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The Waterloo Statistical Area (Lv2) is located 3.9 kilometres south from Sydney CBD. Its population is approximately 18,767 as of Aug 2026, up by 2,388 people (14.6%) from the 2021 Census count of 16,379 people. This change reflects an estimated resident population (ERP) of 18,631 from the ABS as of June 2025 and 210 validated new addresses since the Census date. Waterloo’s population density and growth drivers are well above average, placing its growth among the top 10% nationally. The area is a dense, highly active development location, with population growth and development activity well above average.
Waterloo is shaped by young professionals and a high proportion of young adults and working-age residents, alongside many lone-person and group households. It is highly culturally diverse, with a high share of residents born overseas, and has an above-average renting population. Its energetic community and mix of older and newer architecture are complemented by cafes, dining and shopping destinations, galleries, public art, parks and recreational spaces.
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The analysis, national rankings and who lives there.
About Waterloo
The Waterloo Statistical Area (Lv2) is located 3.9 kilometres south from Sydney CBD. Its population is approximately 18,767 as of Aug 2026, up by 2,388 people (14.6%) from the 2021 Census count of 16,379 people. This change reflects an estimated resident population (ERP) of 18,631 from the ABS as of June 2025 and 210 validated new addresses since the Census date. Waterloo’s population density and growth drivers are well above average, placing its growth among the top 10% nationally. The area is a dense, highly active development location, with population growth and development activity well above average.
Waterloo is shaped by young professionals and a high proportion of young adults and working-age residents, alongside many lone-person and group households. It is highly culturally diverse, with a high share of residents born overseas, and has an above-average renting population. Its energetic community and mix of older and newer architecture are complemented by cafes, dining and shopping destinations, galleries, public art, parks and recreational spaces.
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Estimated resident population by year (ABS, not Census counts): 5,384 in 2001 and 18,631 in 2025. The dashed segment ends at the AreaSearch estimate for Aug 2026: 18,767 (ABS June 2025 base).
Each bar and spoke is a national percentile; the dashed ring is the typical area. 99th = higher than 99 in every 100 neighbourhood-sized areas across Australia (ABS SA2 areas). Higher means more of the measure, not necessarily better. Orange marks the top three measures where a higher percentile is better; not Age, Housing or Housing Cost.
Waterloo lies within the top 9% of areas nationally in terms of population growth performance according to AreaSearch analysis of short and medium-term trends.
Income metrics indicate excellent economic conditions, with the area achieving higher performance than 76% of national locations assessed by AreaSearch.
Why Waterloo stands out
Driven by young professionals
Population density and growth drivers well above average
Development activity and population drivers well above average
A dense and highly active development area
High population level born overseas
Above-average renting population
02Market and pipeline
Rents, sale prices and what is being built.
Rents, prices and yield in Waterloo
The median rent in Waterloo is $968 a week, up 3.2% over 12 months to Jun 2026 and 23% above Greater Sydney. The gross rental yield across all dwellings is 5.3%.
Lodged-bond median rent a week, with the area's own change on a year ago, to Jun 2026.
Waterloo$968+3.2%
Sydney Inner City$884+5.9%
Greater Sydney$789+5.3%
NSW$715+5.6%
23% above Greater Sydney on median weekly rent
Median rent
$968 a week
Lodged-bond median (to Jun 2026), +3.2% over 12 months
Gross yield
5.3%
All dwellings
Median house price, 2026 to date
$1.65m
Median unit price, 2026 to date
$900k
Rent by dwelling type
Median weekly rent by year, lodged bonds. Houses (solid line): $695 in 2017, $1,034 in 2026; Units (dashed orange line): $654 in 2017, $968 in 2026. The latest is to Jun 2026.
Some rents are estimated from nearby areas.
Yield is indicative: rents and sales come from different property pools.
Latest recorded sales in Waterloo
Address
Sale price
Settled
Address type
21/22 Crystal Street, Waterloo NSW 2017
$1,150,000
8 Oct 2026
Unit
31/110 Wellington Street, Waterloo NSW 2017
$850,000
8 Oct 2026
Unit
6701/21 Tung Hop Street, Waterloo NSW 2017
$1,240,000
7 Oct 2026
Unit
411/810 Elizabeth Street, Waterloo NSW 2017
$1,170,000
6 Oct 2026
Unit
326/349 George Street, Waterloo NSW 2017
$1,100,000
6 Oct 2026
Unit
305/20 Dunkerley Place, Waterloo NSW 2017
$757,000
6 Oct 2026
Unit
305/19 Dunkerley Place, Waterloo NSW 2017
$1,200,000
30 Sep 2026
Unit
7/6 Archibald Avenue, Waterloo NSW 2017
$870,000
28 Sep 2026
Unit
507/23 Archibald Avenue, Waterloo NSW 2017
$626,500
28 Sep 2026
Unit
428/2 Allen Street, Waterloo NSW 2017
$955,000
25 Sep 2026
Unit
The 10 most recent of the 50 residential sales recorded since 12 Aug 2026 (the latest settled 8 Oct 2026), newest first. The median of these 50, houses and units together, was $860,000 (a different set from the medians above). Source: NSW Valuer General / AreaSearch, to October 2026. Commercial, vacant land and nominal sales are left out. Unit means the address has a unit number; a street address has none.
Est. value $950M · completion 2029 · Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
The Waterloo Metro Quarter, marketed by the developer as Waterloo Collective, is a 900 million dollar mixed-use over-station development being delivered by a Mirvac and John Holland joint venture in partnership with the NSW Government.
A large-scale mixed-use urban precinct by DASCO on a 1.7-hectare former industrial site at the corner of Bourke, Young, and McEvoy Streets in Waterloo. The development delivers 373 apartments across six buildings ranging from 6 to 20 storeys, designed by Bates Smart, MHNDU, Richards and Spence, and Fieldwork.
Construction
207 Young Street Waterloo
Est. value $850M · completion 2028 · Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Mixed-use build-to-rent precinct on the corner of Danks and Young Street delivering about 400 rental apartments and ~2,500 sqm of retail. Part of the Danks Street precinct revival, close to Green Square Station and the future Waterloo Metro.
Construction
Atlassian Central
Est. value $1.5B · completion 2026 · Business Parks & Technology Hubs
Atlassian Central is a 39-storey hybrid timber and concrete office tower at 8-10 Lee Street, Haymarket, beside Central Station in the NSW Government's Tech Central precinct. Designed by SHoP Architects and BVN and built by a Built and Obayashi joint venture for Dexus and Atlassian, it began construction in August 2022.
Est. value $3.9B · completion 2027 · Transport & Logistics
The Mariyung Fleet is a new double-deck electric intercity fleet replacing the ageing V-set and Oscar trains in NSW. Built by the RailConnect NSW consortium of UGL, Hyundai Rotem and Mitsubishi Electric Australia, the trains feature 2x2 seating, charging ports, luggage, pram and bicycle spaces, and accessible toilets.
Est. value $13.0B · completion 2031 · Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Green Square Town Centre is a major urban renewal project transforming a 278 hectare former industrial area into a high-density mixed-use precinct set to accommodate around 61,000 residents and 21,000 jobs by 2030.
Est. value $2.0B · completion 2027 · Precincts & Urban Renewal
A $2 billion transformative mixed-use redevelopment of the former Harbourside Shopping Centre at Darling Harbour, delivered as a 50/50 joint venture between Mirvac and Mitsubishi Estate Co.
Waterloo South is the first stage of the Waterloo Renewal Project, a major mixed-tenure urban renewal program on Gadigal Land in inner Sydney. The Concept State Significant Development Application and concurrent rezoning (SSD-93222706) propose around 3,300 new homes, including 50% social and affordable housing, plus upgraded parks, community facilities…
Construction
Erskineville Village
Est. value $2.0B · completion 2027 · Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
A $2 billion urban renewal masterplan transforming a former industrial site into a vibrant mixed-use precinct by Coronation Property. The development features approximately 1,000 residences across Build-to-Rent and Build-to-Sell stages, alongside public green spaces including the McPherson Park and Kooka Walk pedestrian boulevard.
Est. value $3.0B · completion 2028 · Commercial & Industrial
Central Place Sydney is a $3 billion commercial and urban regeneration development by Dexus and Frasers Property Australia adjacent to Sydney's Central Station. The project comprises two 35 and 37-storey office towers and an 8-storey connector building, supplying more than 130,000 sqm of sustainable workspace and tech-focused office accommodation.
Est. value $45M · completion 2028 · Residential Development
A 264-apartment affordable housing development by City West Housing located at 330-332 Botany Road, Alexandria within the Green Square Town Centre. All units are dedicated to affordable rental housing in perpetuity. Features an all-electric building design with solar PV panels and 3-bedroom family units on lower floors.
Est. value $230M · completion 2028 · Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
A landmark inner-city urban renewal precinct on a 1.1 hectare site opposite Redfern Oval, set to deliver around 355 new homes across four buildings (ranging from approximately 4 to 16 storeys).
Projects around Waterloo
Images marked AI impression are illustrative only and not photographs of the project; follow the project links for actual imagery. Original imagery? Contact us.
Estimated completion year of the 79 projects in and around the area that are not yet completed and have one: 2025 11, 2026 18, 2027 15, 2028 16, 2029 8, 2030 5, 2031 3, 2032 1, 2033 0, 2034 0, 2035 0, 2036 2. 48 have no completion year.
Development applications
AreaSearch has tracked 120 substantial development applications lodged in and around Waterloo over the past 5 years, 60 in the last 12 months; 17 are recorded as under assessment. Coverage varies by council.
Tracked applications by year
Applications per year (dashed: part year): 2021 (part year) 2, 2022 9, 2023 10, 2024 12, 2025 31, 2026 (to Oct) 56.
Tracked by AreaSearch, in and around the area, last 5 years
Tracked, last 12 months
60
Tracked by AreaSearch, in and around the area
ABS building approvals
15.4 per 1,000 people
ABS building approvals
92nd percentile nationally
Average approvals a year
270
ABS building approvals
95th percentile nationally
Applications approved
53
Tracked by AreaSearch, in and around the area, last 5 years
Applications under assessment
17
Tracked by AreaSearch, in and around the area, last 5 years
Questions about infrastructure in Waterloo
What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Waterloo SA2?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Waterloo SA2 include: Danks Street District (Construction); Waterloo Metro Quarter (Waterloo Collective) (Construction); 207 Young Street Waterloo (Construction); Green Square Town Centre (Construction); and Waterloo Renewal Project - Waterloo South (Under Assessment). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the Waterloo SA2?
Infrastructure development impacting the Waterloo SA2 spans multiple sectors including Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal, Residential Development, and Transport & Logistics, among others.
Development in Waterloo
AreaSearch's development drivers ranking positions Waterloo among the top 11% of areas assessed nationwide.
Questions about development in Waterloo
How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the Waterloo SA2 recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the Waterloo SA2 area has seen 798 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The Waterloo SA2's current population of 18,767 has been supported by 270 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the Waterloo SA2's development activity compare to Greater Sydney?
The Waterloo SA2 has seen 15.4 approvals per 1,000 people in recent years, compared to 6.2 approvals in Greater Sydney. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 46 people in the Waterloo SA2, compared to one for every 165 in Greater Sydney.
What is the outlook for development in Waterloo?
The long-run outlook for development is part of AreaSearch Operator and Pro. Log in to see the forecast detail in Full.
Show all 5 questionsShow fewerWhat has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the Waterloo SA2?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the Waterloo SA2's approval levels have been significantly above the yearly average of 270, indicating strong recent growth in development activity.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the Waterloo SA2?
Over the past five years, the population in the Waterloo SA2 has grown by approximately 1,770 people, while 1,349 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 1.3 people added for each new dwelling approval. This suggests a balanced relationship between population growth and housing supply.
03People
Population, age, income, work, education and more.
99th = higher than 99 in every 100 neighbourhood-sized areas across Australia (ABS SA2 areas). Higher means more of the measure, not necessarily better.
Population in Waterloo
Data: Aug 2026 estimate, from the ABS June 2025 base
Waterloo lies within the top 9% of areas nationally in terms of population growth performance according to AreaSearch analysis of short and medium-term trends.
Population in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Population
18,767
AreaSearch estimate, Aug 2026, from the ABS June 2025 base
Growth since 2021 Census
+14.6%
AreaSearch estimate, Aug 2026, against the 2021 Census
82nd percentile nationally
Population density
16,551 per km²
AreaSearch estimate, Aug 2026, from the ABS June 2025 base
99th percentile nationally
Average yearly growth, 2020 to 2025
+2.0%
ABS estimated resident population series to June 2025
Average yearly growth, 2015 to 2025
+2.5%
ABS estimated resident population series to June 2025
Show 5 more population figuresShow fewer
Population in Waterloo: key figures, continued
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Population at the 2021 Census
16,379
2021 Census
Residents added since the 2021 Census
2,388
AreaSearch estimate, Aug 2026, against the 2021 Census
Average yearly growth, 2022 to 2025
+3.1%
ABS estimated resident population series to June 2025
Population growth, 2024 to 2025
+1.9%
ABS estimated resident population series to June 2025
Land area
1.13 km²
AreaSearch boundary analysis
Questions about population in Waterloo
What is the latest population estimate for the Waterloo SA2?
Total population for the Waterloo SA2 was estimated to be approximately 18,767 as at Aug 2026. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 18,631 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the Waterloo SA2 changed since 2021?
The waterloo sa2 has added approximately 2,388 people and shown a 14.58% increase from the 16,379 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the Waterloo SA2?
The population density in the Waterloo SA2 is estimated at 16,608 persons per square kilometre based on the latest population estimate.
Show all 5 questionsShow fewerHow much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the Waterloo SA2?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the Waterloo SA2 has shown a compound annual growth rate of 2.5% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the Waterloo SA2?
Population growth in the Waterloo SA2 is driven by: Overseas migration (93.6%), Natural increase (6.4%), Interstate migration (0.0%). The primary driver is Overseas migration, contributing 93.6% of overall population gains.
Age in Waterloo
Data: Aug 2026 estimate, from the ABS June 2025 base
Waterloo's young demographic places it in the bottom 12% of areas nationwide.
Age in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Median age
33 years
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
12th percentile nationally
Aged 65 and over
10.4%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Children under 15
7.4%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 15 to 34
47.2%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 25 to 64
67.6%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Show 11 more age figuresShow fewer
Age in Waterloo: key figures, continued
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Median age at the 2021 Census
33 years
2021 Census
Aged 0 to 4
3.6%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 5 to 14
3.9%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 15 to 24
14.6%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 25 to 34
32.7%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 35 to 44
20.2%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 45 to 54
8.2%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 55 to 64
6.6%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 65 to 74
5.4%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 75 to 84
3.3%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Aged 85 and over
1.8%
ABS estimated resident population age profile (June 2025), scaled to the Aug 2026 AreaSearch estimate
Questions about age in Waterloo
What is the median age in the Waterloo SA2?
AreaSearch estimates the median age in the Waterloo SA2 at 33 years as at August 2026. That is in line with the 2021 Census figure of 33 years, on an age profile AreaSearch re-estimates for population change recorded since the Census.
How does the Waterloo SA2's median age compare to Greater Sydney and Australia?
At an estimated 33 years as at August 2026, Waterloo is 4 years younger than the Greater Sydney 2021 Census average (37 years) and 5 years younger than the national Census average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the Waterloo SA2?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most over-represented age group in the Waterloo SA2 compared to the Greater Sydney region is the 25 - 34 group, making up 32.6% of the population.
Show all 7 questionsShow fewerWhat age groups are under-represented in the Waterloo SA2?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most under-represented age group in the Waterloo SA2 compared to the Greater Sydney region is the 5 - 14 group, making up 3.9% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the Waterloo SA2 show significant variance compared to Greater Sydney. The most over-represented age group is 25-34 year-olds (32.6% vs 16.2%). The most under-represented age groups are 5-14 year-olds (3.9% vs 11.8%) and 75-84 year-olds (3.3% vs 5.3%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the Waterloo SA2?
AreaSearch estimates children aged 0-14 years at 7.4% of the population in the Waterloo SA2 as at August 2026.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the Waterloo SA2?
AreaSearch estimates people aged 65 and over at 10.4% of the population in the Waterloo SA2 as at August 2026.
Income in Waterloo
Data: ATO FY 2024 and 2021 Census
Income metrics indicate excellent economic conditions, with the area achieving higher performance than 76% of national locations assessed by AreaSearch.
Income in Waterloo: key figures from ATO taxation data (annual)
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Median taxable income (ATO)
$66,476 a year
ATO FY-24, annual
76th percentile nationally
Average taxable income
$85,277 a year
ATO FY-24, annual
Income in Waterloo: key figures from the 2021 Census (weekly income)
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Census household income / week
$2,028
2021 Census, weekly
67th percentile nationally
Census personal income / week
$1,172
2021 Census, weekly
89th percentile nationally
High-income households
30.7%
2021 Census
Census family income / week
$2,699
2021 Census, weekly
Low-income households
26.8%
2021 Census
Questions about income in Waterloo
What is the median taxable income in the Waterloo SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to June 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Waterloo SA2 is approximately $70,717. The official ATO data from FY-24 recorded a median of $66,476.
What is the average taxable income in the Waterloo SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to June 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Waterloo SA2 is approximately $90,718. The official ATO data from FY-24 recorded an average of $85,277.
How does the median taxable income in the Waterloo SA2 compare to Greater Sydney?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to June 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Waterloo SA2 is approximately $70,717 compared to $67,214 in Greater Sydney. The official ATO data from FY-24 shows $66,476 and $63,183 respectively.
Show all 12 questionsShow fewerHow does the average taxable income in the Waterloo SA2 compare to Greater Sydney?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to June 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Waterloo SA2 is approximately $90,718 compared to $92,214 in Greater Sydney. The official ATO data from FY-24 shows $85,277 and $86,684 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the Waterloo SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the weekly household income bracket containing the largest proportion of the Waterloo SA2's households (~29.8% / 2,398 households) is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the Waterloo SA2 compare to Greater Sydney?
The largest weekly household income cohort in the Waterloo SA2 is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 29.8% of households. In comparison, Greater Sydney's largest household income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 30.9% of its households, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the Waterloo SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the Waterloo SA2 is $2,028/wk.
What is the median family income in the Waterloo SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the Waterloo SA2 is $2,699/wk.
What is the median personal income in the Waterloo SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the Waterloo SA2 is $1,172/wk.
How does the Waterloo SA2's income rank nationally?
The Waterloo SA2 shows a median taxpayer income of $66,476 and an average of $85,277 according to the latest postcode level ATO data aggregated by AreaSearch for FY-24. This is among the highest in Australia, contrasting with Greater Sydney's median income of $63,183 and average income of $86,684. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 6.38% since FY-24, current estimates would be approximately $70,717 (median) and $90,718 (average) as of June 2026.
What is the disposable income in the Waterloo SA2?
The estimated disposable income in the Waterloo SA2 is $6,599 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the Waterloo SA2's disposable income compare to Greater Sydney?
The waterloo sa2's disposable income is $6,599 compared to $7,412 for Greater Sydney, based on AreaSearch analysis.
Employment in Waterloo
Waterloo shows employment indicators that trail behind approximately 70% of regions assessed across Australia.
Employment in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Unemployment rate
7.5%
ABS and DEWR labour data, compiled by AreaSearch
Workforce participation
67.8%
ABS and DEWR labour data, compiled by AreaSearch
Employed residents
11,014
ABS and DEWR labour data, compiled by AreaSearch
Daytime population
16,073
AreaSearch estimate of residents and workers present on a weekday
Labour force
11,906
ABS and DEWR labour data, compiled by AreaSearch
Questions about employment in Waterloo
What is the employment situation in the Waterloo SA2?
As of June 2026, the Waterloo SA2 has approximately 11,014 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 7.5%. The elevated unemployment rate suggests challenging labour market conditions. The area faces employment challenges compared to other regions nationally.
How does the Waterloo SA2's unemployment rate compare to Greater Sydney?
As of June 2026, the unemployment rate in the Waterloo SA2 stands at 7.5%, which is 3.3 percentage points above Greater Sydney's rate of 4.2%. This higher unemployment rate may indicate local labour market challenges. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the Waterloo SA2?
The employment landscape in the Waterloo SA2 is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are professional & technical (19.3% of employment), finance & insurance (10.3%), and health care & social assistance (9.6%). Other significant employers include retail trade and education & training.
Show all 8 questionsShow fewerHow has employment changed recently in the Waterloo SA2?
Over the past year to June 2026, the Waterloo SA2 has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has fallen. By comparison, Greater Sydney saw employment increased and its unemployment rate dropped.
What is the workforce participation rate in the Waterloo SA2?
The workforce participation rate in the Waterloo SA2 is 67.8%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate trailing the Greater Sydney average of 68.9%, showing similar workforce dynamics to Greater Sydney.
Which industries are over-represented in the Waterloo SA2's employment market?
The waterloo sa2 shows notable specialisation in professional & technical, which employs 19.3% of the local workforce compared to 11.5% across Greater Sydney. This concentration suggests the area has developed competitive advantages in this sector. The area also shows above-average employment in 2 other sectors, contributing to a distinctive economic profile.
What is the outlook for employment in Waterloo?
The long-run outlook for employment is part of AreaSearch Operator and Pro. Log in to see the forecast detail in Full.
How does the job market in the Waterloo SA2 compare nationally?
The waterloo sa2's employment market shows weaker performance compared to most areas nationally. This suggests the need for targeted economic development initiatives. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region saw a 3.8% decline, ranking 32nd out of 37 regions nationally.
Education in Waterloo
Data: 2021 Census
Education in Waterloo: university qualifications 56.1%, school advantage index (ICSEA) 895.
Education in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Bachelor qualifications
36.6%
2021 Census
96th percentile nationally
Postgraduate qualifications
16.7%
2021 Census
92nd percentile nationally
University qualifications
56.1%
2021 Census
Vocational qualifications
10.8%
2021 Census
9th percentile nationally
Graduate diploma or certificate
2.8%
2021 Census
61st percentile nationally
Show 6 more education figuresShow fewer
Education in Waterloo: key figures, continued
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Advanced diploma or diploma
10.5%
2021 Census
45th percentile nationally
No post-school qualification
22.6%
2021 Census
Residents attending an educational institution
29.1%
2021 Census
Residents attending university or other higher education
14.1%
2021 Census
97th percentile nationally
Residents attending primary school
3.3%
2021 Census
4th percentile nationally
Residents attending secondary school
2.0%
2021 Census
4th percentile nationally
Questions about education in Waterloo
What percentage of people in the Waterloo SA2 have university qualifications?
56.1% of people aged 15 and over in the Waterloo SA2 have university qualifications, compared to 38.0% in Greater Sydney.
What percentage of people in the Waterloo SA2 have no formal qualifications?
22.6% of people aged 15 and over in the Waterloo SA2 have no formal qualifications, compared to 34.2% in Greater Sydney.
How does the Waterloo SA2's education level compare to national averages?
The waterloo sa2 ranks in the 30th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
Show all 8 questionsShow fewerWhat types of qualifications are most common in the Waterloo SA2?
The most common qualifications in the Waterloo SA2 are: Bachelor Degree (36.6%), Postgraduate (16.7%), Certificate (10.8%).
What proportion of the Waterloo SA2's population is currently attending educational institutions?
29.1% of the population in the Waterloo SA2 is currently engaged in formal education, including 3.3% in primary school, 2.0% in secondary school, 14.1% at university (all shares of total residents).
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the Waterloo SA2?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the Waterloo SA2 is 895, indicating below-average socio-educational advantage compared to the national average of 1000.
How many schools are located within the Waterloo SA2?
There are 2 schools within the Waterloo SA2, with a combined enrollment of approximately 119 students.
What types of schools are available in the Waterloo SA2?
The waterloo sa2 includes 1 primary school, 1 combined school.
Households in Waterloo
Data: 2021 Census
Waterloo features high concentrations of group households and lone person households but relatively few family households, with a smaller average household size than Greater Sydney.
Households in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Median household size
1.8 people
2021 Census
2nd percentile nationally
Lone-person households
40.5%
2021 Census
95th percentile nationally
Couples with children
9.4%
2021 Census
3rd percentile nationally
Couples without children
30.5%
2021 Census
73rd percentile nationally
One-parent families
5.4%
2021 Census
4th percentile nationally
Show 5 more households figuresShow fewer
Households in Waterloo: key figures, continued
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Group households
12.8%
2021 Census
98th percentile nationally
Households at the 2021 Census
8,046
2021 Census
Estimated households
9,219
AreaSearch estimate, Aug 2026
Family households
46.6%
2021 Census
2nd percentile nationally
Average children per family
0.6 per family
2021 Census
2nd percentile nationally
Questions about households in Waterloo
How many households are in the Waterloo SA2?
As of the 2021 Census, the Waterloo SA2 had 8,046 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 14.6% to an estimated 9,219 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The average household size in the Waterloo SA2 is 1.8 people. This compares to 2.7 in Greater Sydney and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 46.6% of all households. Non-family households consist of lone person households (40.5%), group households (12.8%), and other household types (0.0%).
Show all 8 questionsShow fewerHow are families structured in the area?
Of the 3,749 family households, couples with children account for 9.4% of all households, couples without children at home 30.5%, and single parent families 5.4%. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the Waterloo SA2 compare to household patterns in Greater Sydney?
Compared to Greater Sydney, the Waterloo SA2 shows distinct household patterns. Lone person households are notably over-represented at 40.5% (versus 23.2% in Greater Sydney). Conversely, family households are under-represented at 46.6% compared to 72.6% in Greater Sydney. This higher proportion of single-person households drives demand for smaller dwellings and different community services.
What are the marriage patterns in the Waterloo SA2?
Marriage patterns reveal 22.4% of the adult population are currently married, while 64.4% have never married. This compares to 48.3% married and 36.4% never married across Greater Sydney.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 40.5% of all households in the Waterloo SA2, higher than the average for Greater Sydney of 23.2%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 12.8% of households, above the Greater Sydney average of 4.2%. This higher rate points to more student or young professional shared accommodation.
Cultural diversity in Waterloo
Data: 2021 Census
Waterloo is among the most culturally diverse areas in the country based on AreaSearch assessment of a range of language and cultural background related metrics.
Cultural diversity in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Born overseas
59.3%
2021 Census
96th percentile nationally
Speak another language at home
43.3%
2021 Census
84th percentile nationally
English only at home
56.7%
2021 Census
15th percentile nationally
Australian citizens
59.0%
2021 Census
3rd percentile nationally
Born in Australia
40.7%
2021 Census
3rd percentile nationally
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander residents
2.2%
2021 Census
63rd percentile nationally
Questions about cultural diversity in Waterloo
What is the level of cultural diversity in the Waterloo SA2?
Waterloo is among the most culturally diverse areas in the country, with 43.3% of its population speaking a language other than English at home and 59.3% born overseas.
What is the most common religion in the Waterloo SA2?
Christianity is the most commonly reported religion in Waterloo, at 32.2% of people, although more residents (56.5%) reported no religion. However, the most apparent overrepresentation was in Judaism, which comprises 1.6% of the population, compared to 0.8% across Greater Sydney.
What are the top countries of origin in the Waterloo SA2?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Waterloo are English, comprising 18.2% of the population, Other, comprising 16.7% of the population, and Chinese, comprising 16.1% of the population, which is substantially higher than Greater Sydney's 8.4%. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Russian is notably overrepresented at 1.7% of Waterloo (vs 0.4% across Greater Sydney), Spanish at 1.3% (vs 0.6%) and French at 0.9% (vs 0.5%).
Show all 7 questionsShow fewerHow does the percentage of people born overseas compare to Greater Sydney?
59.3% of the Waterloo SA2 population was born overseas, compared to 40.5% across Greater Sydney.
What percentage of the Waterloo SA2 population speaks a language other than English at home?
43.3% of the population in the Waterloo SA2 speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 39.5% in Greater Sydney.
How many people in the Waterloo SA2 identify as Australian Aboriginal?
2.2% of the Waterloo SA2 population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 1.3% in Greater Sydney.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the Waterloo SA2?
59.0% of the Waterloo SA2 population holds citizenship, compared to 80.8% in Greater Sydney.
04Place
Housing, health, transport, local services and the reports on them.
Housing in Waterloo
Data: 2021 Census
Waterloo features a more urban dwelling mix with significant apartment living, with a higher proportion of rental properties than Greater Sydney.
Housing in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Rented homes
75.3%
2021 Census
97th percentile nationally
Owned outright
6.3%
2021 Census
2nd percentile nationally
Apartments
91.2%
2021 Census
98th percentile nationally
Median mortgage repayment
$2,500 a month
2021 Census, monthly
88th percentile nationally
Owned with a mortgage
18.4%
2021 Census
5th percentile nationally
Show 5 more housing figuresShow fewer
Housing in Waterloo: key figures, continued
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Semi-detached, terrace and townhouses
8.1%
2021 Census
48th percentile nationally
Median weekly rent paid, 2021 Census
$530
2021 Census, weekly
92nd percentile nationally
Median rent as a share of median household income
26.1%
2021 Census, ratio calculated by AreaSearch
86th percentile nationally
Median mortgage repayment as a share of household income
28.4%
2021 Census, ratio calculated by AreaSearch
82nd percentile nationally
People per bedroom
1.1 per bedroom
2021 Census
96th percentile nationally
Questions about housing in Waterloo
What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the Waterloo SA2?
In the Waterloo SA2, 6.3% of homes are owned outright, 18.4% are owned with a mortgage, and 75.3% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the Waterloo SA2 are houses?
According to the latest data, 0.5% of dwellings in the Waterloo SA2 are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the Waterloo SA2 are apartments or units?
In the Waterloo SA2, 91.2% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 8.1% being semi-detached dwellings.
Show all 12 questionsShow fewerWhat is the level of outright home ownership in the Waterloo SA2?
Outright home ownership in the Waterloo SA2 stands at 6.3%, compared to 28.7% in Greater Sydney.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the Waterloo SA2?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the Waterloo SA2 is $2,500, compared to $2,427 in Greater Sydney.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the Waterloo SA2?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the Waterloo SA2 is $2,189, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the Waterloo SA2?
In the Waterloo SA2, households with mortgages typically spend 28.4% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 26.1% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the Waterloo SA2?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the Waterloo SA2 is 1.1, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the Waterloo SA2 compare to Greater Sydney?
Housing affordability in the Waterloo SA2 shows mortgage holders spending 28.4% of income on repayments (vs 27.0% in Greater Sydney), while renters spend 26.1% of income on rent (vs 22.6% in Greater Sydney).
What types of dwellings are most common in the Waterloo SA2?
The dwelling mix in the Waterloo SA2 consists of 0.5% detached houses, 8.1% semi-detached dwellings, 91.2% apartments, and 0.1% other dwelling types.
How affordable is housing in the Waterloo SA2 relative to local incomes?
Housing in Waterloo consumes approximately 24.9% of median household income ($8,781 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the Waterloo SA2?
Recent development applications in Waterloo show attached dwellings contributing 100% of approvals compared to 100% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 0% of applications versus 0% of current dwellings. This suggests development patterns consistent with existing housing mix. Waterloo is experiencing exceptional growth in housing density, ranking in the top 10% nationally.
Health in Waterloo
Data: ATO FY 2024 and 2021 Census
Health outcomes in Waterloo are marginally below the national average with common health conditions somewhat prevalent across both younger and older age cohorts.
Health in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Private health cover
59.7%
ATO FY 2024, private health cover
78th percentile nationally
No long-term health condition
76.2%
2021 Census
84th percentile nationally
Need help with daily activities
4.5%
2021 Census
33rd percentile nationally
No long-term health condition, under 65
80.7%
2021 Census
78th percentile nationally
Three or more long-term health conditions, under 65
1.3%
2021 Census
52nd percentile nationally
Questions about health in Waterloo
How many people in the Waterloo SA2 have private health insurance?
Around 59.7% of people in the Waterloo SA2 are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 59.8% in Greater Sydney.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the Waterloo SA2?
In the Waterloo SA2, 4.5% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. By comparison, 5.2% of people in Greater Sydney require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the Waterloo SA2?
6.6% of people in the Waterloo SA2 are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 6.4% of the population across Greater Sydney is affected by asthma.
Show all 6 questionsShow fewerWhat percentage of people have diabetes in the Waterloo SA2?
Diabetes affects 3.2% of the Waterloo SA2 population, while in Greater Sydney, 4.3% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the Waterloo SA2?
2.3% of people in the Waterloo SA2 have heart disease. Across Greater Sydney,3.2% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the Waterloo SA2 compare to Greater Sydney in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the Waterloo SA2, 59.7% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Greater Sydney sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 59.8%.
Transport in Waterloo
Transport servicing is high compared to other areas nationally based on assessment of service frequency, route connectivity and accessibility.
Transport in Waterloo: key figures
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Transport access
95 out of 100
AreaSearch transport analysis of timetable data
95th percentile nationally
Public transport stops
39
Public transport timetable (GTFS) data, compiled by AreaSearch
35th percentile nationally
Weekly public transport trips
12,048
Public transport timetable (GTFS) data, compiled by AreaSearch
96th percentile nationally
People per public transport stop
481
Public transport timetable (GTFS) data, compiled by AreaSearch
Public transport routes
15
Public transport timetable (GTFS) data, compiled by AreaSearch
Show 2 more transport figuresShow fewer
Transport in Waterloo: key figures, continued
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Vehicles per dwelling
0.3 per dwelling
2021 Census
Working residents who worked from home
58.5%
2021 Census, taken during COVID-19 restrictions
Questions about transport in Waterloo
How many public transport stops are in Waterloo?
There are 39 public transport stops within the Waterloo SA2.
How frequent are the transport services in Waterloo?
The Waterloo SA2 has 12,048 weekly trips across 15 routes, averaging 1,721 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Waterloo?
On average, residential properties are 100 metres from the nearest transport stop.
Everyday services near Waterloo
From the typical resident, the nearest child care centre is 154 m away and the nearest pharmacy 222 m.
96percentile
National percentile for access to everyday services
Child care
154 m
Pharmacy
222 m
GP
254 m
Supermarket
286 m
School
409 m
Distance from the typical resident to the nearest of each service. Every bar starts at 0 m. The nearest is orange.
Public transport 39 stops nearby, 12,048 weekly trips, access rating 95 out of 100.
Amenities in Waterloo: key figures (distances from the typical resident)
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Amenity score
96 out of 100
AreaSearch proximity analysis
96th percentile nationally
Nearest child care
154 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest pharmacy
222 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest GP
254 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest fitness centre
276 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Show 7 more amenities figuresShow fewer
Amenities in Waterloo: key figures (distances from the typical resident), continued
Measure
Value
Source and date
National percentile
Nearest supermarket
286 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest school
409 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest dentist
469 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest shopping centre
711 m
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest government service
1.1 km
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest bank
1.1 km
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Nearest hospital
1.8 km
AreaSearch proximity analysis, from the typical resident
Sector reports for operators and developers in Waterloo
Sector reports that go deeper on these services: child care, medical, retail, aged care and specialist disability accommodation (SDA). There are 8 long day care centres with 470 places in Waterloo, about 1.4 children aged 0-4 per place.
Child care providers
8
Places
470
Children per place
1.4
Resident children aged 0-4 per long day care place (2021 Census). Australia: 2.1.
Short silent previews of sample pages. Sector reports are ordered for a catchment you draw, not for the suburb as a whole.
05Reports and tools
Order a report and find more tools.
Order a report for Waterloo
An area report on Waterloo is built to order and emailed to you.
Ordered reports
Built to order, sent by email
Base report: a location analysis and demographic profile of Waterloo, always included.
Child Care demand and supply, if you add it.
Your files: PDF, Word, Excel data or a PowerPoint presentation.
The other sector reports are ordered on a custom catchment: draw your own area to add them. The order window shows the estimate before you place the order.
Where the figures come from, downloads and nearby areas.
Development
AreaSearch's development drivers ranking positions Waterloo among the top 11% of areas assessed nationwide.
Tracked applications120in and around the area, last 5 years
Tracked, last 12 months60in and around the area
ABS building approvals15.4per 1,000 people92nd
Infrastructure
Waterloo ranks in the 53rd percentile nationally for infrastructure.
No headline figures are reported for this area.
Sales & rents
Waterloo's established property market has recorded 354 sales in the 12 months to September 2026, comprising 98% residential and 2% commercial transactions.
Median rent$968a week+3.2% over 12 months to Jun 2026
Gross rental yield5.3%All dwellings, rent to Jun 2026
Median house price$1.65mUnits $900k, 2026 to date
Population
Waterloo lies within the top 9% of areas nationally in terms of population growth performance according to AreaSearch analysis of short and medium-term trends.
Population18,767+14.6% since 2021 Census82nd
Average yearly growth, 2020 to 2025+2.0%ABS resident estimates
Population density16,551per km²AreaSearch estimate, Aug 202699th
Age
Waterloo's young demographic places it in the bottom 12% of areas nationwide.
Median age33yearsAreaSearch estimate, Aug 202612th
Children under 157.4%AreaSearch estimate, Aug 2026
Aged 65 and over10.4%AreaSearch estimate, Aug 2026
Income
Income metrics indicate excellent economic conditions, with the area achieving higher performance than 76% of national locations assessed by AreaSearch.
Median taxable income$66,476a yearATO FY-24, annual76th
Census household income / week$2,0282021 Census, weekly67th
High-income households30.7%2021 Census
Employment
Waterloo shows employment indicators that trail behind approximately 70% of regions assessed across Australia.
Unemployment rate7.5%Labour force, Jun 2026
Workforce participation67.8%
Employed residents11,014Labour force, Jun 2026
Education
Education in Waterloo: university qualifications 56.1%, school advantage index (ICSEA) 895.
University qualifications56.1%2021 Census
School advantage index (ICSEA)8955th
Households
Waterloo features high concentrations of group households and lone person households but relatively few family households, with a smaller average household size than Greater Sydney.
Median household size1.8people2021 Census2nd
Lone-person households40.5%2021 Census95th
Couples with children9.4%2021 Census3rd
Cultural diversity
Waterloo is among the most culturally diverse areas in the country based on AreaSearch assessment of a range of language and cultural background related metrics.
Born overseas59.3%2021 Census96th
Speak another language at home43.3%2021 Census84th
Housing
Waterloo features a more urban dwelling mix with significant apartment living, with a higher proportion of rental properties than Greater Sydney.
Rented homes75.3%2021 Census97th
Owned outright6.3%2021 Census2nd
Apartments91.2%2021 Census98th
Health
Health outcomes in Waterloo are marginally below the national average with common health conditions somewhat prevalent across both younger and older age cohorts.
Private health cover59.7%ATO FY 202478th
No long-term health condition76.2%2021 Census84th
Need help with daily activities4.5%2021 Census33rd
Transport
Transport servicing is high compared to other areas nationally based on assessment of service frequency, route connectivity and accessibility.
Transport access95out of 10095th
Public transport stops3935th
Weekly public transport trips12,04896th
Amenities
Amenity provision was found to be above the typical area assessed nationally by AreaSearch, based on counts and proximity analysis.
Amenity score96out of 10096th
Sources and notes
Waterloo has an estimated 18,767 residents, up 14.6% since the 2021 Census, with 9 projects tracked in Waterloo.
Latest estimate as at Aug 2026; other figures from the 2021 Census, ATO FY-24 and AreaSearch estimates where labelled. Updated 14 Oct 2026.
Sources: ABS Census 2021, ABS estimated resident population, ATO taxation statistics, state rental bonds and property sales records where published, and AreaSearch analysis for Waterloo.
Data and method for Waterloo
Data currency
Refreshed . Sales to Oct 2026, rents to Jun 2026, population and age estimated to Aug 2026, taxable income FY 2024 and projects to Aug 2026. Housing, households and cultural diversity are from the 2021 Census (next update with the 2026 Census results).
Infrastructure projects and development applications also include sites in the surrounding area, and are labelled as such. Other sections were compiled 14 Oct 2026 from sources that update on their own cycles; "See the evidence" lists each source and its cycle.
3 dated for this area, within 12 months
1 dated for this area, older
3 2021 Census measures
7 compiled with this profile
Statistical area boundaryFigures are for the statistical area shown (ABS Statistical Areas Level 2, SA2). It can differ from a suburb of a similar name.Learn more
SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (for example census and ERP).
Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb or locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For a complete picture, consider both boundary types where available.
See the evidencesources, cycles and method for all 14 sections
Main sources: ABS, Geoscience Australia, GNAF, ATO, State governments, Valuer General, Rental Board and Infrastructure Australia.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (117031647). QuickStats reports 2021 only; the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.
Common questions about this page
Why can the Waterloo SA2 boundary differ from the suburb boundary?
This page uses ABS Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) boundaries for statistical reporting (for example census and ERP). SA2 areas can differ materially from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, even when they share similar names, because they are defined for different purposes and often use different geographic boundaries.
Where does the data on this Waterloo page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources, including ABS, Geoscience Australia, GNAF, ATO, State governments, Valuer General, Rental Board and Infrastructure Australia, then calculates statistics for the boundary shown, and ranks, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments. Infrastructure projects and development applications also include sites in the surrounding area, labelled as such.
Is the Waterloo data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is built beyond the Census. Dated for this area: population (Aug 2026), age profile (Aug 2026), infrastructure projects (Aug 2026) and income (FY 2024). Compiled with this profile from sources that publish on their own cycles: development and approvals, property sales and rents, employment, education, transport, health and services and amenities. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.
Waterloo statistics: population, income, housing and more
Key demographics and figures for Waterloo from the 2021 Census, ATO taxpayer data and AreaSearch estimates and analysis. Each topic has its own table of key figures beside the section it belongs to, and each row names its source and date. The percentile compares Waterloo with every neighbourhood-sized area across Australia (ABS SA2 areas): a higher percentile means more of that measure than most, not necessarily better.