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This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.
SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).
Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
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ABS ERP | -- people | --
2021 Census | -- people
The median house price in Young Surrounds is $456k, with units at $645k. House values have moved 5.4% a year compounded over five years.
Curious about local property values? Filter the chart to assess the volume and appreciation (including resales) trends and regional comparisons, or scroll to the map below view this information at an individual property level.
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Young Surrounds has an estimated 7,809 residents, up from 7,677 at the 2021 Census — a change of 132 people, or 1.7%. Growth has averaged 0.5% a year over five years, slower than 82% of areas nationally. Fewer than ten people live on each square kilometre, across a boundary that takes in surrounding rural land. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to findings by AreaSearch, the population of Young Surrounds stands at approximately 7,809 as of May 2026. This represents a growth of 132 individuals (1.7%) from the 7,677 residents recorded in the 2021 Census. This calculation is derived from the ABS estimated resident population of 7,803 in June 2025 alongside 49 validated new addresses registered after the Census. The density of the population translates to 1.3 persons per square kilometer, which indicates a low-density environment. The post-census growth rate of 1.7% in Young Surrounds is within 0.8 percentage points of the broader SA3 area (2.5%), showing competitive local expansion.
This population increase was largely driven by migration from other states, which accounted for roughly 61.2% of the total demographic gains in recent times. Projections from ABS and Geoscience Australia, published in 2024 with a 2022 baseline, are utilised for each SA2 region. In cases where these are unavailable, projections from the NSW State Government released in 2022 with a 2021 baseline are applied. Expected growth rates across different age brackets from these sources are also used for the years 2032 to 2041. Future demographic forecasts suggest the area will experience population growth slightly below the median for regional Australia. Based on the most recent annual ERP statistics, the population is projected to expand by 844 residents by 2041, representing a total increase of 10.7% over the 16-year timeframe.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
82 new dwellings have been approved in Young Surrounds over the past five years, an average of 16 a year. That is 2.1 approvals per 1,000 residents. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 14, broadly in line with that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
Young Surrounds averages approximately 16 residential development approvals annually, with a total of 82 dwellings approved over the last 5 financial years. Thus far in FY-26, 13 approvals have been documented. Over the past 5 financial years (from FY-21 to FY-25), there has been an average of 2.3 new residents per year per dwelling, indicating solid demand that supports property markets. The average construction cost for these new dwellings is $336,000. Additionally, commercial approvals worth $14.7 million have been registered during this financial year, showing moderate commercial construction activity. Building activity per person in Young Surrounds is about half of the level seen in the Rest of NSW, though the area ranks in the 44th percentile of regions analyzed nationally.
This has resulted in restricted options for buyers, which supports demand for existing properties, even though construction activity has risen recently. This rate also sits below the national average, reflecting the established character of the area and pointing to potential zoning or planning constraints. The composition of new developments is 93.0% standalone homes and 7.0% townhouses or apartments, maintaining a low-density footprint centered on detached dwellings popular with buyers seeking space. An estimated ratio of 393 residents per dwelling approval highlights a quiet development landscape with low building volumes. According to demographic forecasts, Young Surrounds is projected to add 838 residents by 2041 (calculated from the latest quarterly estimate from AreaSearch). If current construction volumes remain unchanged, residential supply may fail to keep pace with population growth, potentially heightening competition among buyers and supporting price appreciation.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Young Surrounds
Loading development applications…
| Lodged | Address | Description | Type | Distance | Status |
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SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 6 current infrastructure and development projects inside Young Surrounds, worth an estimated $5.01 billion. A further 87 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $11.4 billion. 27 are already under construction and 16 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, transport & logistics and environmental & disaster management. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Local infrastructure projects, major developments, and planning schemes have a significant impact on regional performance. AreaSearch has identified a total of 29 projects expected to affect the region. Notable initiatives include the Harden to Boorowa Pipeline, the Smart Water Meter Replacement Program, the Young Stormwater Infrastructure Upgrades, and the Burrangong Creek Bridge Duplication, with the key projects of interest listed below.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
Denotes AI-based impression for illustrative purposes only, not to be taken as definitive under any circumstances. Please follow links and conduct other investigations from the project's source for actual imagery. Developers and project owners wishing us to use original imagery please Contact Us and we will do so.
Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Harden to Boorowa Water Supply Pipeline
Proposed potable water pipeline linking the Harden and Boorowa water systems to improve long-term water security and drought resilience. The detailed design has been substantially completed and the revised construction cost is approximately AUD 56 million. Hilltops Council is seeking State and Federal funding to progress the project into construction. The project includes a transmission pipeline, pump stations and associated water infrastructure connecting Boorowa to the Goldenfields Water supply network via Harden.
Smart Water Meter Replacement Program
Regional program to replace existing water meters with smart meters across Young and surrounding areas. Enables remote monitoring, improved leak detection, and enhanced water usage management for both council and residents.
Harden Sewage Treatment Plant Upgrade
Remediation and upgrade of the Harden sewage treatment plant to restore and improve performance following storm and flood impacts. Works included rehabilitation and realignment of treatment ponds, construction of spillways, and upgrades to recycled water rising mains. Council indicated works commencing December 2024 with completion targeted for April 2025; project is now treated as complete.
Donohoe's Estate (Boorowa Residential Subdivision)
Donohoe's Estate is an approved 128-lot residential subdivision spanning approximately 44.31 hectares. The multi-staged development includes new road infrastructure, open space areas, and a stormwater detention basin, designed to provide accessible housing options to the Boorowa community.
Inland Rail - Illabo to Stockinbingal
A 39 km greenfield Inland Rail section creating a new single track standard gauge route from east of Illabo to Stockinbingal, bypassing Cootamundra, Bethungra and the Bethungra Spiral. Inland Rail Pty Ltd has primary approvals in place and John Holland is the construction partner. Current works include detailed design, early works, site compounds, construction readiness, a 350 person temporary workers accommodation facility near Stockinbingal, and rail materials delivery, with major construction scheduled from early 2026 and completion targeted for late 2027.
Apollo Fabrication Group Expansion
Family-owned steel fabrication business expanding operations with a staged long-term growth strategy. The first stage includes construction of a fully enclosed 4,000m2 loading and storage facility to boost production capacity, streamline logistics, and reduce environmental impacts such as noise and dust. Aims to nearly double workforce from 70 to over 130 employees over the next decade.
Young Stormwater Infrastructure Upgrades
Comprehensive stormwater infrastructure improvements throughout Young township including drainage upgrades, flood mitigation measures, and water quality treatment systems. Project aims to reduce flood risk and improve environmental outcomes for waterways.
Hill Street Subdivision Young
New land development by Mellross Communities off Hills Street, Young. Titled and ready for construction with fully serviced lots including Colorbond fencing and building pads. Located in prime position surrounded by upmarket lifestyle properties with natural fall and tranquil backdrop.
3,614 residents of Young Surrounds are employed, from a labour force of 3,721. Unemployment sits at 2.9%, with participation at 57.8%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 5.1% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
The workforce in Young Surrounds exhibits a balanced blend of professional and manual labor across diverse industries, alongside an unemployment rate of only 2.9%. In March 2026, the employed resident population stood at 3,614, with an unemployment rate 1.2% lower than the 4.1% rate recorded across Regional NSW. Workforce participation is slightly below the regional standard, sitting at 57.8% compared to 60.6% in Regional NSW. Census data indicates that a moderate 19.0% of residents worked from home, though this figure may have been influenced by pandemic lockdowns. Resident employment is heavily concentrated in the fields of agriculture, forestry & fishing, health care & social assistance, and education & training.
The agricultural sector is exceptionally prominent, with local employment density reaching 6.2 times the regional average. In contrast, health care & social assistance is underrepresented, accounting for 11.0% of local jobs compared to the regional benchmark of 16.9%. The ratio of local workers to resident workers suggests that local employment opportunities are relatively limited within the immediate area. AreaSearch's analysis of SALM and ABS statistics shows that over the 12-month period, the local labor force contracted by 2.3% and total employment fell by 1.8%, resulting in a 0.4 percentage point decline in the unemployment rate. This contrasts with the broader Regional NSW area, which saw employment shrink by 0.9%, the labor force decrease by 0.4%, and the unemployment rate rise by 0.5 percentage points. Projections from Jobs and Skills Australia released in May-25 offer additional perspective on potential employment trends in Young Surrounds. These five and ten-year national forecasts have been applied to the local workforce structure to model future growth. Nationally, employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, though individual sectors will experience varied trajectories. Mapping these sector-specific trends to the employment profile of Young Surrounds indicates that local employment would grow by 5.1% over five years and 11.3% over ten years, representing a basic weighted projection for illustration that does not incorporate local demographic forecasts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Young Surrounds is $1,169 a week (about $61,000 a year), with median personal income at $646 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $47,604 a year against an average of $58,135. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
According to the latest postcode-level ATO statistics released by AreaSearch for the 2023 financial year, the median income of taxpayers in the Young Surrounds SA2 is $47,604, with an average of $58,135. These figures are below national benchmarks, and compare to a median of $52,390 and an average of $65,215 across Regional NSW. Adjusting for a 10.32% increase in the Wage Price Index since the 2023 financial year, current estimates point to a median of approximately $52,517 and an average of $64,135 as of March 2026. Census findings place household, family, and individual incomes in Young Surrounds between the 11th and 18th percentiles nationwide.
The local income profile is dominated by the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket, which contains 26.9% of residents (2,100 people), mirroring the regional concentration of 29.9% in this bracket. Although housing costs are low, with residents retaining 90.3% of their income, total disposable income ranks in only the 18th percentile nationally.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Young Surrounds had 2,990 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 96% detached houses and 1% apartments. 29% are owned with a mortgage, 18% rented and 53% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $220 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,083 a month. Rent absorbs 18.8% of household income here and mortgage repayments 21.4%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
The composition of housing in Young Surrounds at the time of the latest Census was 95.6% detached houses and 4.4% other formats like townhouses, apartments, or alternative structures, compared to 82.6% houses and 17.4% other dwellings in Regional NSW. Home ownership levels were significantly higher than the regional average, reaching 52.6%, while mortgaged properties accounted for 29.1% and rental properties made up 18.3%. The median monthly mortgage payment in the area was $1,083, which is well below the Regional NSW average of $1,733. The median weekly rent was $220, compared to the regional median of $330.
On a national level, mortgage payments in Young Surrounds are much lower than the Australian average of $1,863, and weekly rents sit significantly below the national benchmark of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Young Surrounds counted 2,990 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.3 people each. 24% are couples with children, against 34% couples without children. 31% of households are people living alone, and families average 2.1 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Family units constitute the majority of households at 66.6%, consisting of couples without children at 33.7%, couples with children at 23.8%, and single-parent households at 8.3%. Non-family households represent the remaining 33.4%, with single-person households making up 31.2% and group households accounting for 2.2% of the total. The median household size of 2.3 individuals is slightly lower than the Regional NSW average of 2.4.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
16.0% of adults in Young Surrounds hold a university qualification, including 12.4% with a bachelor degree and 2.3% with postgraduate qualifications, lower than 83% of areas nationally. A further 29.0% hold a vocational qualification. 11 schools serve the area, with 836 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 952 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
The region presents educational challenges, with university completion rates at 16.0%, which is significantly lower than the NSW state average of 32.2%. This gap highlights both an educational deficit and an opportunity for focused local programs. Among tertiary graduates, bachelor degrees are the most common at 12.4%, followed by postgraduate degrees at 2.3% and graduate diplomas at 1.3%. Vocational and technical qualifications are highly prevalent, with 39.0% of residents aged 15+ holding trade credentials, consisting of advanced diplomas (10.0%) and certificates (29.0%). Enrolment rates in education are high, with 27.3% of the resident population actively participating in academic programs.
This cohort is divided into 11.3% in primary schools, 7.6% in high schools, and 2.1% enrolled in higher education institutions.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in Young Surrounds reaches 445 stops on 52 routes, timetabled for about 1,000 services a week. The typical home sits about 260 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.7 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
An analysis of public transport reveals 445 transport stops operating in Young Surrounds, offering a combination of train and bus services. These stops support 52 distinct routes that generate 1,016 passenger trips per week. Transport accessibility is good, with residents living an average of 261 meters from their nearest stop. Because the area is primarily residential, most commuters travel outside the area, with private vehicles remaining the main mode of transport at 89% and walking accounting for 8%. Average vehicle ownership stands at 1.7 cars per household, which is above the regional average.
Additionally, 19.0% of residents work from home, according to the 2021 Census, which may reflect pandemic-era arrangements. Average service frequency is 145 daily trips across all active routes, which averages out to approximately 2 weekly trips per transport stop. The accompanying map displays the 100 closest stops relative to the center of the area.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
61.4% of residents in Young Surrounds report no long-term health condition, a less healthy profile than 84% of areas nationally. 6.6% need daily assistance with core activities, and 48.2% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 6.4 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
Health statistics indicate notable challenges within Young Surrounds, based on AreaSearch's evaluation of death rates and the occurrence of chronic illnesses across both younger and older demographics. The rate of private health insurance coverage is very low, encompassing approximately 48% of the population (~3,763 people), compared to 51.9% across Regional NSW and a national benchmark of 55.7%. The most common medical conditions reported by local residents were arthritis and asthma, affecting 12.4% and 9.0% of the population, respectively. Meanwhile, 61.4% of residents reported having no chronic medical conditions, compared to 63.3% in Regional NSW.
The working-age cohort experiences elevated rates of chronic illness, reflecting notable health issues. Residents aged 65 and over make up 26.3% of the population (2,056 people), exceeding the Regional NSW proportion of 23.4%. Health profiles among these older residents show notable challenges, with national rankings for chronic issues exceeding those of the general public.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
Young Surrounds is largely Australian-born, at 92.6% of residents, with 3.2% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (33.2%) and English (32.9%). 3.6% of residents identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Young Surrounds shows lower levels of cultural diversity than average, with citizens making up 89.2% of the population, 92.6% of residents born in Australia, and 96.8% speaking only English at home. Christianity is the dominant religion at 71.6%, which is higher than the 55.9% recorded across Regional NSW. In terms of parental heritage, the three largest ancestry groups are Australian at 33.2%, English at 32.9%, and Irish at 12.1%. There are also notable differences in the concentration of other groups: Australian Aboriginal residents account for 3.6% of the population (compared to 4.6% regionally), Serbian residents represent 0.3% (compared to 0.2% regionally), and Lebanese residents make up 0.3% (compared to 0.2% regionally).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Young Surrounds is 49, older than 89% of areas nationally. 18.8% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The median age of 49 in Young Surrounds is higher than the Regional NSW median of 43 and sits well above the Australian median of 38 years. Compared to Regional NSW, the 55 - 64 age bracket is overrepresented at 15.8% of the population, whereas the 25 - 34 bracket is underrepresented at 8.9%. Since 2021, the 75 to 84 cohort has increased from 8.4% to 9.2%, while the 45 to 54 cohort has declined from 12.7% to 11.7%. Projections to 2041 indicate notable shifts in the local age structure, with the 85+ bracket expected to grow by 151 people (78%) from 193 to 345, while declines are expected in the 55 to 64 and 15 to 24 age groups.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Young Surrounds
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | May 2026 3 months ago all 13 measures |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | Jul 2026 last month all 6 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Jul 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 49 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (7,677 at the 2021 Census → 7,809 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (101061544). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.