1,696. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $2,500/month, and renters paying $2,317/month.
How affordable is housing in the suburb of Helensburgh relative to local incomes?
Housing in Helensburgh consumes approximately 15.7% of median household income ($10,782 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Recent development applications in Helensburgh show attached dwellings contributing 50% of approvals compared to 17% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 50% of applications versus 83% of current dwellings. This suggests increasing densification. Housing density growth is around the national average.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Helensburgh

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Helensburgh counted 2,169 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.9 people each. 49% are couples with children, more than in 94% of areas nationally, against 25% couples without children. 15% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.6 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Family units constitute 84.1% of all households in Helensburgh, with couples with children making up 48.6%, couples without children representing 24.8%, and single parent families accounting for 10.5%. The remaining 15.9% comprises non-family arrangements, including lone person households at 14.5% and group living situations at 1.2%. The typical household size stands at 2.9 people, exceeding the Regional NSW median of 2.4.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the suburb of Helensburgh?
As of the 2021 Census, the suburb of Helensburgh had 2,169 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 1.7% to an estimated 2,206 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the suburb of Helensburgh is 2.9 people. This compares to 2.4 in Regional NSW and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 84.1% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (14.5%), group households (1.2%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 1,824 family households, 48.6% are couples with children, 24.8% are couples without children at home, and 10.5% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Regional NSW, the suburb of Helensburgh shows distinct household patterns. Family households are notably over-represented at 84.1% (versus 68.8% regionally). Conversely, lone person households are under-represented at 14.5% compared to the regional 27.9%. This family-oriented profile influences local demand for family homes, schools, and children's services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the suburb of Helensburgh have an average of 1.6 children, slightly below the Regional NSW average of 1.8. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Marriage patterns reveal 53.8% of the adult population are currently married, while 33.5% have never married. This compares to 45.6% married and 34.3% never married across Regional NSW.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 14.5% of all households in the suburb of Helensburgh, notably lower than the regional average of 27.9%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 1.2% of households, well below the Regional NSW average of 3.3%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Helensburgh

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25.4% of adults in Helensburgh hold a university qualification, including 17.0% with a bachelor degree and 5.5% with postgraduate qualifications, higher than 80% of areas nationally. A further 30.2% hold a vocational qualification. 2 schools serve the area, with 655 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,061 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

Attainment of higher education credentials in Helensburgh sits below wider regional figures, with 25.4% of individuals aged 15+ holding a university degree compared to 33.6% across the SA3 area, presenting avenues for further educational development. Bachelor qualifications represent 17.0% of the adult cohort, while postgraduate qualifications account for 5.5% and graduate diplomas comprise 2.9%. Technical and vocational training is strongly represented, with 42.8% of residents aged 15+ possessing vocational qualifications, consisting of 12.6% with advanced diplomas and 30.2% holding certificates. Engagement in formal study is strong across Helensburgh, where 30.6% of residents are participating in education.

This cohort comprises 10.7% attending primary schools, 8.4% enrolled in secondary schools, and 3.6% undertaking tertiary studies.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the suburb of Helensburgh have university qualifications?
25.4% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Helensburgh have university qualifications, compared to 21.3% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the suburb of Helensburgh have no formal qualifications?
31.8% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Helensburgh have no formal qualifications, compared to 39.1% regionally.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh's education level compare to national averages?
The suburb of helensburgh ranks in the 80th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The most common qualifications in the suburb of Helensburgh are: Certificate (30.2%), Bachelor Degree (17.0%), Advanced Diploma (12.6%).
What proportion of the suburb of Helensburgh's population is currently attending educational institutions?
30.6% of the population in the suburb of Helensburgh is currently engaged in formal education, with 10.7% in primary school, 8.4% in secondary school, 3.6% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the suburb of Helensburgh is 1061, indicating average socio-educational advantage (national average is 1000).
How many schools are located within the suburb of Helensburgh?
There are 2 schools within the suburb of Helensburgh, with a combined enrollment of approximately 655 students.
What types of schools are available in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The suburb of helensburgh includes 2 primary schools.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Helensburgh

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Helensburgh

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Public transport in Helensburgh reaches 78 stops on 17 routes, timetabled for about 1,400 services a week. The typical home sits about 150 m from its nearest stop. Trains carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.8 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

An assessment of passenger transit shows 78 operational transport stops throughout Helensburgh across a network of train and bus services. These points of access are connected by 17 separate routes that deliver 1,407 passenger trips each week. Transit availability is rated as excellent, with typical walking distances of 148 meters to the closest stop. Given its residential orientation, outward commuter travel predominates, with 89% using private vehicles and 5% traveling by train. Household motor vehicle ownership averages 1.8 per dwelling, exceeding the regional benchmark. Working from home was recorded at a substantial 38.2% of residents during the 2021 Census, reflecting pandemic circumstances at that time.

Transit services maintain an average frequency of 201 trips per day across the collective route network, representing approximately 18 weekly trips per transport stop.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Helensburgh?
There are 78 public transport stops within the suburb of Helensburgh.
How frequent are the transport services in Helensburgh?
the suburb of Helensburgh has 1,407 weekly trips across 17 routes, averaging 201 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Helensburgh?
On average, residential properties are 148 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Helensburgh

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71.4% of residents in Helensburgh report no long-term health condition. 4.5% need daily assistance with core activities, and 57.0% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.7 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Health metrics for Helensburgh present an encouraging outlook, with AreaSearch evaluations of mortality and medical diagnoses showing alignment with broader national standards; common conditions remain relatively infrequent across the broader population, though higher rates occur among older, vulnerable cohorts. Private health insurance participation is elevated, covering approximately 57% of the community (~3,815 people), compared to 51.9% throughout Regional NSW. Asthma and mental health conditions are the most prevalent reported ailments, diagnosed in 8.4 and 7.4% of residents, respectively, whereas 71.4% of the population reported no chronic conditions, surpassing the 63.3% figure across Regional NSW.

Health measures for residents under 65 track ahead of national benchmarks. The suburb has 13.8% of its population aged 65 and over (923 people), below the 23.3% share in Regional NSW. Health profiles for senior residents face greater challenges, ranking lower nationally than the general community.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the suburb of Helensburgh have private health insurance?
Around 57.0% of people in the suburb of Helensburgh are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 51.9% in the broader region of Regional NSW.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the suburb of Helensburgh?
In the suburb of Helensburgh, 4.5% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 6.8% of people in Regional NSW require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the suburb of Helensburgh?
8.4% of people in the suburb of Helensburgh are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 8.4% of the population across Regional NSW is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Diabetes affects 3.2% of the the suburb of Helensburgh population, while in the surrounding region, 4.7% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the suburb of Helensburgh?
3.0% of people in the suburb of Helensburgh have heart disease. Across the region of Regional NSW, 4.4% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the suburb of Helensburgh, 57.0% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Regional NSW sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 51.9%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Helensburgh

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Helensburgh is largely Australian-born, at 87.4% of residents, with 4.7% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (31.7%) and English (30.5%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Cultural diversity in Helensburgh ranks below standard averages, with 87.4% of residents born in Australia, 93.2% holding Australian citizenship, and 95.3% speaking solely English at home. Christianity is the predominant faith, followed by 52.2% of the local population. The most distinct relative overrepresentation occurs in Judaism, which accounts for 0.1% of residents, matching the 0.1% proportion observed across Regional NSW. Regarding ancestral background based on parental birthplace, the primary ancestries in Helensburgh are Australian at 31.7%, English at 30.5%, and Irish at 9.5%. Specific variations emerge across other ethnic backgrounds, with Maltese showing overrepresentation at 0.9% locally versus 0.4% regionally, New Zealand heritage at 0.8% versus 0.4%, and Macedonian background accounting for 0.2% compared to 0.4% across the region.

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the suburb of Helensburgh?
Helensburgh was found to be below average in terms of cultural diversity, with 87.4% of its population born in Australia, 93.2% being citizens, and 95.3% speaking English only at home.
What is the most common religion in the suburb of Helensburgh?
The main religion in Helensburgh was found to be Christianity, which makes up 52.2% of people in Helensburgh. However, the most apparent overrepresentation was in Judaism, which comprises 0.1% of the population, compared to 0.1% across Regional NSW.
What are the top countries of origin in the suburb of Helensburgh?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Helensburgh are Australian, comprising 31.7% of the population, English, comprising 30.5% of the population, and Irish, comprising 9.5% of the population. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Maltese is notably overrepresented at 0.9% of Helensburgh (vs 0.4% regionally), New Zealand at 0.8% (vs 0.4%) and Macedonian at 0.2% (vs 0.4%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
12.6% of the the suburb of Helensburgh population was born overseas, compared to 13.0% regionally.
What percentage of the the suburb of Helensburgh population speaks a language other than English at home?
4.7% of the population in the suburb of Helensburgh speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 7.1% in the wider region.
How many people in the suburb of Helensburgh identify as Australian Aboriginal?
2.2% of the the suburb of Helensburgh population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 4.6% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the suburb of Helensburgh?
93.2% of the the suburb of Helensburgh population holds citizenship, compared to 89.2% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Helensburgh

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The median resident of Helensburgh is 38. 23.4% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

Demographically, Helensburgh reflects an established family-oriented locality. Estimates updated to August 2026 show that children and young adults (0 - 24) comprise 35.7% of the community, higher than the 29.3% in Regional NSW, whereas retirees and seniors (65+) represent 13.8% against a regional level of 23.3%. The median age remains steady at an estimated 38, identical to the 2021 Census result and 5 years younger than the Regional NSW benchmark of 43 from that Census. Since the Census, the proportion of seniors and retirees has increased from 12.8% to an estimated 13.8%.

Looking to 2041, the largest numerical gain is anticipated among young to middle-aged adults (25 - 44), projected to expand by 136 residents (8%) to reach 1,842, while mature adult and younger retiree brackets are forecasted to decline.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the suburb of Helensburgh?
AreaSearch estimates the median age in the suburb of Helensburgh at 38 years as at August 2026. That is in line with the 2021 Census figure of 38 years, on an age profile AreaSearch re-estimates for population change recorded since the Census.
How does the suburb of Helensburgh's median age compare to broader areas?
At an estimated 38 years as at August 2026, Helensburgh is 5 years younger than the Regional NSW 2021 Census average (43 years) and equal to the national Census average.
What age groups are over-represented in the suburb of Helensburgh?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most over-represented age group in the suburb of Helensburgh compared to the Regional NSW region is the 5 - 14 group, making up 15.5% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the suburb of Helensburgh?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most under-represented age group in the suburb of Helensburgh compared to the Regional NSW region is the 65 - 74 group, making up 8.0% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the suburb of Helensburgh show significant variance compared to the Regional NSW region. The most under-represented age groups are 85+ year-olds (1.3% vs 2.9%) and 75-84 year-olds (4.5% vs 8.2%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the suburb of Helensburgh?
AreaSearch estimates children aged 0-14 years at 22.8% of the population in the suburb of Helensburgh as at August 2026.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the suburb of Helensburgh?
AreaSearch estimates people aged 65 and over at 13.8% of the population in the suburb of Helensburgh as at August 2026.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Helensburgh

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Sep 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Sep 2026 this month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Sep 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily Apr 2026 5 months ago all 6 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Apr 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 6 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Jul 2026 2 months ago all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 52 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (6,576 at the 2021 Census → 6,689 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL11897). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

How do Helensburgh suburb boundaries differ from Statistical Areas?
This page uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries (suburb-style geography). SAL represents commonly-known suburb names used in addresses, while Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census/statistical reporting. Even when sharing the same name, SAL and SA2 boundaries often cover different geographic areas with different populations.
Where does the data on this Helensburgh page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Helensburgh data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Aug 2026), property sales & rents (Sep 2026), infrastructure projects (Apr 2026) and services & amenities (Jul 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to Aug 2026), age profile (to Aug 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Aug 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

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