Doncaster

Suburb (SAL)

Greater Melbourne / Manningham - West

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data Sources ABSValuer GeneralRental BoardACARA Newest Aug 2026 · Refreshed ABS QuickStats SAL20771 How we calculate this
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Suburb (SAL) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.

SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.

Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Doncaster

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Doncaster

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Doncaster has an estimated 28,789 residents, up from 25,020 at the 2021 Census — a change of 3,769 people, or 15.1%. Growth has averaged 2.5% a year over five years, faster than 84% of areas nationally. 477 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. Overseas migration accounts for 92.0% of that increase. That puts 3,279 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

By analyzing ABS demographic updates for the wider region alongside new addresses verified by AreaSearch since the Census, the suburb of Doncaster has an estimated population of approximately 28,789 in May 2026. This represents a growth of 3,769 people (15.1%) from the 2021 Census, when the count stood at 25,020 people. This change is calculated using a resident population estimate of 28,752, which AreaSearch determined after examining the latest ERP data release from the ABS (June 2025) and incorporating an additional 477 validated new addresses since the Census date. With these numbers, the suburb of Doncaster has a density ratio of 3,278 persons per square kilometer, placing the suburb of Doncaster in the top quartile of all national locations assessed by AreaSearch.

The growth rate of 15.1% in the suburb of Doncaster since the 2021 census outpaced the SA3 area (7.8%) and the SA4 region, making it a regional growth leader. The primary driver of this demographic expansion was overseas migration, which accounted for roughly 92.0% of the overall population gains in recent times. AreaSearch employs ABS and Geoscience Australia projections for each SA2 area, published in 2024 with 2022 serving as the baseline. For any SA2 regions lacking this dataset, AreaSearch uses VIC State Government Regional/LGA projections from 2023, adjusted via weighted aggregation of population growth from LGA to SA2 levels. Demographic growth rates by age bracket derived from these aggregations are also applied across all areas for the years 2032 to 2041. Looking ahead at demographic trends, a substantial population rise in the top national quartile is projected, with the suburb of Doncaster expected to add 9,569 persons by 2041 based on aggregated SA2-level forecasts, which translates to a total increase of 33.1% over the 16 years.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the suburb of Doncaster?
Total population for the suburb of Doncaster was estimated to be approximately 28,789 as at May 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 28,752 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the suburb of Doncaster changed since 2021?
The suburb of doncaster has added approximately 3,769 people and shown a 15.06% increase from the 25,020 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the suburb of Doncaster?
The population density in the suburb of Doncaster is estimated at 3,278 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the suburb of Doncaster?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the suburb of Doncaster has shown a compound annual growth rate of 3.0% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the suburb of Doncaster?
Population growth in the suburb of Doncaster is driven by: Overseas migration (92.0%), Natural increase (8.0%), Interstate migration (0.0%). The primary driver is Overseas migration, contributing 92.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Doncaster

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884 new dwellings have been approved in Doncaster over the past five years, an average of 176 a year. That places the area in the 94th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 6 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 180 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 30% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 163, broadly in line with that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this Suburb (SAL) boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

According to AreaSearch analysis of ABS building approvals allocated from statistical area data, Doncaster has averaged approximately 176 annual dwelling approvals, accumulating to an estimated 884 residential units over the past 5 financial years. Thus far in FY-26150 approvals have been documented. Since an average of 3.7 new residents per year moved in per built dwelling over the past 5 financial years (from FY-21 to FY-25), demand is outstripping supply, which typically drives up pricing and intensifies buyer competition, while new properties average a construction value of $741,000, indicating that builders are targeting the luxury market with high-end offerings.

Furthermore, $110.0 million in commercial project approvals have been recorded this financial year, showing robust local commercial activity. Compared to Greater Melbourne, Doncaster has slightly higher construction activity (15.0% above the regional average per capita over the 5 year period), which helps maintain healthy buyer options while defending current property values. The mix of new residential projects consists of 30.0% detached dwellings and 70.0% attached dwellings. Concentrating on high-density housing options provides more budget-friendly entry points and caters to downsizers, investors, and first-time buyers. This represents a major shift from the existing housing stock (which currently stands at 53.0% houses), reflecting a scarcity of vacant land and answering changing lifestyle preferences and budget constraints. The area averages about 185 people per dwelling approval, showing a growing market. Demographic projections indicate Doncaster will add 9,532 residents through to 2041 (starting from the most recent AreaSearch quarterly estimate). If current building volumes do not increase, housing supply is likely to fall behind population growth, which could increase competition among buyers and support upward price pressure.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the suburb of Doncaster recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the suburb of Doncaster area has seen 309 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The suburb of Doncaster's current population of 28,789 has been supported by 176 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the suburb of Doncaster's development activity compare to the broader region?
The suburb of Doncaster has seen 0.67 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.9 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 184 people in the suburb of Doncaster, compared to one for every 125 in the broader region.
Is the suburb of Doncaster keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 9,532 people by 2041, around 4,766 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels may be insufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This indicates potential housing shortages if current approval trends continue.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the suburb of Doncaster?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the suburb of Doncaster's approval levels have been below the yearly average of 176, indicating a recent decline in approval activity.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the suburb of Doncaster?
The population in the suburb of Doncaster is expected to grow by 9,532 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 4,766 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the suburb of Doncaster?
Over the past five years, the population in the suburb of Doncaster has grown by approximately 9,786 people, while 884 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 11.1 people added for each new dwelling approval. This high ratio suggests strong population growth relative to housing supply, potentially indicating unmet housing demand.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the suburb of Doncaster?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 176 approvals per year and a population of 28,789, there appears to be a supply shortfall relative to projected demand, presenting strong opportunities for residential developers. With the population expected to increase by 9,532 people by 2041, around 4,766 new dwellings will be necessary. Current approval trends may be insufficient to meet forecast demand, indicating strong development opportunities.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Doncaster

Development applications around Doncaster

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
Application search is not available in Victoria. AreaSearch holds 4 applications for Doncaster, but they are a record of past activity rather than a current register. Victoria has no state-wide planning portal and its council coverage is uneven, so we have switched the search off here rather than return partial answers. We are currently investigating a solution. No credits are charged for Victorian applications, and building approvals from the ABS and the major projects we track are unaffected.

SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Doncaster

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AreaSearch tracks 27 current infrastructure and development projects inside Doncaster, worth an estimated $10.9 billion. A further 114 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $122.1 billion. 28 are already under construction and 43 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, transport & logistics and sports & recreation. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Local infrastructure projects, major planning developments, and public initiatives play a major role in shaping local area performance. In total, 43 projects have been identified by AreaSearch as having a potential impact on the locality. Key initiatives include Eastern Freeway Upgrades, North East Link - Doncaster Interchange Upgrades, Westfield Doncaster Expansion, and 686 Doncaster Apartments, with the following details focusing on those most relevant to the area.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Doncaster?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the suburb of Doncaster include: Eastern Freeway Upgrades (Construction); North East Link - Doncaster Interchange Upgrades (Construction); Westfield Doncaster Expansion (Approved); 686 Doncaster Apartments (Approved); and North East Link - Eastern Freeway Upgrades (Tram Road to Springvale Road) (Construction). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the suburb of Doncaster?
Infrastructure development impacting the suburb of Doncaster spans multiple sectors including Transport & Logistics, Residential Development, and Retail, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the suburb of Doncaster?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates substantial capital deployment exceeding $143.0 billion in projects that will impact the extended area, with a notable concentration of investment within the immediate the suburb of Doncaster vicinity.
How does the suburb of Doncaster's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
The suburb of Doncaster ranks in the top 10% nationally for infrastructure development, reflecting exceptional investment activity compared to similar areas across the country.
Eastern Freeway Upgrades
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2028
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

A massive overhaul of the Eastern Freeway as part of the North East Link Program, delivered in three packages. The upgrade adds 45km of new express lanes and Melbourne's first 7km dedicated express busway. Major milestones as of May 2026 include the approval of the Urban Design and Landscape Plan for the Tram Road to Springvale Road section and ongoing 'Mega Lift' operations at Bulleen Road. The project features 11km of new noise walls, 10km of upgraded shared paths, and a new bridge over the Yarra River, aimed at increasing peak speeds to 85km/h and saving 11 minutes for commuters.

Transport & Logistics

North East Link - Doncaster Interchange Upgrades
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2028
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Major reconstruction of the Doncaster Interchange as part of the North East Link and Eastern Freeway Upgrades. The existing Doncaster Road bridge was demolished in early January 2026 and is being rebuilt taller and wider to carry 10 lanes of traffic and accommodate Melbourne's first dedicated Eastern Busway beneath. A new multi-level car park (435 spaces), three longer bus platforms, a passenger services building, and improved pedestrian and cycling links form the upgraded Doncaster Park and Ride.The city-side of the new bridge is now open to traffic, with the Doncaster interchange targeted for completion in late 2026. The park and ride building is targeted for 2027, with the Eastern Busway opening in 2028 alongside the broader North East Link.

Transport & Logistics

Doncaster Park and Ride Upgrade
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2028
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Major upgrade of Doncaster Park and Ride as part of the Eastern Busway and North East Link Program. Works include a new multi-level car park with 435 spaces, three new bus platforms, passenger services building, improved walking and cycling links, bicycle parking, Drop and Go facilities and direct connection to the Eastern Busway. Construction commenced in 2025 with completion expected in 2028.

Transport & Logistics

Suburban Rail Loop - Doncaster Station
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2053
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Doncaster Station is a key underground component of the Suburban Rail Loop (SRL) North, providing the first-ever rail connection to the Manningham LGA. Located at Doncaster Hill, the project involves a deep-level station designed to link the eastern suburbs to Melbourne Airport via Box Hill and Heidelberg. The precinct planning focuses on high-density urban renewal, with the area expected to accommodate over 9,000 residents by 2046.

Transport & Logistics

Doncaster Hill Major Activity Centre
Category: Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2035
Source / Links: Link 1   

58-hectare sustainable high-density mixed-use urban village development in Doncaster. Designed to accommodate significant residential growth alongside employment for 8,000 people, incorporating sustainable design principles, high-density residential developments, and enhanced public transport connections.

Communities, Precincts & Urban Renewal

666 Doncaster Road Apartments
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Approved 13-storey mixed-use tower with 161 dwellings, restaurant and retail at ground, and basement parking. Design by Plus Architecture for Brabian Investments. Council issued a Notice of Decision to Grant a Permit in 2017; no clear evidence of construction commencement as of Aug 2025.

Residential Development

9-11 Clay Drive Apartments
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Approved | Est. Comp: 2026

A 5-storey residential development offering 36 modern apartments including 7 one-bedroom, 12 two-bedroom, 16 three-bedroom, and 1 four-bedroom options. Designed by Cornetta Partners Architects with landscaping by John Patrick Landscape Architects, the development features contemporary aesthetics with functional design across 2 buildings on a 1890mý site.

Residential Development

Templestowe Route Upgrade
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Templestowe Route Upgrade is a major infrastructure project to create a more vibrant and liveable community. It includes upgrades to 1.8km of roads such as Parker Street, Anderson Street, and others, with improvements like road resurfacing, footpath construction, drainage, kerb and channel, speed limit reductions, new pedestrian crossings, bus stop upgrades, and carpark formalization for safer and better-connected public spaces.

Transport & Logistics

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Doncaster

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14,495 residents of Doncaster are employed, from a labour force of 15,358. Unemployment sits at 5.6%, with participation at 61.8%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 7.0% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth, so in an area growing as fast as this one it understates the likely rise in local jobs. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Doncaster has a highly educated labor force with a strong professional services sector, an unemployment rate of 5.6%, and an estimated employment growth of 1.8% over the past year, according to AreaSearch figures aggregated from statistical areas. In March 2026, there were 14,495 residents in jobs, while the unemployment rate was 0.9% higher than the Greater Melbourne average of 4.8%, and workforce participation was much lower (61.8% versus Greater Melbourne's 70.2%). Census responses indicate that a high 35.0% of workers operated from home, though this figure may have been influenced by Covid-19 lockdown restrictions.

The major employment industries for residents are health care & social assistance, professional & technical, and retail trade. Conversely, manufacturing has a minimal footprint, employing 4.9% of the workforce compared to 7.2% across the wider region. This mostly residential locality appears to provide few local jobs, as shown by comparing the count of the Census working population against the resident population. Based on AreaSearch analysis of SALM and ABS statistics aggregated from broader statistical regions, the 12-month period saw a job growth of 1.8% and a labor force expansion of 2.6%, which raised the unemployment rate by 0.8 percentage points. In comparison, Greater Melbourne saw employment rise by 2.1% and the labor force grow by 2.3%, with its unemployment rate rising 0.2 percentage points. National employment forecasts from Jobs and Skills Australia published in May-25 provide additional context regarding future demand in Doncaster. These five and ten-year projections have been combined with the local industry mix to estimate growth trends. Nationwide employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, though these rates vary widely by industry. Weighting these sectoral projections against Doncaster's job profile suggests local employment could rise by 7.0% over five years and 14.2% over ten years (this represents a simple weighting extrapolation for illustration and does not incorporate localized population forecasts).

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the suburb of Doncaster?
As of March 2026, the suburb of Doncaster has approximately 14,495 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 5.6%. The unemployment rate is moderate, indicating some available workforce capacity. The area faces employment challenges compared to other regions nationally.
How does the suburb of Doncaster's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the suburb of Doncaster stands at 5.6%, which is 0.9 percentage points above Greater Melbourne's rate of 4.8%. This higher unemployment rate may indicate local labour market challenges. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the suburb of Doncaster?
The employment landscape in the suburb of Doncaster is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are health care & social assistance (15.4% of employment), professional & technical (11.8%), and retail trade (11.6%). Other significant employers include education & training and accommodation & food.
How has employment changed recently in the suburb of Doncaster?
Over the past year to March 2026, the suburb of Doncaster has experienced employment growth, with total employment increasing while the labour force increased. As a result, the unemployment rate has rise. By comparison, Greater Melbourne saw employment increased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the suburb of Doncaster?
The workforce participation rate in the suburb of Doncaster is 61.8%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate trailing the Greater Melbourne average of 70.2%, suggesting potential for increased workforce participation.
Which industries are over-represented in the suburb of Doncaster's employment market?
The suburb of doncaster shows notable specialization in retail trade, which employs 11.6% of the local workforce compared to 9.8% regionally. This moderate specialization indicates some local strength in the sector.
What are the employment growth prospects for the suburb of Doncaster?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the suburb of Doncaster's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 7.0% over the next five years and 14.2% over ten years. This exceeds the national forecast of 6.6% over five years, suggesting the area's industry composition is well-positioned for future growth. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the suburb of Doncaster compare nationally?
The suburb of doncaster's employment market shows weaker performance compared to most areas nationally. This suggests the need for targeted economic development initiatives. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region saw a 8.9% decline, ranking 34.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the suburb of Doncaster?
Skilled workers will find excellent opportunities in the suburb of Doncaster, with knowledge-intensive sectors comprising 44.2% of local employment. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (15.4%), professional & technical (11.8%), and education & training (8.6%). With projected employment growth of 7.0% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Doncaster

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Median household income in Doncaster is $1,592 a week (about $83,000 a year), with median personal income at $719 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $44,922 a year against an average of $64,883. The average runs 44% above the median, a wider spread than most areas and a sign of a concentrated group of high earners. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

The suburb of Doncaster recorded a median taxpayer income of $44,922 and an average of $64,883, based on the latest postcode-level ATO data compiled by AreaSearch for financial year 2023. These figures are below the national average and contrast with Greater Melbourne's median income of $57,688 and average of $75,164. Adjusting for a Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since financial year 2023, current estimates indicate figures of roughly $49,243 (median) and $71,125 (average) as of March 2026. According to 2021 Census data, household, family, and individual incomes are all relatively modest in Doncaster, falling between the 32nd and 41st percentiles.

The largest income bracket contains 29.7% of residents earning $1,500 - 2,999 weekly (8,550 residents), which aligns with regional patterns showing 32.8% of the population in this bracket. Housing affordability challenges are notable, with only 82.0% of income left over, placing the area in the 39th percentile, while its SEIFA income score falls in the 7th decile.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster is approximately $49,243. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $44,922.
What is the average taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster is approximately $71,125. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $64,883.
How does the median taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster is approximately $49,243 compared to $63,238 in Greater Melbourne. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $44,922 and $57,688 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the suburb of Doncaster is approximately $71,125 compared to $82,395 in Greater Melbourne. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $64,883 and $75,164 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the suburb of Doncaster according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~29.7% / 8,550 persons) of the suburb of Doncaster's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the suburb of Doncaster compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the suburb of Doncaster is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 29.7% of the population. In comparison, Greater Melbourne's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 32.8% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the suburb of Doncaster according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the suburb of Doncaster is $1,592/wk.
What is the median family income in the suburb of Doncaster according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the suburb of Doncaster is $1,958/wk.
What is the median personal income in the suburb of Doncaster according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the suburb of Doncaster is $719/wk.
How does the suburb of Doncaster's income rank nationally?
According to AreaSearch's aggregation of the latest postcode level ATO data released for FY-23, the suburb of Doncaster had a median income among taxpayers of $44,922 with the average level standing at $64,883. This is lower than average on a national basis and compares to levels of $57,688 and $75,164 across Greater Melbourne respectively. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 9.62% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $49,243 (median) and $71,125 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the suburb of Doncaster?
The estimated disposable income in the suburb of Doncaster is $5,657 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the suburb of Doncaster's disposable income compare to the region?
The suburb of doncaster's disposable income is $5,657 compared to $6,948 for Greater Melbourne, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Doncaster

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Doncaster had 9,937 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 53% detached houses and 27% apartments. 29% are owned with a mortgage, 32% rented and 39% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $450 a week and the median mortgage repayment $2,167 a month. Rent absorbs 28.3% of household income here and mortgage repayments 31.4%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

Residential housing structure in Doncaster at the latest Census consisted of 53.1% houses and 46.9% other dwellings (such as semi-detached homes, apartments, and alternative structures), compared to Melbourne metro's mix of 67.9% houses and 32.1% other dwellings. The rate of home ownership in Doncaster stood at 39.4%, which is higher than the Melbourne metro level, with the remaining dwellings split between those with a mortgage (28.5%) and rental properties (32.0%). The median monthly mortgage payment in the area was higher than the Melbourne metro average at $2,167, and the median weekly rent was recorded at $450, compared to Melbourne metro figures of $2,000 and $390 respectively.

Nationwide, mortgage repayments in Doncaster are much higher than the Australian average of $1,863, and weekly rents are also well above the national median of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the suburb of Doncaster?
In the suburb of Doncaster, 39.4% of homes are owned outright, 28.5% are owned with a mortgage, and 32.0% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Doncaster are houses?
According to the latest data, 53.1% of dwellings in the suburb of Doncaster are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the suburb of Doncaster are apartments or units?
In the suburb of Doncaster, 27.3% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 19.6% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the suburb of Doncaster?
Outright home ownership in the suburb of Doncaster stands at 39.4%, compared to 30.7% in Greater Melbourne.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Doncaster?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the suburb of Doncaster is $2,167, compared to $2,000 in Greater Melbourne.
What is the median weekly rent in the suburb of Doncaster?
The median weekly rent in the suburb of Doncaster is $450, compared to $390 in Greater Melbourne.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the suburb of Doncaster?
In the suburb of Doncaster, 1.2% of rentals are $0-149/week, 12.3% are $150-349/week, 75.1% are $350-649/week, 10.0% are $650-949/week, and 1.4% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the suburb of Doncaster?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the suburb of Doncaster is $1,241, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the suburb of Doncaster?
In the suburb of Doncaster, households with mortgages typically spend 31.4% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 28.3% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the suburb of Doncaster?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the suburb of Doncaster is 0.8, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the suburb of Doncaster compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the suburb of Doncaster shows mortgage holders spending 31.4% of income on repayments (vs 24.3% regionally), while renters spend 28.3% of income on rent (vs 20.5% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the suburb of Doncaster?
The dwelling mix in the suburb of Doncaster consists of 53.1% detached houses, 19.6% semi-detached dwellings, 27.3% apartments, and 0.0% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the suburb of Doncaster?
Accounting for the local ownership mix, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $1,241. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $2,167/month, and renters paying $1,948/month.
How affordable is housing in the suburb of Doncaster relative to local incomes?
Housing in Doncaster consumes approximately 18.0% of median household income ($6,893 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the suburb of Doncaster?
Recent development applications in Doncaster show attached dwellings contributing 64% of approvals compared to 47% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 36% of applications versus 53% of current dwellings. This suggests increasing densification. This area is seeing substantial increases in dwelling density compared to most Australian locations.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Doncaster

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Doncaster counted 9,937 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 11,434 today, averaging 2.4 people each. 29% are couples with children, against 29% couples without children. 26% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.4 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Family households represent 70.6% of all homes in the area, consisting of couples with children at 29.4%, couples without children at 28.5%, and single parent families at 11.1%. The remaining 29.4% is made up of non-family households, including single-person households at 26.1% and group houses at 3.3%. The median household size is 2.4 people, which is smaller than the Greater Melbourne average of 2.6.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the suburb of Doncaster?
As of the 2021 Census, the suburb of Doncaster had 9,937 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 15.1% to an estimated 11,434 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the suburb of Doncaster is 2.4 people. This compares to 2.6 in Greater Melbourne and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 70.6% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (26.1%), group households (3.3%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 7,015 family households, 29.4% are couples with children, 28.5% are couples without children at home, and 11.1% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the suburb of Doncaster compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Greater Melbourne, the suburb of Doncaster shows distinct household patterns. This higher proportion of single-person households drives demand for smaller dwellings and different community services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the suburb of Doncaster have an average of 1.4 children, matching the Greater Melbourne average of 1.4. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the suburb of Doncaster?
Marriage patterns reveal 51.9% of the adult population are currently married, while 31.9% have never married. This compares to 47.0% married and 38.0% never married across Greater Melbourne.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 26.1% of all households in the suburb of Doncaster, similar to the regional average of 24.8%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 3.3% of households, well below the Greater Melbourne average of 4.3%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Doncaster

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45.0% of adults in Doncaster hold a university qualification, including 28.6% with a bachelor degree and 13.3% with postgraduate qualifications, higher than 87% of areas nationally. A further 10.6% hold a vocational qualification. 5 schools serve the area, with 2,609 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,114 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

Educational attainment in Doncaster is high compared to broader averages, with 45.0% of residents aged 15+ holding a university degree, compared to 30.4% nationally and 33.4% in VIC. This educational pattern positions the local population well for knowledge-based employment. Bachelor degrees are the most common qualification at 28.6%, followed by postgraduate degrees (13.3%) and graduate diplomas (3.1%). Vocational training accounts for 21.9% of qualifications among residents aged 15+ – consisting of advanced diplomas (11.3%) and certificates (10.6%). School and university enrollment is strong, with 27.7% of residents currently studying in formal educational programs.

This comprises 7.8% in higher education, 7.1% in primary school, and 6.5% enrolled in secondary school.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the suburb of Doncaster have university qualifications?
45.0% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Doncaster have university qualifications, compared to 37.0% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the suburb of Doncaster have no formal qualifications?
33.1% of people aged 15 and over in the suburb of Doncaster have no formal qualifications, compared to 35.2% regionally.
How does the suburb of Doncaster's education level compare to national averages?
The suburb of doncaster ranks in the 87th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the suburb of Doncaster?
The most common qualifications in the suburb of Doncaster are: Bachelor Degree (28.6%), Postgraduate (13.3%), Advanced Diploma (11.3%).
What proportion of the suburb of Doncaster's population is currently attending educational institutions?
27.7% of the population in the suburb of Doncaster is currently engaged in formal education, with 7.1% in primary school, 6.5% in secondary school, 7.8% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the suburb of Doncaster?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the suburb of Doncaster is 1114, indicating above-average socio-educational advantage compared to the national average of 1000.
How many schools are located within the suburb of Doncaster?
There are 5 schools within the suburb of Doncaster, with a combined enrollment of approximately 2,609 students.
What types of schools are available in the suburb of Doncaster?
The suburb of doncaster includes 3 primary schools, 2 secondary schools.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Doncaster

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Doncaster

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Public transport in Doncaster reaches 109 stops on 33 routes, timetabled for about 6,200 services a week. The typical home sits about 190 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.1 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Public transport options include 109 active stops operating within Doncaster, consisting of bus services. These stops are served by 33 separate routes, which together accommodate 6,194 weekly passenger trips. Transport accessibility is high, with residents living an average of 191 meters from their nearest transit stop. Because it is a residential area, most residents travel elsewhere for work, with private cars being the primary mode of travel at 82% and buses at 9%. Average car ownership is 1.1 per dwelling, which is below the regional average. A high 35.0% of residents work from home (based on the 2021 Census, which may reflect pandemic-era conditions).

Service frequency averages 884 trips per day across all routes, which translates to approximately 56 weekly trips per transit stop. The map displays the 100 closest stops to the geographic center of the locality.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Doncaster?
There are 109 public transport stops within the suburb of Doncaster.
How frequent are the transport services in Doncaster?
the suburb of Doncaster has 6,194 weekly trips across 33 routes, averaging 884 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Doncaster?
On average, residential properties are 191 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Doncaster

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74.8% of residents in Doncaster report no long-term health condition, a healthier profile than 83% of areas nationally. 6.3% need daily assistance with core activities, and 52.5% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 5.1 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Health data shows positive trends throughout Doncaster, based on AreaSearch's evaluation of mortality rates and chronic illness indicators, which revealed low rates of common medical conditions across all age cohorts. Additionally, the proportion of residents with private health insurance is slightly higher than the average SA2 area, sitting at approximately 52% of the population (~15,114 people), compared to 56.7% in Greater Melbourne. The most prevalent medical conditions recorded among local residents were arthritis (6.8%) and asthma (5.2%), while 74.8% of the population reported no chronic health issues, compared to 72.6% across Greater Melbourne.

Residents aged 65 and over make up 21.8% of the local population (6,276 people), which is higher than the Greater Melbourne proportion of 15.0%. Health profiles for these older residents are very positive, with national benchmarks matching the overall population.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the suburb of Doncaster have private health insurance?
Around 52.5% of people in the suburb of Doncaster are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 56.7% in the broader region of Greater Melbourne.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the suburb of Doncaster?
In the suburb of Doncaster, 6.3% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 5.5% of people in Greater Melbourne require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the suburb of Doncaster?
5.2% of people in the suburb of Doncaster are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 7.3% of the population across Greater Melbourne is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the suburb of Doncaster?
Diabetes affects 4.5% of the the suburb of Doncaster population, while in the surrounding region, 4.1% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the suburb of Doncaster?
3.7% of people in the suburb of Doncaster have heart disease. Across the region of Greater Melbourne, 3.1% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the suburb of Doncaster compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the suburb of Doncaster, 52.5% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Greater Melbourne sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 56.7%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Doncaster

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56.5% of Doncaster residents were born overseas and 60.3% speak a language other than English at home, more culturally diverse than 95% of areas nationally. The largest reported ancestries are Chinese (31.4%) and English (12.4%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Doncaster has high cultural diversity, with 60.3% of residents speaking a language other than English at home and 56.5% born outside Australia. Christianity is the largest religious group, representing 43.2% of residents. The most significant overrepresentation is in Buddhism, which accounts for 6.9% of the population, compared to 4.2% in Greater Melbourne. Looking at ancestral background, the three largest groups in Doncaster are Chinese at 31.4% of the population, which is much higher than the regional average of 6.5%, Other at 13.2%, and English at 12.4%, which is lower than the regional average of 20.1%.

There are also differences in other backgrounds: Greek ancestry is higher at 7.2% (compared to 2.7% regionally), Korean is at 1.4% (compared to 0.3%), and Italian is at 5.8% (compared to 5.2% regionally).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the suburb of Doncaster?
Doncaster is among the most culturally diverse areas in the country, with 60.3% of its population speaking a language other than English at home and 56.5% born overseas.
What is the most common religion in the suburb of Doncaster?
The main religion in Doncaster was found to be Christianity, which makes up 43.2% of people in Doncaster. However, the most apparent overrepresentation was in Buddhism, which comprises 6.9% of the population, compared to 4.2% across Greater Melbourne.
What are the top countries of origin in the suburb of Doncaster?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Doncaster are Chinese, comprising 31.4% of the population, which is substantially higher than the regional average of 6.5%, Other, comprising 13.2% of the population, and English, comprising 12.4% of the population, which is notably lower than the regional average of 20.1%. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Greek is notably overrepresented at 7.2% of Doncaster (vs 2.7% regionally), Korean at 1.4% (vs 0.3%) and Italian at 5.8% (vs 5.2%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
56.5% of the the suburb of Doncaster population was born overseas, compared to 37.3% regionally.
What percentage of the the suburb of Doncaster population speaks a language other than English at home?
60.3% of the population in the suburb of Doncaster speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 35.9% in the wider region.
How many people in the suburb of Doncaster identify as Australian Aboriginal?
0.2% of the the suburb of Doncaster population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 0.5% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the suburb of Doncaster?
73.1% of the the suburb of Doncaster population holds citizenship, compared to 81.1% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Doncaster

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The median resident of Doncaster is 40. 26.9% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

The median age of local residents is 40, which is higher than the Greater Melbourne median of 37 and the national median of 38. Compared to Greater Melbourne, the 75 - 84 age cohort is larger (7.9% locally), while the 5 - 14 group is smaller (9.4%). Since 2021, the 35 to 44 age bracket has risen from 13.9% to 15.3% of the population, while the 45 to 54 cohort has decreased from 11.8% to 11.1%. Demographic projections suggest the age profile will change by 2041, with the 45 to 54 cohort expected to grow by 1,410 people (44%) from 3,195 to 4,606.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the suburb of Doncaster?
According to the latest data, the median age in the suburb of Doncaster is 40 years.
How does the suburb of Doncaster's median age compare to broader areas?
At 40 years, Doncaster is 3 years older than the Greater Melbourne average (37 years) and 2 years older than the national average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the suburb of Doncaster?
The most over-represented age group in the suburb of Doncaster compared to the Greater Melbourne region is the 75 - 84 group, making up 7.9% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the suburb of Doncaster?
The most under-represented age group in the suburb of Doncaster compared to the Greater Melbourne region is the 5 - 14 group, making up 9.4% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
Yes, certain age groups in the suburb of Doncaster show significant variance compared to the Greater Melbourne region. The most over-represented age groups are 85+ year-olds (4.7% vs 2.0%) and 75-84 year-olds (7.9% vs 5.1%).
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the suburb of Doncaster?
The percentage of children aged 0-14 years in the suburb of Doncaster is 13.5%.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the suburb of Doncaster?
The percentage of people aged 65 and over in the suburb of Doncaster is 21.8%.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Doncaster

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily Aug 2026 this month all 27 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Aug 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 477 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (25,020 at the 2021 Census → 28,789 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL20771). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

How do Doncaster suburb boundaries differ from Statistical Areas?
This page uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries (suburb-style geography). SAL represents commonly-known suburb names used in addresses, while Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census/statistical reporting. Even when sharing the same name, SAL and SA2 boundaries often cover different geographic areas with different populations.
Where does the data on this Doncaster page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Doncaster data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Jun 2026), property sales & rents (Aug 2026), infrastructure projects (Aug 2026) and services & amenities (Jul 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to May 2026), age profile (to May 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Aug 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

Nearby Areas