Gulmarrad

Suburb (SAL)

Rest of NSW / Clarence Valley

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Sep 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats SAL11801 How we calculate this
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Suburb (SAL) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.

SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.

Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Gulmarrad

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The median house price in Gulmarrad is $940k. House values have moved 2.0% a year compounded over five years.

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Gulmarrad

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Gulmarrad has an estimated 2,057 residents, up from 1,950 at the 2021 Census — a change of 107 people, or 5.5%. Growth has averaged 1.3% a year over five years. Interstate and internal migration accounts for 72.0% of that increase. Density is about 67 people per square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

In the suburb of Gulmarrad, the population stands at approximately 2,057 as of Aug 2026, according to AreaSearch evaluations combining broader ABS demographic updates with post-Census validated address counts. This figure marks an addition of 107 people (5.5%) compared to the 1,950 people registered in the 2021 Census. Such growth draws on an estimated resident population of 2,026 determined from the ABS June 2025 ERP release alongside 58 validated new addresses confirmed post-Census. With a population density of 67 persons per square kilometer, the suburb provides ample room per resident and opportunities for future expansion.

Outperforming both the broader SA4 region (4.8%) and the Rest of NSW, the suburb of Gulmarrad's 5.5% expansion rate established it as a leading growth area locally, propelled chiefly by interstate migration which accounted for roughly 72.0% of recent population additions. Projections for the suburb of Gulmarrad integrate 2024 ABS/Geoscience Australia data keyed to a 2022 baseline across SA2 areas, supplemented where necessary by 2022 NSW State Government SA2-level figures using a 2021 baseline. Cohort-specific growth rates derived from these models have been projected outward from 2032 to 2041. Over this horizon, local demographic momentum is slated to track marginally beneath the non-metropolitan Australian median, expanding by 153 persons to 2041 under aggregated SA2 models and accumulating an overall rise of 5.9% across the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Total population for the suburb of Gulmarrad was estimated to be approximately 2,057 as at Aug 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 2,026 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad changed since 2021?
The suburb of gulmarrad has added approximately 107 people and shown a 5.49% increase from the 1,950 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The population density in the suburb of Gulmarrad is estimated at 67 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad has shown a compound annual growth rate of 1.9% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Population growth in the suburb of Gulmarrad is driven by: Interstate migration (72.0%), Overseas migration (28.000000000000004%), Natural increase (0.0%). The primary driver is Interstate migration, contributing 72.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Gulmarrad

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132 new dwellings have been approved in Gulmarrad over the past five years, an average of 26 a year. That places the area in the 50th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 13 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 24 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 92% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 20, broadly in line with that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Over the preceding 5 financial years, residential building approvals in Gulmarrad have run at a yearly average of roughly 26, accumulating to an estimated 132 homes based on AreaSearch's compilation of ABS statistics. Within FY-25 to date, 20 approvals have been logged. With roughly 1.1 new residents added annually for each home built across the 5 financial years from FY-21 to FY-25, residential demand and construction volumes remain evenly matched, underpinning a steady environment with expected construction costs averaging $393,000 per dwelling in step with regional norms. Concurrently, commercial building approvals have reached $338,000 this financial year, underscoring the predominantly residential orientation of the locality.

On a per-capita basis, building activity in Gulmarrad surpasses the Rest of NSW by 108.0%, widening options for prospective purchasers despite a moderating pace in recent years. This level remains considerably higher than the national standard, highlighting sustained developer appetite. Single detached houses make up 92.0% of recent approvals while attached dwellings represent 8.0%, preserving a low-density neighborhood structure geared toward families seeking spacious properties. A ratio of approximately 139 people per dwelling approval further illustrates the low-density nature of the market. According to demographic projections from the most recent AreaSearch quarterly release, Gulmarrad is anticipated to add 122 residents through to 2041. Ongoing residential development rates appear well positioned to accommodate this anticipated intake, fostering favorable conditions for home seekers and accommodating potential expansion beyond current projections.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the suburb of Gulmarrad recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the suburb of Gulmarrad area has seen 96 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The suburb of Gulmarrad's current population of 2,057 has been supported by 26 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad's development activity compare to the broader region?
The suburb of Gulmarrad has seen 1.24 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.56 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 138 people in the suburb of Gulmarrad, compared to one for every 183 in the broader region.
Is the suburb of Gulmarrad keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 122 people by 2041, around 61 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the suburb of Gulmarrad's approval levels have been significantly above the yearly average of 26, indicating strong recent growth in development activity.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The population in the suburb of Gulmarrad is expected to grow by 122 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 61 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Over the past five years, the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad has grown by approximately 895 people, while 132 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 6.8 people added for each new dwelling approval. This high ratio suggests strong population growth relative to housing supply, potentially indicating unmet housing demand.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 26 approvals per year and a population of 2,057, the market appears to be adequately supplied relative to projected housing demand in recent years, suggesting that developers should have a longer-term approach when considering new projects. With the population expected to increase by 122 people by 2041, around 61 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Gulmarrad

Development applications around Gulmarrad

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
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SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Gulmarrad

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AreaSearch tracks 62 current infrastructure and development projects close to Gulmarrad, worth an estimated $1.75 billion. 16 are already under construction and 17 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, sports & recreation and tourism. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Major infrastructure developments, planning frameworks, and capital projects exert a primary influence on local market dynamics. A single key initiative has been highlighted by AreaSearch as having a direct local bearing, situated alongside regional works including the Maclean Community Precinct, the Queensland Regional Road Network Safety Improvements, the Pacific Highway Upgrade: Hexham To Brisbane, and the Queensland New South Wales Interconnector.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Gulmarrad include: Maclean Community Precinct (Construction); Queensland Regional Road Network Safety Improvements (Proposed); Pacific Highway Upgrade: Hexham To Brisbane (Construction); Queensland New South Wales Interconnector (Proposed); and Low and Mid-Rise Housing Policy (Approved). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Infrastructure development impacting the suburb of Gulmarrad spans multiple sectors including Transport & Logistics, Energy, and Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates targeted investment in infrastructure improvements that will benefit the local area.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
The suburb of Gulmarrad shows moderate infrastructure development relative to national averages, with opportunities for future growth and investment.
Maclean Community Precinct (Maclean Civic Hall Redevelopment)
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Redevelopment of the former Maclean Civic Hall into a purpose-built regional performing arts and community precinct featuring a 290-seat auditorium, backstage facilities, multipurpose community rooms, gallery foyer, cafe space, function room overlooking the Clarence River, outdoor amphitheatre and undercover parking. Demolition was completed in early 2025, construction commenced in May 2025, and structural works are progressing through 2026 with completion scheduled for late 2026.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

River Glen Estate - Maclean
Category: Communities
Stage: Dev. Approval | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

River Glen Estate is an approved master-planned community of around 13.8 hectares on the north-eastern edge of Maclean in the Clarence Valley. The project is approved for 177 lots in total, with the active marketing comprising 148 large residential lots ranging up to 1143 square metres, including duplex and townhome sites. Stage 1 is sold out and Stage 2 lots are now being promoted under new ownership by Fairfax Nominees Pty Ltd, which acquired the site from the original developer Wharton James Group.The estate is located within 500 metres of Maclean Town Centre and walking distance to the Clarence River. No firm delivery timetable for the full estate has been publicly committed.

Communities

Palm Lake Resort Yamba Cove
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   

Boutique over-50s land lease lifestyle resort at Yamba Cove by Palm Lake Group, planned around 78 owner-occupied homes and the Vantage Country Club. The project includes single and double-storey coastal homes, gated living, resort bus, heated magnesium pool and spa, Milon gym, yoga and reformer pilates studio, sauna, steam room, movie theatre, library, billiards, art and pottery areas, virtual golf and outdoor recreation. The Vantage Country Club opened in July 2024, while home sales and staged delivery continue with completion advertised for January 2026.

Residential Development

Clifton Yamba
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   

Clifton Yamba is a modern over-55s land lease lifestyle resort community comprising 146 designer homes. The masterplanned development features premium resident amenities including a clubhouse, swimming pool, bowling green, gym, cinema, and outdoor recreation facilities.

Residential Development

Palm Lake Resort Yamba
Category: Ports, Marinas, Fisheries & Aquaculture
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 1995
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Over-50s lifestyle resort operated by Palm Lake Group, offering 2 and 3 bedroom homes with resort-style amenities including clubhouse, lawn bowls, pool, library, BBQ areas, caravan and boat storage. Located near the Clarence River with security gating and resident social groups.

Ports, Marinas, Fisheries & Aquaculture

West Yamba Neighbourhood Centre
Category: Retail
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2030
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Planned local neighbourhood centre within the West Yamba Urban Release Area, intended to provide convenience retail, cafe, service and community uses for the growing West Yamba residential catchment. Clarence Valley Council planning controls identify the centre near the existing Carrs Drive school, at Lot 46 DP 751395 on the Miles Street and Carrs Drive corner. The wider 52-54 Miles Street Yamba subdivision includes 277 low density residential lots plus a 2000 sqm lot intended for future commercial development.The subdivision was refused by the regional panel in 2024, then taken to the NSW Land and Environment Court; recent reporting indicates the appeal was upheld in 2026 subject to detailed conditions, including flood refuge and hydrology requirements. The commercial neighbourhood centre itself still appears to require a separate development application for buildings and operation.

Retail

Yamba Library and Community Centre (Treelands Drive Community Hub)
Category: Agriculture & Rural Development
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2025
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Delivery of a modern community hub led by Clarence Valley Council and built by Bennett Constructions. The facility includes a library twice the previous size, art and gallery space, youth area, visitor information hub, commercial and community kitchen, flexible meeting rooms, accessible amenities including a Changing Places facility, indoor courtyard and expanded parking. Funded by the Australian and NSW Governments through the Bushfire Local Economic Recovery program with Council contribution.

Agriculture & Rural Development

Golding Street Townhouse Development
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Under Assessment | Est. Comp: 0
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Development of 16 three-storey townhouses on flood-prone land with subdivision into two lots, each townhouse featuring double garage, open-plan living, and three bedrooms with ensuites.

Residential Development

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Gulmarrad

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715 residents of Gulmarrad are employed, from a labour force of 744. Unemployment sits at 3.9%, with participation at 44.5%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.0% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 1,848, about 90% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

A cross-section of blue-collar and white-collar roles characterizes Gulmarrad's labor market, supported by strong representation across essential services and a low jobless rate of 3.9% per AreaSearch statistical aggregations. As of March 2026, employed residents tally 715, while the unemployment rate tracks 0.2% lower than the 4.1% recorded across Regional NSW; however, the local participation rate of 44.5% sits substantially beneath the 60.6% seen in Regional NSW. Census returns also indicated that just 11.9% of workers conducted their jobs from home, a metric potentially shaped by Covid-19 restrictions. Locals are primarily employed within retail trade, health care & social assistance, and construction.

Retail trade represents a notable strength, holding a local workforce proportion 1.4 times that of the wider region. In contrast, health care & social assistance accounts for 14.0% of local jobs compared to 16.9% regionally. Evaluating the balance between working-age residents and local positions indicates a restricted volume of employment options within the immediate boundary. Across the 12 months leading to March 2026, AreaSearch evaluation of ABS and SALM metrics demonstrates a 0.9% reduction in the local labor pool alongside a 0.6% dip in total employment, lowering the unemployment rate by 0.4 percentage points. Across Regional NSW, employment contracted by 0.9% and the labor force fell by 0.4%, leading to a 0.5 percentage points rise in unemployment. Long-term perspectives from Jobs and Skills Australia national forecasts published in Mar-26 project economy-wide job growth of 6.6% across five years and 13.7% across ten years, with performance varying by sector. When mapped against Gulmarrad's existing workforce profile via illustrative weighted modeling without local population adjustments, local employment is estimated to expand by 6.0% over five years and 12.7% over ten years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
As of March 2026, the suburb of Gulmarrad has approximately 715 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 3.9%. This healthy unemployment rate suggests a well-functioning labour market. Employment indicators are below the national average, suggesting room for improvement, though the very low unemployment rate of 3.9% indicates the ranking primarily reflects recent job losses rather than underlying labor market weakness.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the suburb of Gulmarrad stands at 3.9%, which is broadly in line with Regional NSW's rate of 4.1%. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The employment landscape in the suburb of Gulmarrad is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are retail trade (14.1% of employment), health care & social assistance (14.0%), and construction (11.0%). Other significant employers include education & training and public administration & safety.
How has employment changed recently in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Over the past year to March 2026, the suburb of Gulmarrad has experienced a decline in employment, with total jobs decreasing while the labour force decreased. As a result, the unemployment rate has fall. By comparison, Regional NSW saw employment decreased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The workforce participation rate in the suburb of Gulmarrad is 44.5%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. The relatively low participation rate may indicate limited job opportunities or demographic factors affecting workforce engagement. The local rate trailing the Regional NSW average of 60.6%, suggesting potential for increased workforce participation.
Which industries are over-represented in the suburb of Gulmarrad's employment market?
The suburb of gulmarrad shows notable specialization in retail trade, which employs 14.1% of the local workforce compared to 9.8% regionally. This moderate specialization indicates some local strength in the sector.
What are the employment growth prospects for the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the suburb of Gulmarrad's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 6.0% over the next five years and 12.7% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the suburb of Gulmarrad compare nationally?
The suburb of gulmarrad's employment market shows below-average performance in national comparisons. While employment opportunities exist, the area faces more challenges than many other regions. However, the low unemployment rate of 3.9% suggests the ranking is driven by recent job losses rather than structural weakness. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region experienced 3.9% growth, ranking 4.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Skilled workers will find good opportunities in the suburb of Gulmarrad, with skilled sectors accounting for 31.3% of employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (14.0%), education & training (10.7%), and professional & technical (4.8%). With projected employment growth of 6.0% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Gulmarrad

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Median household income in Gulmarrad is $1,302 a week (about $68,000 a year), with median personal income at $569 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $39,139 a year against an average of $50,643. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

According to aggregated ATO postcode statistics compiled by AreaSearch for financial year 2023, the suburb of Gulmarrad recorded a median taxpayer earnings figure of $39,139 and an average of $50,643. These levels sit below national benchmarks and track lower than the Regional NSW median of $52,390 and average of $65,215. Adjusting for a 10.32% rise in the Wage Price Index since financial year 2023 places updated figures around $43,178 for the median and $55,869 for the average as of March 2026. Data from Census 2021 positions personal, family, and household earnings in Gulmarrad between the 8th and 20th percentiles nationwide.

The earnings interval of $800 - 1,499 represents 31.0% of local taxpayers (637 individuals), whereas the wider regional pattern centers on the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket at 29.9%. Even though low housing expenses allow residents to keep 86.8% of their earnings, overall disposable income sits at the 24th percentile nationally.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is approximately $43,178. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $39,139.
What is the average taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is approximately $55,869. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $50,643.
How does the median taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is approximately $43,178 compared to $57,797 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $39,139 and $52,390 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is approximately $55,869 compared to $71,945 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $50,643 and $65,215 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the suburb of Gulmarrad according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~31.0% / 637 persons) of the suburb of Gulmarrad's population is the $800 - 1,499 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the suburb of Gulmarrad compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the suburb of Gulmarrad is the $800 - 1,499 group, representing about 31.0% of the population. In comparison, Regional NSW's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 29.9% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the suburb of Gulmarrad according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is $1,302/wk.
What is the median family income in the suburb of Gulmarrad according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is $1,366/wk.
What is the median personal income in the suburb of Gulmarrad according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is $569/wk.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad's income rank nationally?
The suburb of Gulmarrad shows a median taxpayer income of $39,139 and an average of $50,643 according to the latest postcode level ATO data aggregated by AreaSearch for FY-23. This is below the national average, contrasting with Regional NSW's median income of $52,390 and average income of $65,215. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $43,178 (median) and $55,869 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The estimated disposable income in the suburb of Gulmarrad is $4,897 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad's disposable income compare to the region?
The suburb of gulmarrad's disposable income is $4,897 compared to $5,252 for Regional NSW, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Gulmarrad

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Gulmarrad had 696 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 99% detached houses and 0% apartments. 39% are owned with a mortgage, 5% rented and 56% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $450 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,660 a month. Rent absorbs 34.6% of household income here and mortgage repayments 29.4%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

Census records indicate that separate houses constituted 99.4% of Gulmarrad's housing stock, with apartments, semi-detached structures, and other dwellings forming the remaining 0.6%, whereas Regional NSW recorded 82.6% standalone homes and 17.4% alternate housing types. Full home ownership reached 56.0%, exceeding regional figures, with mortgaged properties accounting for 38.8% and rental arrangements comprising 5.2%. Median monthly home loan repayments stood at $1,660 and median weekly rent was $450, compared to $1,733 and $330 across Regional NSW. Nationally, local mortgage commitments fall well below the $1,863 Australian average, whereas local rental rates sit noticeably above the countrywide figure of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
In the suburb of Gulmarrad, 56.0% of homes are owned outright, 38.8% are owned with a mortgage, and 5.2% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Gulmarrad are houses?
According to the latest data, 99.4% of dwellings in the suburb of Gulmarrad are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Gulmarrad are apartments or units?
In the suburb of Gulmarrad, 0.0% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 0.0% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Outright home ownership in the suburb of Gulmarrad stands at 56.0%, compared to 39.6% in Regional NSW.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Gulmarrad is $1,660, compared to $1,733 in Regional NSW.
What is the median weekly rent in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The median weekly rent in the suburb of Gulmarrad is $450, compared to $330 in Regional NSW.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
In the suburb of Gulmarrad, 0.0% of rentals are $0-149/week, 19.4% are $150-349/week, 80.6% are $350-649/week, 0.0% are $650-949/week, and 0.0% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the suburb of Gulmarrad is $745, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
In the suburb of Gulmarrad, households with mortgages typically spend 29.4% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 34.6% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the suburb of Gulmarrad is 0.7, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the suburb of Gulmarrad compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the suburb of Gulmarrad shows mortgage holders spending 29.4% of income on repayments (vs 27.9% regionally), while renters spend 34.6% of income on rent (vs 23.0% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The dwelling mix in the suburb of Gulmarrad consists of 99.4% detached houses, 0.0% semi-detached dwellings, 0.0% apartments, and 0.6% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Factoring in the ownership distribution, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $745. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $1,660/month, and renters paying $1,948/month.
How affordable is housing in the suburb of Gulmarrad relative to local incomes?
Housing in Gulmarrad consumes approximately 13.2% of median household income ($5,638 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Recent development applications in Gulmarrad show attached dwellings contributing 7% of approvals compared to 1% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 93% of applications versus 99% of current dwellings. This suggests increasing densification. Density increases remain below national trends.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Gulmarrad

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Gulmarrad counted 696 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 734 today, averaging 2.7 people each. 32% are couples with children, against 49% couples without children. 10% of households are people living alone, and families average 2.0 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Families constitute 88.1% of all local households, divided between couples without children (49.0%), couples with children (31.5%), and single-parent arrangements (6.6%). Non-family setups make up the remaining 11.9%, consisting of single-person dwellings at 10.1% and group living arrangements at 2.2%. The typical household size sits at 2.7 people, exceeding the 2.4 average recorded across Regional NSW.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
As of the 2021 Census, the suburb of Gulmarrad had 696 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 5.5% to an estimated 734 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the suburb of Gulmarrad is 2.7 people. This compares to 2.4 in Regional NSW and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 88.1% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (10.1%), group households (2.2%), and other household types (0.1%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 613 family households, 31.5% are couples with children, 49.0% are couples without children at home, and 6.6% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Regional NSW, the suburb of Gulmarrad shows distinct household patterns. Family households are notably over-represented at 88.1% (versus 68.8% regionally). Conversely, lone person households are under-represented at 10.1% compared to the regional 27.9%. This family-oriented profile influences local demand for family homes, schools, and children's services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the suburb of Gulmarrad have an average of 2.0 children, slightly above the Regional NSW average of 1.8. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Marriage patterns reveal 62.0% of the adult population are currently married, while 24.8% have never married. This compares to 45.6% married and 34.3% never married across Regional NSW.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 10.1% of all households in the suburb of Gulmarrad, notably lower than the regional average of 27.9%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 2.2% of households, well below the Regional NSW average of 3.3%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Gulmarrad

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15.5% of adults in Gulmarrad hold a university qualification, including 11.3% with a bachelor degree and 2.0% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 35.1% hold a vocational qualification. 1 school serves the area, with 207 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 987 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

Attainment of higher education presents a distinct local dynamic, as 15.5% of residents hold university qualifications compared to the NSW benchmark of 32.2%. Bachelor degrees comprise the largest segment at 11.3%, followed by graduate diplomas at 2.2% and postgraduate degrees at 2.0%. Meanwhile, technical and trade disciplines are widely held, with vocational qualifications attained by 44.3% of the population aged 15+, consisting of certificates at 35.1% and advanced diplomas at 9.2%. Formal study engagement is substantial, encompassing 25.3% of the resident population. Among those enrolled, 9.4% attend primary school, 8.5% participate in secondary schooling, and 1.3% are enrolled in tertiary programs.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the suburb of Gulmarrad have university qualifications?
15.5% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Gulmarrad have university qualifications, compared to 21.3% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the suburb of Gulmarrad have no formal qualifications?
40.1% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Gulmarrad have no formal qualifications, compared to 39.1% regionally.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad's education level compare to national averages?
The suburb of gulmarrad ranks in the 33th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The most common qualifications in the suburb of Gulmarrad are: Certificate (35.1%), Bachelor Degree (11.3%), Advanced Diploma (9.2%).
What proportion of the suburb of Gulmarrad's population is currently attending educational institutions?
25.3% of the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad is currently engaged in formal education, with 9.4% in primary school, 8.5% in secondary school, 1.3% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the suburb of Gulmarrad is 987, indicating below-average socio-educational advantage compared to the national average of 1000.
How many schools are located within the suburb of Gulmarrad?
There are 1 schools within the suburb of Gulmarrad, with a combined enrollment of approximately 207 students.
What types of schools are available in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The suburb of gulmarrad includes 1 primary school.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Gulmarrad

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Gulmarrad

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Getting around Gulmarrad means driving: households keep an average of 2.0 vehicles, and scheduled services reach only a handful of stops. Service data is built from operators' published GTFS timetables; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Public transport services in Gulmarrad encompass 6 active bus stops connected by 8 separate transit routes that together deliver 45 weekly trips. Overall transit access is constrained, with dwellings situated an average distance of 781 meters from the nearest stop. Given the suburb's residential setup, outward commuting is standard, with private vehicles accounting for 97% of travel. Households maintain an average of 2.0 vehicles, surpassing regional figures, while 11.9% of residents worked from home during the 2021 Census under potential pandemic influences. Transit schedules provide an average of 6 services per day across the network, translating to roughly 7 services per week for each stop.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Gulmarrad?
There are 6 public transport stops within the suburb of Gulmarrad.
How frequent are the transport services in Gulmarrad?
the suburb of Gulmarrad has 45 weekly trips across 8 routes, averaging 6 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Gulmarrad?
On average, residential properties are 781 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Gulmarrad

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60.8% of residents in Gulmarrad report no long-term health condition. 6.1% need daily assistance with core activities, and 47.0% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.0 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Health measures in Gulmarrad generally trend positively based on AreaSearch reviews of chronic conditions and mortality rates, exhibiting low incidence of standard ailments among younger and older demographics alike. Private health insurance membership is comparatively low, covering approximately 47% of residents (~967 people), relative to 51.9% across Regional NSW and 55.7% across Australia. Arthritis and mental health conditions are the most prevalent diagnoses locally, reported by 12.7 and 8.6% of residents, while 60.8% of individuals reported no chronic medical issues, compared to 63.3% across Regional NSW. Chronic conditions are slightly elevated among residents of working age.

Individuals aged 65 and over represent 29.5% of the community (606 people), exceeding the Regional NSW proportion of 23.3%, with senior health metrics tracking above average and matching nationwide distributions.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the suburb of Gulmarrad have private health insurance?
Around 47.0% of people in the suburb of Gulmarrad are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 51.9% in the broader region of Regional NSW.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
In the suburb of Gulmarrad, 6.1% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 6.8% of people in Regional NSW require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
7.9% of people in the suburb of Gulmarrad are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 8.4% of the population across Regional NSW is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Diabetes affects 5.1% of the the suburb of Gulmarrad population, while in the surrounding region, 4.7% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
4.5% of people in the suburb of Gulmarrad have heart disease. Across the region of Regional NSW, 4.4% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the suburb of Gulmarrad, 47.0% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Regional NSW sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 51.9%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Gulmarrad

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Gulmarrad is largely Australian-born, at 89.1% of residents, with 2.4% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are English (32.3%) and Australian (30.5%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Measures of cultural diversity in Gulmarrad sit below standard benchmarks, with 89.1% of the population born domestically, 94.3% holding Australian citizenship, and 97.6% using only English in domestic settings. Christianity is the predominant religious affiliation, representing 57.9% of residents, compared to 55.9% across Regional NSW. Regarding parental country of birth, the primary ancestries declared by residents are English (32.3%), Australian (30.5%), and Scottish (11.8%). Specific smaller ancestral cohorts show higher local shares relative to regional benchmarks, including Welsh at 0.9% (versus 0.5% regionally), French at 0.6% (versus 0.4%), and Samoan at 0.3% (versus 0.1%).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
Gulmarrad was found to be below average in terms of cultural diversity, with 89.1% of its population born in Australia, 94.3% being citizens, and 97.6% speaking English only at home.
What is the most common religion in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
The main religion in Gulmarrad was found to be Christianity, which makes up 57.9% of people in Gulmarrad. This compares to 55.9% across Regional NSW.
What are the top countries of origin in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Gulmarrad are English, comprising 32.3% of the population, Australian, comprising 30.5% of the population, and Scottish, comprising 11.8% of the population. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Welsh is notably overrepresented at 0.9% of Gulmarrad (vs 0.5% regionally), French at 0.6% (vs 0.4%) and Samoan at 0.3% (vs 0.1%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
10.9% of the the suburb of Gulmarrad population was born overseas, compared to 13.0% regionally.
What percentage of the the suburb of Gulmarrad population speaks a language other than English at home?
2.4% of the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 7.1% in the wider region.
How many people in the suburb of Gulmarrad identify as Australian Aboriginal?
2.1% of the the suburb of Gulmarrad population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 4.6% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
94.3% of the the suburb of Gulmarrad population holds citizenship, compared to 89.2% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Gulmarrad

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The median resident of Gulmarrad is 48, older than 90% of areas nationally. That is 1 year younger than at the 2021 Census. 16.5% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

Gulmarrad's population leans older than the Regional NSW norm. As of August 2026, seniors and retirees aged 65+ make up 29.5% of the populace compared to 23.3% regionally, whereas young to middle-aged adults aged 25 - 44 represent 16.8% versus 23.5% across the wider region. The estimated median age is 48, decreasing from 49 at the 2021 Census and standing 5 years above the Regional NSW figure of 43 from that Census, while the national median was 38. The cohort aged 45 - 64 has declined from 28.7% at the Census to an estimated 25.4%.

By 2041, the largest numerical gain is anticipated among persons aged 25 - 44, adding 49 residents (14%) to reach 395.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
AreaSearch estimates the median age in the suburb of Gulmarrad at 48 years as at August 2026. That is down from the 2021 Census figure of 49 years, with AreaSearch updating the age profile for population change recorded since the Census.
How does the suburb of Gulmarrad's median age compare to broader areas?
At an estimated 48 years as at August 2026, Gulmarrad is 5 years older than the Regional NSW 2021 Census average (43 years) and 10 years older than the national Census average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most over-represented age group in the suburb of Gulmarrad compared to the Regional NSW region is the 65 - 74 group, making up 19.9% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most under-represented age group in the suburb of Gulmarrad compared to the Regional NSW region is the 25 - 34 group, making up 5.7% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the suburb of Gulmarrad show significant variance compared to the Regional NSW region. The most over-represented age group is 65-74 year-olds (19.9% vs 12.3%). The most under-represented age groups are 85+ year-olds (1.4% vs 2.9%) and 25-34 year-olds (5.7% vs 11.5%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
AreaSearch estimates children aged 0-14 years at 17.4% of the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad as at August 2026.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the suburb of Gulmarrad?
AreaSearch estimates people aged 65 and over at 29.5% of the population in the suburb of Gulmarrad as at August 2026.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Gulmarrad

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Sep 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Sep 2026 this month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Sep 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, Local governments Daily May 2026 4 months ago all 2 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 6 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Jul 2026 2 months ago all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 58 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (1,950 at the 2021 Census → 2,057 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL11801). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

How do Gulmarrad suburb boundaries differ from Statistical Areas?
This page uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries (suburb-style geography). SAL represents commonly-known suburb names used in addresses, while Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census/statistical reporting. Even when sharing the same name, SAL and SA2 boundaries often cover different geographic areas with different populations.
Where does the data on this Gulmarrad page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Gulmarrad data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Aug 2026), property sales & rents (Sep 2026), infrastructure projects (May 2026) and services & amenities (Jul 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to Aug 2026), age profile (to Aug 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Aug 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

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