Cardigan

Suburb (SAL)

Rest of Vic. / Ballarat

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Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Oct 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats SAL20485 How we calculate this
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Suburb (SAL) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.

SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.

Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Cardigan

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Cardigan

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Cardigan has an estimated 3,136 residents, up from 1,064 at the 2021 Census — a change of 2,072 people, or 194.7%. Growth has averaged 26.3% a year over five years, faster than 99% of areas nationally. 766 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. Interstate and internal migration accounts for 74.0% of that increase. Density is about 77 people per square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

As of Aug 2026, the suburb of Cardigan has an estimated population of approximately 3,136 residents, calculated through AreaSearch's evaluation of wider ABS demographic releases alongside post-Census address validations. This represents a gain of 2,072 people (194.7%) compared to the 1,064 individuals recorded during the 2021 Census. AreaSearch established the 3,136 resident count by assessing the ABS ERP release from June 2025 in conjunction with 766 validated new addresses logged following the Census. The suburb's density stands at 77 persons per square kilometer, leaving substantial open land and capacity for upcoming expansion.

Expanding by 194.7% since the 2021 census, the suburb of Cardigan outperformed both Rest of Vic. (4.4%) and its overarching SA4 district to emerge as a standout growth hub. Interstate migration served as the primary growth engine, generating around 74.0% of recent population additions, with natural increase and overseas migration also contributing positively. Demographic projections for the suburb of Cardigan draw on the 2024 ABS/Geoscience Australia dataset utilising 2022 as its baseline year, with supplementary coverage derived from the 2023 VIC State Government Regional/LGA models converted to SA2 boundaries via weighted growth aggregation. Age-specific trends from these models are similarly applied across the 2032 to 2041 timeframe. Looking ahead, long-term forecasts position the suburb of Cardigan among the top 10 percent of regional non-metropolitan growth corridors, with aggregated SA2 figures projecting an addition of 3,128 persons by 2041, representing a cumulative increase of 99.7% across the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the suburb of Cardigan?
Total population for the suburb of Cardigan was estimated to be approximately 3,136 as at Aug 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 3,136 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the suburb of Cardigan changed since 2021?
The suburb of cardigan has added approximately 2,072 people and shown a 194.74% increase from the 1,064 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the suburb of Cardigan?
The population density in the suburb of Cardigan is estimated at 77 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the suburb of Cardigan?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the suburb of Cardigan has shown a compound annual growth rate of 15.8% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the suburb of Cardigan?
Population growth in the suburb of Cardigan is driven by: Interstate migration (74.0%), Natural increase (15.0%), Overseas migration (11.0%). The primary driver is Interstate migration, contributing 74.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Cardigan

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869 new dwellings have been approved in Cardigan over the past five years, an average of 173 a year. That places the area in the 97th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 55 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 154 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 97% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 104, well below that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Residential building approvals in Cardigan have averaged roughly 173 dwellings per annum according to AreaSearch's breakdown of ABS data, totaling an estimated 869 homes across the past 5 financial years (between FY-21 and FY-25), with 104 recorded to date in FY-25. Over this same period across the past 5 financial years (between FY-21 and FY-25), the market added an average of 2.7 new residents for every home constructed, underscoring solid underlying demand to underpin local property markets where dwelling construction costs average $445,000. Commercial approvals have accounted for $412,000 during the current financial year, highlighting the area's predominantly residential character.

Per capita building activity in Cardigan exceeds Rest of Vic. by 689.0%, providing purchasers with extensive options despite recent signs of moderation. Overall construction rates sit well above the national benchmark, reflecting sustained interest from property developers. Detached houses account for 97.0% of recent residential building, while townhouses or apartments make up the remaining 3.0%, reinforcing low-density neighborhood planning tailored to family buyers seeking larger blocks. The current ratio stands at approximately 32 people per dwelling approval, pointing toward an expanding residential sector. Anticipated demographic expansion is projected to bring 3,126 additional residents to Cardigan by 2041 relative to the latest AreaSearch quarterly figures. Existing building trajectories suggest planned residential supply will comfortably absorb this incoming demand, creating favorable market conditions for purchasers and potentially accommodating residential growth beyond baseline estimates.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the suburb of Cardigan recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the suburb of Cardigan area has seen 278 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The suburb of Cardigan's current population of 3,136 has been supported by 173 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the suburb of Cardigan's development activity compare to the broader region?
The suburb of Cardigan has seen 8.17 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.75 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 32 people in the suburb of Cardigan, compared to one for every 145 in the broader region.
Is the suburb of Cardigan keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 3,126 people by 2041, around 1,042 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 3.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the suburb of Cardigan?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the suburb of Cardigan's approval levels have been significantly below the yearly average of 173, showing a notable downturn in recent development.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the suburb of Cardigan?
The population in the suburb of Cardigan is expected to grow by 3,126 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 1,042 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 3.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the suburb of Cardigan?
Over the past five years, the population in the suburb of Cardigan has grown by approximately 2,466 people, while 869 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 2.8 people added for each new dwelling approval. This indicates solid population growth supported by housing development activity.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the suburb of Cardigan?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 173 approvals per year and a population of 3,136, the market appears to be adequately supplied relative to projected housing demand in recent years, suggesting that developers should have a longer-term approach when considering new projects. With the population expected to increase by 3,126 people by 2041, around 1,042 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels appear more than sufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 3.0 persons per dwelling. This suggests that population growth may exceed trend projections in the coming years, supported by a robust housing supply.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Cardigan

Development applications around Cardigan

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
Application search is not available in Victoria. AreaSearch holds 2 applications for Cardigan, but they are a record of past activity rather than a current register. Victoria has no state-wide planning portal and its council coverage is uneven, so we have switched the search off here rather than return partial answers. We are currently investigating a solution. No credits are charged for Victorian applications, and building approvals from the ABS and the major projects we track are unaffected.

SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Cardigan

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AreaSearch tracks one current infrastructure or development project inside Cardigan, worth an estimated $500 million. A further 53 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $5.4 billion. 12 are already under construction and 22 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, communities, precincts & urban renewal and education & training. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Major infrastructure developments and urban planning projects play a critical role in shaping community outcomes, with AreaSearch tracking a total of 24 projects possessing potential local significance. Prominent initiatives include the Ballarat West Growth Area, the Lucas Estate Masterplanned Community, the Ballarat Private Hospital, and the Shayne Reese Swimming Learn to Swim Facility.

Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Cardigan?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Cardigan include: Ballarat West Growth Area (Approved); Lucas Estate Masterplanned Community (Construction); Ballarat Private Hospital (Approved); Shayne Reese Swimming Learn to Swim Facility (Construction); and Ballarat West Employment Zone (BWEZ) (Construction). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the suburb of Cardigan?
Infrastructure development impacting the suburb of Cardigan spans multiple sectors including Sports & Recreation, Residential Development, and Health & Medical, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the suburb of Cardigan?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates substantial capital deployment exceeding $3.1 billion in projects that will impact the extended area, with a notable concentration of investment within the immediate the suburb of Cardigan vicinity.
How does the suburb of Cardigan's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
With an infrastructure score in the top 30%, the suburb of Cardigan demonstrates above-average development activity compared to national benchmarks.
Lucas Estate Masterplanned Community
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2030
Source / Links: Link 1   

Lucas is the largest masterplanned community in Ballarat's history, spanning 220 hectares within the Ballarat West Growth Zone developed by Integra Group. Delivering over 2,500 residential lots across five neighbourhood precincts, the estate features extensive commercial, educational, and recreational infrastructure including the Lucas Town Centre and 32+ hectares of open space. The final construction phase is currently underway with completion anticipated around 2030.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Ballarat West Growth Area
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2041
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Ballarat West Growth Area is a 1,290-hectare greenfield masterplanned community on Ballarat's western edge, comprising three sub-precincts: Bonshaw Creek (approximately 707 hectares), Greenhalghs Road, and Ballarat-Carngham Road. Guided by the Ballarat West Precinct Structure Plan (PSP) and Development Contributions Plan (DCP), the project is planned to deliver around 15,524 dwellings supporting a future population of about 40,000. On 25 March 2026 the City of Ballarat adopted Planning Scheme Amendment C234ball, incorporating the revised February 2026 PSP and DCP, and submitted it to the Minister for Planning for approval.The revised plan increases housing yield from 14,442 to 15,524 dwellings, raises residential densities in line with state housing policy, and updates infrastructure scope and contributions (Residential DIL rising from 316,339 to 362,610 AUD per hectare). Net developable area is 972.04 hectares once arterial roads, waterways and drainage reserves are excluded. The development includes integrated activity centres, schools, community and recreation hubs, employment precincts, and parkland corridors along Bonshaw, Winter and Kensington Creeks, with arterial connections via Ballarat-Carngham Road and Greenhalghs Road.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

Ballarat Private Hospital
Category: Health & Medical
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A purpose-built three-storey private hospital development designed to serve the growing Ballarat West corridor. The facility features 24 inpatient beds and six state-of-the-art operating theatres on the upper levels, focused on lower-acuity surgical services. The ground floor acts as a multi-disciplinary medical hub, incorporating radiology, pathology, allied health suites, a pharmacy, and a cafe to support patients and the local community.

Health & Medical

Shayne Reese Swimming Learn to Swim Facility
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   

A purpose-built indoor learn-to-swim facility located at the Lucas Town Centre in Ballarat. Founded by Olympic Gold medalist Shayne Reese, the facility features dedicated heated indoor pools and modern climate control systems tailored for year-round aquatic education programs.

Sports & Recreation

Circular Economy Precinct
Category: Environmental & Disaster Management
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A transformational regional circular economy hub at Stage 3B of the Ballarat West Employment Zone, anchored by a $37.1 million Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) with a 30,000-tonne annual capacity. The precinct will co-locate waste management activities with recycling and remanufacturing businesses to process recyclables from the Grampians Central West Region, creating a self-sufficient regional waste management system that reduces landfill, cuts transport emissions, and supports innovation and job creation. The MRF will sort commingled recyclables including plastics, paper, cardboard, metals, and glass for local reprocessing.It is expected to create 62 FTE jobs when operational.

Environmental & Disaster Management

Winter Valley Rise Estate
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   

A residential development in the Ballarat West Growth Zone featuring 359 lots with streetscapes, open nature reserves, and turn-key house and land packages.

Residential Development

Ballarat-Carngham Road Upgrade
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2029
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Planning continues for the duplication and upgrade of approximately 2.4 km of Ballarat-Carngham Road between Dyson Drive and Wiltshire Lane. The project proposes two lanes in each direction, upgraded intersections, pedestrian crossings, shared walking and cycling paths, a central median and associated landscaping to support rapid population growth in Ballarat West. Community consultation concluded in 2025 and planning remains underway, with further funding and a full business case still required before construction can commence.

Transport & Logistics

Lucas Town Centre
Category: Retail
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2024

A comprehensive retail and community hub serving the Lucas masterplanned community, featuring Coltman Plaza shopping centre with Woolworths supermarket, specialty stores, medical facilities, cafes, restaurants, and community services.

Retail

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Cardigan

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2,184 residents of Cardigan are employed, from a labour force of 2,201. Unemployment sits at 0.8%, with participation at 87.8%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.2% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth, so in an area growing as fast as this one it understates the likely rise in local jobs. The working-day population is estimated at 6,228, about 199% of the resident population, so the area draws in more workers than it sends out. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Cardigan supports a highly capable local workforce characterized by notable representation in essential industries, an unemployment rate of only 0.8%, and annual employment growth estimated at 16.0% via AreaSearch statistical area datasets. By March 2026, employed residents numbered 2,184, while the jobless rate sat 2.9% below the 3.7% recorded for Regional Vic., and the local participation rate reached 87.8% against the Regional Vic. benchmark of 61.1%. Working from home accounted for 14.7% of working residents at the Census, though these figures were influenced by pandemic-related movement restrictions. Resident employment centers primarily on health care & social assistance, construction, and retail trade.

Construction shows particular local concentration, employing a workforce share 1.4 times greater than the broader regional level. In contrast, agriculture, forestry & fishing accounts for only 3.6% of local workers compared to 7.5% across the region. With 2.7 jobs situated locally for every resident worker as at the Census, the precinct acts as a net employment destination that draws personnel from neighboring districts. Analysis of combined ABS and SALM figures indicates that over the 12-month period, Cardigan experienced a 16.0% rise in employed residents alongside a 16.2% increase in the total labour force, shifting the jobless rate upward by 0.1 percentage points. Over the same timeframe, Regional Vic. recorded a 0.1% contraction in employment and a 0.3% drop in the labour pool, reducing its unemployment rate by 0.2 percentage points. Longer-term outlooks can be evaluated using Jobs and Skills Australia's Mar-26 national employment projections, which forecast Australia-wide job gains of 6.6% across five years and 13.7% over ten years. Mapping these industry variations against Cardigan's specific job profile points to prospective local job growth of 6.2% over five years and 13.1% over ten years (illustrative weighted calculation only, without local demographic adjustments).

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the suburb of Cardigan?
As of March 2026, the suburb of Cardigan has approximately 2,184 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 0.8%. This very low unemployment rate indicates a tight labour market with strong demand for workers. The area ranks in the top 25% nationally for employment performance, indicating a robust job market.
How does the suburb of Cardigan's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the suburb of Cardigan stands at 0.8%, which is 2.9 percentage points below Regional Vic.'s rate of 3.7%. This lower unemployment rate suggests stronger local employment conditions. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the suburb of Cardigan?
The employment landscape in the suburb of Cardigan is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are health care & social assistance (16.1% of employment), construction (14.7%), and retail trade (10.7%). Other significant employers include education & training and manufacturing.
How has employment changed recently in the suburb of Cardigan?
Over the past year to March 2026, the suburb of Cardigan has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has rise. By comparison, Regional Vic. saw employment decreased and its unemployment rate dropped.
What is the workforce participation rate in the suburb of Cardigan?
The workforce participation rate in the suburb of Cardigan is 87.8%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This high participation rate indicates strong workforce engagement and economic vitality. The local rate leading the Regional Vic. average of 61.1%, indicating stronger workforce attachment in the local area.
Which industries are over-represented in the suburb of Cardigan's employment market?
The suburb of cardigan shows notable specialization in construction, which employs 14.7% of the local workforce compared to 10.4% regionally. This moderate specialization indicates some local strength in the sector.
What are the employment growth prospects for the suburb of Cardigan?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the suburb of Cardigan's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 6.2% over the next five years and 13.1% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the suburb of Cardigan compare nationally?
The suburb of cardigan's employment market shows strong performance nationally, ranking in the top 25% of areas assessed by AreaSearch. This indicates robust employment conditions and economic vitality compared to other regions. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region saw a 8.8% decline, ranking 33.0rd out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the suburb of Cardigan?
Skilled workers will find good opportunities in the suburb of Cardigan, with skilled sectors accounting for 34.0% of employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (16.1%), education & training (10.6%), and professional & technical (4.5%). With projected employment growth of 6.2% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Cardigan

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Median household income in Cardigan is $2,713 a week (about $141,000 a year), with median personal income at $883 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $52,739 a year against an average of $67,538. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

ATO taxation statistics for financial year 2023 compiled by AreaSearch indicate Cardigan taxpayers recorded a median income of $52,739 and an average of $67,538, matching broad nationwide benchmarks and surpassing the Regional Vic. median of $50,954 and average of $62,728. Factoring in subsequent Wage Price Index expansion of 9.62% since financial year 2023, baseline figures adjust to approximately $57,812 (median) and $74,035 (average) as of March 2026. At the Census, local household earnings reached the 94th percentile ($2,713 weekly), whereas individual incomes sat around the 64th percentile. Weekly income distributions show 34.6% of residents (1,085 individuals) earning between $1,500 - 2,999, mirroring the regional distribution of 30.3%.

High-income earners making over $3,000/week represent 43.4% of the population, underscoring solid financial fundamentals. After meeting shelter expenses, households retain 88.7% of their gross earnings, placing the district in the 7th decile on the SEIFA income scale.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan is approximately $57,812. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $52,739.
What is the average taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan is approximately $74,035. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $67,538.
How does the median taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan is approximately $57,812 compared to $55,856 in Regional Vic.. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $52,739 and $50,954 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Cardigan is approximately $74,035 compared to $68,762 in Regional Vic.. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $67,538 and $62,728 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the suburb of Cardigan according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~34.6% / 1,085 persons) of the suburb of Cardigan's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the suburb of Cardigan compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the suburb of Cardigan is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 34.6% of the population. In comparison, Regional Vic.'s largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 30.3% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the suburb of Cardigan according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the suburb of Cardigan is $2,713/wk.
What is the median family income in the suburb of Cardigan according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the suburb of Cardigan is $2,763/wk.
What is the median personal income in the suburb of Cardigan according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the suburb of Cardigan is $883/wk.
How does the suburb of Cardigan's income rank nationally?
According to AreaSearch's aggregation of the latest postcode level ATO data released for FY-23, the suburb of Cardigan had a median income among taxpayers of $52,739 with the average level standing at $67,538. This is approximately average nationally and compares to levels of $50,954 and $62,728 across Regional Vic. respectively. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $57,812 (median) and $74,035 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the suburb of Cardigan?
The estimated disposable income in the suburb of Cardigan is $10,433 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the suburb of Cardigan's disposable income compare to the region?
The suburb of cardigan's disposable income is $10,433 compared to $5,209 for Regional Vic., based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Cardigan

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Cardigan had 306 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 99% detached houses and 0% apartments. 56% are owned with a mortgage, 7% rented and 37% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $350 a week and the median mortgage repayment $2,167 a month. Rent absorbs 12.9% of household income here and mortgage repayments 18.4%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

Separate houses comprised 98.7% of the housing stock in Cardigan during the latest Census, with semi-detached, apartments, 'other' dwellings making up the remaining 1.3%, compared to 90.1% houses and 9.9% other dwellings throughout Regional Vic.. Outright home ownership stood at 36.7%, trailing regional benchmarks, while mortgaged properties accounted for 55.9% and private rentals represented 7.4%. Typical monthly mortgage commitments were higher than regional norms at $2,167 against Regional Vic.'s $1,430, whereas median weekly rents were $350 compared to $285 regionally. Compared to the national baseline, local mortgage payments sit well above the Australian median of $1,863, while weekly rent remains below the national level of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the suburb of Cardigan?
In the suburb of Cardigan, 36.7% of homes are owned outright, 55.9% are owned with a mortgage, and 7.4% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Cardigan are houses?
According to the latest data, 98.7% of dwellings in the suburb of Cardigan are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Cardigan are apartments or units?
In the suburb of Cardigan, 0.0% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 0.0% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the suburb of Cardigan?
Outright home ownership in the suburb of Cardigan stands at 36.7%, compared to 40.9% in Regional Vic..
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Cardigan?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Cardigan is $2,167, compared to $1,430 in Regional Vic..
What is the median weekly rent in the suburb of Cardigan?
The median weekly rent in the suburb of Cardigan is $350, compared to $285 in Regional Vic..
What is the distribution of rental prices in the suburb of Cardigan?
In the suburb of Cardigan, 0.0% of rentals are $0-149/week, 100.0% are $150-349/week, 0.0% are $350-649/week, 0.0% are $650-949/week, and 0.0% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the suburb of Cardigan?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the suburb of Cardigan is $1,323, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the suburb of Cardigan?
In the suburb of Cardigan, households with mortgages typically spend 18.4% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 12.9% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the suburb of Cardigan?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the suburb of Cardigan is 0.8, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the suburb of Cardigan compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the suburb of Cardigan shows mortgage holders spending 18.4% of income on repayments (vs 23.8% regionally), while renters spend 12.9% of income on rent (vs 20.6% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the suburb of Cardigan?
The dwelling mix in the suburb of Cardigan consists of 98.7% detached houses, 0.0% semi-detached dwellings, 0.0% apartments, and 1.3% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the suburb of Cardigan?
Accounting for the local ownership mix, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $1,323. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $2,167/month, and renters paying $1,516/month.
How affordable is housing in the suburb of Cardigan relative to local incomes?
Housing in Cardigan consumes approximately 11.3% of median household income ($11,747 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the suburb of Cardigan?
Recent development applications in Cardigan show attached dwellings contributing 0% of approvals compared to 1% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 100% of applications versus 99% of current dwellings. This suggests development patterns consistent with existing housing mix. The area shows minimal growth in housing density compared to other Australian locations.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Cardigan

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Cardigan counted 306 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 902 today, averaging 3.4 people each. 61% are couples with children, more than in 99% of areas nationally, against 25% couples without children. 8% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.9 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Families constitute the vast majority of local domestic arrangements at 89.9%, consisting of couples with children (60.8%), couples without children (24.8%), and single parent families (3.6%). Non-family living arrangements account for the remaining 10.1%, made up of lone person households (7.8%) and group households (1.6%). With a median size of 3.4 people, local households are notably larger than the Regional Vic. average of 2.4.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the suburb of Cardigan?
As of the 2021 Census, the suburb of Cardigan had 306 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 194.8% to an estimated 902 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the suburb of Cardigan is 3.4 people. This compares to 2.4 in Regional Vic. and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 89.9% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (7.8%), group households (1.6%), and other household types (1.3%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 275 family households, 60.8% are couples with children, 24.8% are couples without children at home, and 3.6% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the suburb of Cardigan compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Regional Vic., the suburb of Cardigan shows distinct household patterns. Family households are notably over-represented at 89.9% (versus 67.8% regionally). Conversely, lone person households are under-represented at 7.8% compared to the regional 29.3%. This family-oriented profile influences local demand for family homes, schools, and children's services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the suburb of Cardigan have an average of 1.9 children, slightly above the Regional Vic. average of 1.8. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the suburb of Cardigan?
Marriage patterns reveal 59.9% of the adult population are currently married, while 32.6% have never married. This compares to 46.3% married and 34.0% never married across Regional Vic..
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 7.8% of all households in the suburb of Cardigan, notably lower than the regional average of 29.3%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 1.6% of households, well below the Regional Vic. average of 2.9%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Cardigan

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21.0% of adults in Cardigan hold a university qualification, including 13.4% with a bachelor degree and 4.4% with postgraduate qualifications, higher than 84% of areas nationally. A further 26.3% hold a vocational qualification. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Higher education qualifications in the district trail broader benchmarks, with university degree attainment standing at 21.0% compared to the VIC average of 33.4%, highlighting a potential focus area for local educational development. Attainment is led by bachelor degrees at 13.4%, followed by postgraduate qualifications at 4.4% and graduate diplomas at 3.2%. Conversely, vocational and technical credentials are widespread, with 35.8% of residents aged 15+ holding trade training, including certificates (26.3%) and advanced diplomas (9.5%). Student participation across Cardigan is elevated, with 35.5% of the local population actively participating in academic or vocational study.

This enrolled cohort comprises 13.5% in secondary education, 13.0% attending primary school, and 4.4% undertaking tertiary education.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the suburb of Cardigan have university qualifications?
21.0% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Cardigan have university qualifications, compared to 21.7% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the suburb of Cardigan have no formal qualifications?
43.1% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Cardigan have no formal qualifications, compared to 40.4% regionally.
How does the suburb of Cardigan's education level compare to national averages?
The suburb of cardigan ranks in the 84th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the suburb of Cardigan?
The most common qualifications in the suburb of Cardigan are: Certificate (26.3%), Bachelor Degree (13.4%), Advanced Diploma (9.5%).
What proportion of the suburb of Cardigan's population is currently attending educational institutions?
35.5% of the population in the suburb of Cardigan is currently engaged in formal education, with 13.0% in primary school, 13.5% in secondary school, 4.4% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the suburb of Cardigan?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the suburb of Cardigan is 0, indicating below-average socio-educational advantage compared to the national average of 1000.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Cardigan

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Cardigan

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Getting around Cardigan means driving: households keep an average of 2.6 vehicles, and scheduled services reach only a handful of stops. Service data is built from operators' published GTFS timetables; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Cardigan is currently serviced by 1 active transport stops connected to 1 individual routes, providing an aggregate of 819 weekly passenger trips. Access to public transit is constrained, with residents situated an average distance of 1803 meters from the nearest point of access. Private vehicles serve as the main travel method for outgoing commuters, accounting for 99% of travel, while vehicle density stands at an above-average 2.6 per dwelling. Remote workers accounted for 14.7% of working residents at the 2021 Census under pandemic-era settings. Transit schedules provide an average of 117 trips per day across all available routes, delivering approximately 819 weekly trips per individual stop.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Cardigan?
There are 1 public transport stops within the suburb of Cardigan.
How frequent are the transport services in Cardigan?
the suburb of Cardigan has 819 weekly trips across 1 routes, averaging 117 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Cardigan?
On average, residential properties are 1803 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Cardigan

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74.3% of residents in Cardigan report no long-term health condition, a healthier profile than 76% of areas nationally. 2.8% need daily assistance with core activities, and 53.5% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.2 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Health indicators across Cardigan are notably positive according to AreaSearch morbidity and mortality assessments, demonstrating low rates of long-term health issues throughout every age bracket and private health cover encompassing roughly 54% of the community (~1,678 people), slightly above the SA2 average and higher than the 50.5% recorded across Regional Vic.. The primary reported chronic health conditions include asthma, affecting 7.8% of residents, and mental health issues, impacting 7.0%, while 74.3% of the community reported having no long-term medical conditions compared to 63.4% across Regional Vic.. Health measures for residents under 65 exceed standard benchmarks.

Older residents aged 65 and over comprise 11.1% of the population (348 people), well below the 24.0% regional proportion, with local seniors demonstrating health outcomes that outperform nationwide standards.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the suburb of Cardigan have private health insurance?
Around 53.5% of people in the suburb of Cardigan are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 50.5% in the broader region of Regional Vic..
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the suburb of Cardigan?
In the suburb of Cardigan, 2.8% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 6.9% of people in Regional Vic. require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the suburb of Cardigan?
7.8% of people in the suburb of Cardigan are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 8.7% of the population across Regional Vic. is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the suburb of Cardigan?
Diabetes affects 2.8% of the the suburb of Cardigan population, while in the surrounding region, 4.6% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the suburb of Cardigan?
3.2% of people in the suburb of Cardigan have heart disease. Across the region of Regional Vic., 4.4% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the suburb of Cardigan compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the suburb of Cardigan, 53.5% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Regional Vic. sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 50.5%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Cardigan

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Cardigan is largely Australian-born, at 90.3% of residents, with 6.2% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (32.1%) and English (28.2%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Cultural homogeneity is prominent in Cardigan, where 90.3% of the local populace was born in Australia, 94.9% hold Australian citizenship, and 93.8% speak only English within the home. Christianity represents the primary religious affiliation, accounting for 59.7% of the community compared to 47.3% across Regional Vic.. The predominant ancestral backgrounds in Cardigan are Australian (32.1%), English (28.2%), and Irish (10.3%). Specific smaller ethnic backgrounds show heightened representation relative to regional distributions, including Maltese ancestry at 1.7% (vs 0.5% regionally), Sri Lankan at 0.9% (vs 0.1%), and Welsh at 0.8% (vs 0.4%).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the suburb of Cardigan?
Cardigan was found to be below average in terms of cultural diversity, with 90.3% of its population born in Australia, 94.9% being citizens, and 93.8% speaking English only at home.
What is the most common religion in the suburb of Cardigan?
The main religion in Cardigan was found to be Christianity, which makes up 59.7% of people in Cardigan. This compares to 47.3% across Regional Vic..
What are the top countries of origin in the suburb of Cardigan?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Cardigan are Australian, comprising 32.1% of the population, English, comprising 28.2% of the population, and Irish, comprising 10.3% of the population. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Sri Lankan is notably overrepresented at 0.9% of Cardigan (vs 0.1% regionally), Welsh at 0.8% (vs 0.4%) and Maltese at 1.7% (vs 0.5%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
9.7% of the the suburb of Cardigan population was born overseas, compared to 13.2% regionally.
What percentage of the the suburb of Cardigan population speaks a language other than English at home?
6.2% of the population in the suburb of Cardigan speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 7.6% in the wider region.
How many people in the suburb of Cardigan identify as Australian Aboriginal?
0.3% of the the suburb of Cardigan population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 1.4% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the suburb of Cardigan?
94.9% of the the suburb of Cardigan population holds citizenship, compared to 88.6% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Cardigan

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The median resident of Cardigan is 36. 25.1% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

Cardigan functions as a well-settled family community, with estimates as of August 2026 showing that children and young adults (0 - 24) represent 37.6% of the population compared to 28.5% across Regional Vic., while seniors aged 65+ comprise 11.1% versus 24.0% regionally. The median resident age is estimated at 36, identical to the 2021 Census and 7 years younger than the Regional Vic. median of 43 from that Census. The proportion of residents aged 65+ has increased from 8.2% at the Census to an estimated 11.1%. Looking ahead to 2041, demographic additions will be led by children and young adults, expanding by 85% with 998 residents to reach 2,177, while the young to middle aged adults (25 - 44) cohort is set to see the fastest percentage growth, rising 127% to 1,593.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the suburb of Cardigan?
AreaSearch estimates the median age in the suburb of Cardigan at 36 years as at August 2026. That is in line with the 2021 Census figure of 36 years, on an age profile AreaSearch re-estimates for population change recorded since the Census.
How does the suburb of Cardigan's median age compare to broader areas?
At an estimated 36 years as at August 2026, Cardigan is 7 years younger than the Regional Vic. 2021 Census average (43 years) and 2 years younger than the national Census average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the suburb of Cardigan?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most over-represented age group in the suburb of Cardigan compared to the Regional Vic. region is the 15 - 24 group, making up 17.4% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the suburb of Cardigan?
On AreaSearch estimates updated to August 2026, the most under-represented age group in the suburb of Cardigan compared to the Regional Vic. region is the 65 - 74 group, making up 6.8% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the suburb of Cardigan show significant variance compared to the Regional Vic. region. The most over-represented age groups are 15-24 year-olds (17.4% vs 11.4%) and 45-54 year-olds (16.1% vs 11.5%). The most under-represented age groups are 85+ year-olds (0.0% vs 2.9%) and 75-84 year-olds (4.3% vs 8.4%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the suburb of Cardigan?
AreaSearch estimates children aged 0-14 years at 20.2% of the population in the suburb of Cardigan as at August 2026.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the suburb of Cardigan?
AreaSearch estimates people aged 65 and over at 11.1% of the population in the suburb of Cardigan as at August 2026.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Cardigan

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Oct 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Oct 2026 this month headline measures · Sep 2026 baseline
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Oct 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily Aug 2026 2 months ago all 1 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Aug 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 7 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Sep 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Sep 2026 last month all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 766 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (1,064 at the 2021 Census → 3,136 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL20485). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

How do Cardigan suburb boundaries differ from Statistical Areas?
This page uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries (suburb-style geography). SAL represents commonly-known suburb names used in addresses, while Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census/statistical reporting. Even when sharing the same name, SAL and SA2 boundaries often cover different geographic areas with different populations.
Where does the data on this Cardigan page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Cardigan data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Aug 2026), property sales & rents (Oct 2026), infrastructure projects (Aug 2026) and services & amenities (Sep 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to Aug 2026), age profile (to Aug 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Sep 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

Nearby Areas