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This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.
SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.
Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
2021 Census | -- people
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Caulfield has an estimated 5,914 residents, up from 5,748 at the 2021 Census — a change of 166 people, or 2.9%. That puts 4,023 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
In the suburb of Caulfield, the total population stands at approximately 5,914 as of Aug 2026, according to AreaSearch evaluations combining broader ABS demographic updates with post-Census address verification. This represents an addition of 166 people (2.9%) compared to the 5,748 individuals recorded in the 2021 Census. The updated estimate stems from an ERP figure of 5,863 published by the ABS in June 2025 alongside 99 validated new addresses confirmed following the Census. Land remains an exceptionally prized commodity locally, with population density reaching 4,023 persons per square kilometer—ranking among the nation's top 10% of evaluated areas.
Virtually all recent population expansion has been driven by overseas migration, representing the primary component of net gains. Demographic projections for the suburb of Caulfield incorporate 2024 ABS/Geoscience Australia data configured from a 2022 base year across SA2 boundaries. Where specific coverage is absent, AreaSearch integrates 2023 VIC State Government Regional/LGA figures, weighted and aggregated from local government areas to SA2 divisions, with age-bracket trends extending through 2032 to 2041. Looking ahead, population growth is expected to track above national statistical area medians, expanding by 944 persons to 2041 across aggregated SA2 estimates, which equates to an overall gain of 15.1% across the 16 years.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
247 new dwellings have been approved in Caulfield over the past five years, an average of 49 a year. That is 8.5 approvals per 1,000 residents. Of the 48 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 19% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 6, well below that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
Analysis of ABS building approvals by AreaSearch shows that planning authorities have granted permits for roughly 49 dwellings annually in Caulfield, accumulating to an estimated 247 homes across the previous 5 financial years. During FY-25 to date, 6 approvals have been logged. In the wake of earlier population declines, residential stock has kept pace with local demand to sustain a balanced market with broad selection for purchasers. Developers are focusing on the higher-end sector, with expected construction costs averaging $988,000 per dwelling. Furthermore, commercial approvals have totalled $35.4 million this financial year, pointing to solid commercial commitment.
Per capita residential construction in Caulfield exceeds Greater Melbourne by 53.0%, ensuring good availability for buyers even as the pace of development has tempered in recent times. Attached dwellings dominate recent construction, with townhouses and apartments making up 81.0% of approvals versus 19.0% for detached houses. This emphasis on medium-to-high density housing addresses affordability, attracts first-home buyers, downsizers, and investors, and contrasts sharply with the established stock of 40.0% houses as land availability tightens. Generating one approval per approximately 450 people, the suburb reflects an established, mature residential environment. Longer-term demographic forecasts anticipate Caulfield welcoming 893 residents by 2041 relative to recent quarterly AreaSearch benchmarks. Prevailing rates of residential building activity appear well positioned to accommodate this anticipated intake, creating favorable market conditions and potentially supporting population growth in excess of baseline expectations.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Caulfield
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 4 current infrastructure and development projects inside Caulfield, worth an estimated $171 million. A further 104 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $43.3 billion. 23 are already under construction and 30 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, sports & recreation and transport & logistics. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Local capital works, major developments, and urban planning initiatives play a decisive role in shaping community outcomes. AreaSearch has pinpointed 9 prominent infrastructure projects influencing the locality, among which key undertakings comprise the Former ABC Elsternwick Studio Site (8 Gordon Street), Elsternwick Cultural Precinct, Elsternwick Structure Plan Implementation, and Fabric Residential Development.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Elsternwick Cultural Precinct
Council-led upgrade of Selwyn Street into a pedestrian-focused cultural precinct connecting the Jewish Holocaust Museum, the future Jewish Arts Quarter and nearby venues. Works include slow-speed street treatments, wider footpaths, lighting, planting, public art and a central civic space for events. Council has deferred detailed design to 2028/29 and construction to 2029/30, subject to annual budget decisions, to avoid clashes with major builds at 7 and 10-16 Selwyn Street.
Elsternwick Gardens (Former ABC Studios)
Redevelopment of the former ABC Studios site into the Elsternwick Gardens mixed-use neighbourhood by Milieu and Besen. The approved project comprises six residential buildings with up to 180 apartments following a 2025 amendment, food and drink premises, extensive landscaped gardens, public open space, retention and relocation of the historic broadcast tower, and direct integration with the neighbouring Rippon Lea Estate.
Elsternwick Structure Plan Implementation
Implementation of the Elsternwick Structure Plan focusing on sustainable urban development, improved public spaces, enhanced transport connectivity, and balanced residential and commercial growth in the Elsternwick activity centre.
Olive Green
Contemporary residential development at 380 Hawthorn Road featuring 44 high-end apartments ranging from 2-3 bedrooms with integrated study nooks, secure basement parking, and communal rooftop terrace with 270-degree Melbourne views. Designed by Freeman Group with emphasis on natural light, thermal efficiency and modern living.
The Parker on Caulfield Park
Boutique seven-level luxury apartment building directly opposite Caulfield Park in Caulfield North. Rebranded as The Parker on Caulfield Park, the project has been redesigned by Powell and Glenn Architects within the approved building envelope, reducing the dwelling count from 30 to 20 residences to deliver larger, higher-specification apartments. The development features park and city views, concierge, gym, sauna, steam room, residents lounge, and basement parking with number plate recognition. Pre-sales launched October 2025 with construction commencing early 2026 and completion targeted for 2027.
Fabric Residential Development
A collection of 50 luxury apartments designed by Cera Stribley, featuring sustainable design, high energy ratings, EV ready, and premium finishes. Located on Glen Huntly Road, offering convenient access to local amenities and public transport. Incorporates biophilic design with lush private terraces, communal gardens, integrated planting, rooftop edible garden beds, and beehives. Architectural style includes symmetrical proportions with a pale brick facade and tinted glazing.
LUMA - 226 Hawthorn Road
Limited collection of 9 premium 2 and 3-bedroom residences designed by Metaxas Architects. Construction has commenced with estimated completion late 2026. Located near prestigious Caulfield Park precinct with seamless access to schools, cafes, restaurants, parklands and transport links.
Olive Green
Boutique 5-level development of 44 two and three bedroom apartments with ground floor retail, secure basement parking and a communal rooftop terrace. Led by Freeman Group with Balmain & Co as builder. Construction is underway with completion targeted for late 2026.
3,113 residents of Caulfield are employed, from a labour force of 3,268. Unemployment sits at 4.7%, with participation at 65.0%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 7.3% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
According to aggregated statistical area data from AreaSearch, Caulfield features a highly qualified labor pool with a substantial presence in professional services and an unemployment rate of 4.7%. As of March 2026, employed locals number 3,113. While the local jobless rate closely mirrors the Greater Melbourne figure of 4.8%, labor participation is considerably lower at 65.0% compared to 70.1% regionally. Census returns indicated that 45.6% of workers operated from home, a metric influenced by Covid-19 restrictions. The primary employment sectors for local residents are professional & technical services, health care & social assistance, and education & training.
Professional & technical roles demonstrate significant concentration, claiming an employment share 1.5 times the wider metropolitan proportion. In contrast, construction accounts for 5.7% of the resident workforce, below the regional benchmark of 9.7%. Comparing the number of working residents to local job positions indicates that a large share of the community travels outside the area for employment. Analysis of SALM and ABS data, drawn from larger statistical regions, indicates that the labour force in Caulfield shrank by 1.3% during the year to March 2026, matching a 1.3% drop in employment and leaving the unemployment rate largely unchanged. Meanwhile, Greater Melbourne saw employment grow by 2.1% and the labour force expand by 2.3%, accompanied by a 0.2 percentage point increase in unemployment. Jobs and Skills Australia's national employment forecasts from Mar-26 provide additional context for anticipating future job demand in Caulfield. These forecasts span five and ten year horizons and have been aligned with Caulfield's current employment structure to project growth trajectories. Over five years, national employment is projected to rise by 6.6%, while a ten year outlook shows a 13.7% increase. However, expansion varies considerably across different industry sectors. When these sectoral growth rates are applied to Caulfield's employment composition, local employment is estimated to grow by 7.3% over five years and by 14.7% over ten years, though this is a basic weighted extrapolation intended for illustration and does not incorporate localized population forecasts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Caulfield is $2,143 a week (about $111,000 a year), with median personal income at $978 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $59,575 a year against an average of $95,119. The average runs 60% above the median, a wider spread than most areas and a sign of a concentrated group of high earners. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
Subunit ATO figures compiled by AreaSearch for financial year 2023 place personal earnings in the suburb of Caulfield among the top tiers nationwide, registering a median of $59,575 and an average of $95,119. These compare favourably against Greater Melbourne, where the median is $57,688 and the average is $75,164. Factoring in Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since financial year 2023, updated figures as of March 2026 reach roughly $65,306 (median) and $104,269 (average). In the 2021 Census, individual, household, and family incomes all ranked between the 74th and 76th percentiles across Australia.
A bracket of $1,500 - 2,999 captures 29.0% of local earners (1,715 people), aligning with the regional share of 32.8%. Local wealth is further highlighted by the 35.3% of earners receiving over $3,000 per week, bolstering the local retail and service sector. Housing costs consume 14.9% of income, resident disposable income ranks in the 76th percentile, and the suburb falls in the 9th decile on the SEIFA index.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Caulfield had 2,145 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 40% detached houses and 22% apartments. 29% are owned with a mortgage, 33% rented and 39% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $475 a week and the median mortgage repayment $2,500 a month. Rent absorbs 22.2% of household income here and mortgage repayments 26.9%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
According to the latest Census, residential properties in Caulfield consist of 39.9% houses and 60.1% other dwellings including apartments and semi-detached residences, differing from the Melbourne metro distribution of 67.9% houses and 32.1% other dwelling types. Full home ownership in the suburb reached 38.7%, notably exceeding the metropolitan rate, while 28.5% of homes are mortgaged and 32.8% are rented. Median monthly home loan repayments sit at $2,500, outstripping the Melbourne metro benchmark of $2,000 and the Australian average of $1,863. Similarly, median weekly rents of $475 compare with $390 across metropolitan Melbourne and $375 nationally.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Caulfield counted 2,145 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.4 people each. 30% are couples with children, against 28% couples without children. 27% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.4 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Families constitute the vast majority of local domestic arrangements at 68.3%, comprised of couple families with children (29.8%), couples without children (28.3%), and single parent households (8.4%). The remaining 31.7% are non-family households, including single-person living arrangements at 26.7% and group households at 5.2%. Across all households, the median size is 2.4 persons, slightly lower than the Greater Melbourne figure of 2.6.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
52.5% of adults in Caulfield hold a university qualification, including 35.9% with a bachelor degree and 12.0% with postgraduate qualifications, higher than 99% of areas nationally. A further 9.4% hold a vocational qualification. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census.
Detail
Academic credentials in Caulfield are exceptionally high, with 52.5% of residents aged 15+ possessing higher education degrees, surpassing the national rate of 30.4% and the VIC benchmark of 33.4%. Among degree holders, Bachelor qualifications account for 35.9%, postgraduate degrees represent 12.0%, and graduate diplomas make up 4.6%. Vocational education covers 20.5% of residents aged 15+, divided into advanced diplomas (11.1%) and certificates (9.4%). Formal study engagement is substantial across Caulfield, with 29.2% of the population actively enrolled in an educational program. Broken down by stage, 8.3% attend tertiary institutions, 8.1% are in primary school, and 7.4% are engaged in secondary education.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in Caulfield reaches 27 stops on 5 routes, timetabled for about 2,100 services a week. The typical home sits about 170 m from its nearest stop. Trams carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.2 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
Within Caulfield, public transit infrastructure features 27 operational stops offering bus and light rail connectivity across 5 distinct routes, delivering 2,076 weekly trips. Public transport convenience is high, with an average distance of 166 meters from households to the nearest stop. The suburb functions primarily as a commuter base, with 78% of workers travelling by car and 10% utilizing the train network. Vehicle ownership stands at 1.2 vehicles per dwelling on average, while 45.6% of residents reported working from home during the 2021 Census under pandemic-related conditions. Transit schedules provide an average of 296 daily services across all networks, translating to around 76 weekly trips per stop location.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
69.4% of residents in Caulfield report no long-term health condition. 9.3% need daily assistance with core activities, and 64.3% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.5 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
Health assessments by AreaSearch based on mortality and chronic illness incidence show positive health outcomes overall across Caulfield. While general condition rates remain low, higher incidence is apparent among older, vulnerable residents. Private healthcare participation is remarkably elevated, covering roughly 64% of the community (3,801 people), exceeding the Greater Melbourne level of 56.7% and the national figure of 55.7%. Mental health concerns and arthritis represent the primary diagnosed medical conditions in the suburb, affecting 9.5 and 6.2% of residents respectively, while 69.4% report no chronic ailments (compared with 72.6% for Greater Melbourne).
Health outcomes are particularly strong among working-age demographics. Residents aged 65 and over account for 23.7% of the populace (1,401 people), above the 15.1% regional benchmark, with senior cohorts facing comparatively greater health hurdles and ranking lower nationally than younger local groups.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
42.1% of Caulfield residents were born overseas and 30.9% speak a language other than English at home, more culturally diverse than 81% of areas nationally. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (17.3%) and English (14.7%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Caulfield exhibits notable multicultural and religious diversity, with 30.9% of residents using a language other than English at home and 42.1% born outside Australia. Judaism is the dominant religious affiliation, representing 44.5% of the local population in contrast to 1.0% across Greater Melbourne. In terms of ancestral heritage based on parents' birthplace, the largest group in Caulfield is Other at 22.4% (against 14.6% regionally), followed by Australian at 17.3% and English at 14.7% (compared to 20.1% across the region). Specific international ancestries show marked overrepresentation, including Polish at 6.7% (versus 0.8% across Greater Melbourne), Russian at 4.3% (versus 0.4%), and South Australian at 3.9% (versus 0.4%).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Caulfield is 41. That is 1 year younger than at the 2021 Census. 28.5% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The demographic structure in the suburb of Caulfield is heavily oriented towards mature and lifestyle residents. AreaSearch estimates for August 2026 indicate that 23.7% of residents belong to retiree and senior age groups (65+), compared with 15.1% across Greater Melbourne, while residents aged 25 - 44 represent 27.4% (versus 32.1% regionally). The median age is estimated at 41, down from 42 at the 2021 Census, yet 4 years older than the Greater Melbourne median of 37 at that time. The 25 - 44 age cohort expanded from 26.1% at the Census to an estimated 27.4%.
Conversely, the 65 to 74 group decreased from 12.5% to an estimated 10.4% while the 75 to 84 bracket grew from 7.0% to 9.0%, with no balancing influx of younger demographics. Senior cohorts are projected to experience the highest numeric growth by 2041, increasing by 483 (34%) to 1,885.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Caulfield
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Oct 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Oct 2026 this month headline measures · Sep 2026 baseline |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Oct 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | Jun 2026 4 months ago all 4 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Jun 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 7 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Sep 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Sep 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 99 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (5,748 at the 2021 Census → 5,914 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL20521). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.