Cooma Surrounds

SA2

Rest of NSW / Snowy Mountains

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Statistical Area (SA2) Boundary Analysis

This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.

SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).

Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.

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Sales ActivityProperty Sales Trends in Cooma Surrounds

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The median house price in Cooma Surrounds is $542k. House values have moved 2.7% a year compounded over five years.

Curious about local property values? Filter the chart to assess the volume and appreciation (including resales) trends and regional comparisons, or scroll to the map below view this information at an individual property level.

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DemographicsPopulation Growth in Cooma Surrounds

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Cooma Surrounds has an estimated 3,594 residents, up from 3,472 at the 2021 Census — a change of 122 people, or 3.5%. Growth has averaged 0.9% a year over five years. Fewer than ten people live on each square kilometre, across a boundary that takes in surrounding rural land. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.

Detail

According to AreaSearch, the population of Cooma Surrounds is approximately 3,594 as of May 2026. This figure represents a gain of 122 individuals, or 3.5%, compared to the 2021 Census total of 3,472 residents. The adjustment derives from the ABS estimated resident population of 3,577 recorded in June 2025 plus 97 newly validated addresses since the census date. With a density of 0.60 persons per square kilometer, there is considerable room per inhabitant. This 3.5% post-census expansion places Cooma Surrounds within 1.0 percentage points of the SA4 region growth rate of 4.5%, indicating strong underlying growth dynamics.

Recent population gains were mainly fueled by interstate migration, accounting for roughly 58.0% of total additions, while overseas migration and natural increase also contributed positively. AreaSearch relies on ABS/Geoscience Australia projections for each SA2 area, published in 2024 using 2022 as the base year. Where SA2 data is unavailable, AreaSearch substitutes NSW State Government projections released in 2022 with 2021 as the base year. Age-specific growth rates from these datasets are also applied across all regions for the years 2032 to 2041. Looking ahead, Australia's non-metropolitan areas are expected to experience above median population growth, with Cooma Surrounds projected to add 478 people by 2041 based on the latest annual ERP figures, representing a 12.8% total rise over the 16-year period.

Frequently Asked Questions - Population

What is the latest population estimate for the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Total population for the Cooma Surrounds SA2 was estimated to be approximately 3,594 as at May 26. This is based upon an estimated resident population of 3,577 from the ABS up to June 2025.
How has the population in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 changed since 2021?
The cooma surrounds sa2 has added approximately 122 people and shown a 3.51% increase from the 3,472 people recorded at the 2021 Census period.
What is the population density in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The population density in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is estimated at 0 persons per square kilometer based on the latest population estimate.
How much has the population grown over the past 10 years in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Over the past 10 years, the population in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 has shown a compound annual growth rate of 0.8% per annum.
What are the main drivers of population growth in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Population growth in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is driven by: Interstate migration (58.0%), Overseas migration (27.5%), Natural increase (14.5%). The primary driver is Interstate migration, contributing 58.0% of overall population gains.

Residential SupplyHousing Development & Building Approvals in Cooma Surrounds

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60 new dwellings have been approved in Cooma Surrounds over the past five years, an average of 12 a year. That is 3.4 approvals per 1,000 residents. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 6, well below that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.

Detail

Over the last five financial years, from FY-21 to FY-25, Cooma Surrounds has seen an average of 12 new dwelling approvals each year, which adds up to 60 homes. In FY-26, six approvals have been recorded so far. Each new home built during this five-year period has brought about 2.6 new residents to the region, showing strong demand that supports local property values. Homes are currently being constructed with an average value of $413,000, which is a bit higher than the regional average, hinting at a preference for higher quality builds.

There have been $3.5 million worth of commercial approvals in the current financial year, showing that commercial development is not a major focus. When compared to the Rest of NSW, Cooma Surrounds accounts for roughly 68% of building activity per person and ranks in the 54th percentile nationally. This is below the national average, reflecting the area's established character and possibly pointing to constraints in planning approvals. New construction is made up of 90.0% detached dwellings and 10.0% medium and high-density housing, which maintains the low-density character of the area and appeals to buyers looking for more space. The location has approximately 299 people per dwelling approval, which highlights the low-density nature of the market. According to the latest AreaSearch quarterly estimate, Cooma Surrounds is projected to gain 461 residents by 2041. Building activity is keeping pace with the expected growth, but buyers may face increasing competition as the population expands.

Frequently Asked Questions - Development

How many dwelling approvals have occurred in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 recently?
Dwelling approval activity in the the Cooma Surrounds SA2 area has seen 24 residential approvals over the past two financial years, based on AreaSearch's SA2 aggregation method. The Cooma Surrounds SA2's current population of 3,594 has been supported by 12 approvals on average over recent years.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2's development activity compare to the broader region?
The Cooma Surrounds SA2 has seen 0.34 approvals per 100 people in recent years, compared to 0.58 approvals in the broader region. This means that one dwelling has been approved for every 299 people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2, compared to one for every 192 in the broader region.
Is the Cooma Surrounds SA2 keeping up with housing demand?
With the population expected to increase by 461 people by 2041, around 231 new dwellings will be necessary. Recent approval levels may be insufficient to meet these forecasts, considering the census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling. This indicates potential housing shortages if current approval trends continue.
What has been the trend in development approvals over the past five years in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Looking at development activity over the past five years, the Cooma Surrounds SA2's approval levels have been below the yearly average of 12, indicating a recent decline in approval activity.
How many dwellings will be needed to accommodate future population growth in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The population in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is expected to grow by 461 people by 2041, necessitating approximately 231 new dwellings. This calculation is based on the current census average of 2.0 persons per dwelling in the area.
How does recent development compare to population growth in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Over the past five years, the population in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 has grown by approximately 645 people, while 60 residential approvals were recorded. This equates to a ratio of 10.8 people added for each new dwelling approval. This high ratio suggests strong population growth relative to housing supply, potentially indicating unmet housing demand.
Are there opportunities for residential developers in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
With dwelling approval activity running at an average of 12 approvals per year and a population of 3,594, there appears to be a supply shortfall relative to projected demand, presenting strong opportunities for residential developers. With the population expected to increase by 461 people by 2041, around 231 new dwellings will be necessary. Current approval trends may be insufficient to meet forecast demand, indicating strong development opportunities.
Approvals Pipeline Development applications near Cooma Surrounds

Development applications around Cooma Surrounds

Development approvals is a new addition to AreaSearch. We’re actively expanding council coverage and refining the dataset — details and statuses for some councils may be partial. Check back regularly for the latest pipeline.
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SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.

Project PipelineInfrastructure & Major Projects in Cooma Surrounds

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AreaSearch tracks 4 current infrastructure and development projects inside Cooma Surrounds, worth an estimated $12.8 billion. A further 48 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $28.5 billion. 20 are already under construction and 20 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, sports & recreation and education & training. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.

Detail

Local infrastructure shifts, large scale projects and planning efforts hold the greatest sway over regional outcomes. AreaSearch has pinpointed 28 projects expected to affect the area. The most significant initiatives involve the Cooma Solar Farm, Monaro High School Upgrade, Polo Flat Road Roundabout and Cooma Festival Swimming Pool Upgrades, with the following list providing further detail on these key developments.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure

What are some of the major infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Key infrastructure and planning changes likely to influence the Cooma Surrounds SA2 include: Cooma Solar Farm (Planning); Monaro High School Upgrade (Completed); Polo Flat Road Roundabout (Construction); Cooma Festival Swimming Pool Upgrades (Construction); and Monaro Highway and Baron Street Intersection Upgrade (Completed). These projects represent significant developments that will shape the area's future infrastructure landscape.
What types of infrastructure projects are impacting the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Infrastructure development impacting the Cooma Surrounds SA2 spans multiple sectors including Residential Development, Energy, and Transport & Logistics, among others.
What is the scale of infrastructure investment impacting the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Infrastructure investment analysis indicates significant investment of approximately $337 million in infrastructure projects affecting the region.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2's infrastructure development compare to other areas?
The Cooma Surrounds SA2 shows moderate infrastructure development relative to national averages, with opportunities for future growth and investment.
Cooma Solar and Battery Project
Category: Energy
Stage: Planning | Est. Comp: 2028
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Proposed utility-scale solar and battery project at Bunyan, about 7 km north-east of Cooma. ACEN describes the project as an 80 MW renewable energy generation project with a 180 MW two-hour battery energy storage system, solar panels, electrical infrastructure, access roads and supporting facilities. NSW major project record SSD-73192208 is currently shown as withdrawn, while the federal EPBC referral 2024/10015 is shown as assessment approach determined, so the project remains in the planning and approvals phase rather than construction.

Energy

3 Thurrung Street Residential Subdivision
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Under Assessment | Est. Comp: 2026
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

20-lot staged residential subdivision development application submitted by Jack Atkinson Surveying. Property is Lot 2 DP: 860934 with application number 10.2025.91.1.

Residential Development

Polo Flat Road Roundabout
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2025
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

New roundabout at intersection of Monaro Highway and Polo Flat Road to increase safety and efficiency. Includes dedicated right turn lane for Yallakool Road. Supports access for Snowy 2.0 project with Snowy Hydro contribution.

Transport & Logistics

Monaro High School Upgrade
Category: Education & Training
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2022
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Major upgrade including new performing arts centre with theatre capacity for 350 people, innovation hub with 11 specialised learning spaces, 31 new flexible learning spaces, special education facilities, new semi-commercial kitchen, upgraded wood and metal workshops, refurbished staff facilities, and landscaping improvements.

Education & Training

Alpine Rise - Cooma Land Project
Category: Residential Development
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Cooma Land project, known as Alpine Rise (North Precinct), is a masterplanned housing development unlocking 140 land lots to yield up to 177 homes. Supported by a $23.6 million joint government investment, it will provide a mix of private market lots, affordable and key worker housing, seniors living apartments, and social housing. Civil construction is underway to provide essential infrastructure including roads, water, power, and sewer.

Residential Development

Cooma Festival Swimming Pool Upgrades
Category: Sports & Recreation
Stage: Construction | Est. Comp: 2027
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

Major refurbishment of the Cooma Festival Swimming Pool including upgrades to the 25 metre, rehabilitation and toddler pools, new filtration and pumping systems, replacement pipework, a new plant room, accessibility improvements and reduced pool depth. Construction resumed in 2026 after contractor issues and additional council funding was approved to complete the works.

Sports & Recreation

Monaro Highway and Baron Street Intersection Upgrade
Category: Transport & Logistics
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2021
Source / Links: Link 1   

Major intersection upgrade as part of $140M Safer Roads Program including new roundabout, concrete islands, drainage works and street lighting. Stage one included footpath upgrades and utility relocations.

Transport & Logistics

Cooma Hospital Redevelopment
Category: Health & Medical
Stage: Completed | Est. Comp: 2025
Source / Links: Link 1   Link 2  

The Cooma Hospital Redevelopment upgraded critical healthcare facilities to support the Snowy Monaro community. The project delivered an expanded Emergency Department (opened July 2022), a modern Maternity Department (opened February 2023), and a new purpose-built Ambulatory Care Centre (opened December 2023). Additional features include a relocated pathology service, improved medical imaging, and the recent addition of 12 key worker accommodation units (completed April 2025) to assist with staff recruitment and retention.

Health & Medical

Jobs & IndustryEmployment Trends in Cooma Surrounds

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2,000 residents of Cooma Surrounds are employed, from a labour force of 2,029. Unemployment sits at 1.4%, with participation at 65.9%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 5.4% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 2,972, about 83% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Cooma Surrounds boasts a skilled and diverse workforce with an unemployment rate of just 1.4%. As of March 2026, 2,000 residents are employed, and the local unemployment rate sits at 2.7%, which is 2.7% lower than Regional NSW's rate of 4.1%. Workforce participation stands at 65.9%, significantly above the Regional NSW average of 60.6%. Census data indicates that a moderate 19.0% of residents work from home, though the lingering effects of Covid-19 lockdowns should be considered when interpreting this figure. The leading employment sectors include agriculture, forestry & fishing, public administration & safety, and construction.

There is particularly strong specialization in agriculture, forestry & fishing, with an employment share 3.6 times the regional level. In contrast, health care & social assistance has a limited presence, accounting for 7.0% of employment compared to 16.9% in the broader region. The area appears to offer limited local employment opportunities, as suggested by the ratio of Census working population to resident population. According to AreaSearch analysis of SALM and ABS data, the 12-month period saw the labour force decrease by 2.3% while employment declined by 1.7%, resulting in unemployment falling by 0.6 percentage points. By comparison, Regional NSW experienced a 0.9% decline in employment, a 0.4% decline in the labour force, and a 0.5 percentage point rise in unemployment. Jobs and Skills Australia's national employment forecasts from May-25 can provide further insight into potential future demand within Cooma Surrounds. These projections, which cover five and ten-year periods, have been mapped against the local employment profile to estimate growth patterns. While national employment is forecast to expand by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, growth rates vary significantly across industry sectors. Applying these industry-specific projections to Cooma Surrounds's employment mix suggests local employment should increase by 5.4% over five years and 11.5% over ten years (please note this is a simple weighting extrapolation for illustrative purposes and does not take into account localised population projections).

Frequently Asked Questions - Employment

What is the employment situation in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
As of March 2026, the Cooma Surrounds SA2 has approximately 2,000 employed residents with an unemployment rate of 1.4%. This very low unemployment rate indicates a tight labour market with strong demand for workers. The area ranks in the top 25% nationally for employment performance, indicating a robust job market.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2's unemployment rate compare to the broader region?
As of March 2026, the unemployment rate in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 stands at 1.4%, which is 2.7 percentage points below Regional NSW's rate of 4.1%. This lower unemployment rate suggests stronger local employment conditions. For comparison, the national unemployment rate is 4.2%.
What are the major employment sectors in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The employment landscape in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is dominated by several key sectors. The largest employers are agriculture, forestry & fishing (19.3% of employment), public administration & safety (13.0%), and construction (11.2%). Other significant employers include retail trade and accommodation & food.
How has employment changed recently in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Over the past year to March 2026, the Cooma Surrounds SA2 has experienced a decline in employment, with total jobs decreasing while the labour force decreased. As a result, the unemployment rate has fall. By comparison, Regional NSW saw employment decreased and its unemployment rate rose.
What is the workforce participation rate in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The workforce participation rate in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is 65.9%, which represents the proportion of working-age residents who are either employed or actively seeking work. This healthy participation rate reflects good employment opportunities and workforce engagement. The local rate leading the Regional NSW average of 60.6%, indicating stronger workforce attachment in the local area.
Which industries are over-represented in the Cooma Surrounds SA2's employment market?
The cooma surrounds sa2 shows notable specialization in agriculture, forestry & fishing, which employs 19.3% of the local workforce compared to 5.3% regionally. With a local vs regional employment ratio of 3.6, this represents a significant industry cluster that likely serves markets beyond the local area. The area also shows above-average employment in 2 other sectors, contributing to a distinctive economic profile.
What are the employment growth prospects for the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Based on Jobs and Skills Australia projections applied to the Cooma Surrounds SA2's industry mix, employment is expected to grow by 5.4% over the next five years and 11.5% over ten years. This compares to national growth expectations of 6.6% over five years. Steady growth is anticipated across multiple sectors, providing diverse employment opportunities.
How does the job market in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compare nationally?
The cooma surrounds sa2's employment market shows strong performance nationally, ranking in the top 25% of areas assessed by AreaSearch. This indicates robust employment conditions and economic vitality compared to other regions. Recent job advertisement trends show the broader employment region saw a 0.9% decline, ranking 18.0th out of 37 regions nationally.
What employment opportunities exist for skilled workers in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Skilled workers will find selective opportunities in the Cooma Surrounds SA2, with knowledge-based sectors representing 19.9% of local jobs. Key sectors for skilled workers include health care & social assistance (7.0%), education & training (6.4%), and professional & technical (5.4%). With projected employment growth of 5.4% over five years, demand for skilled workers is expected to remain strong.

EarningsHousehold Income in Cooma Surrounds

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Median household income in Cooma Surrounds is $1,596 a week (about $83,000 a year), with median personal income at $794 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $52,283 a year against an average of $63,067. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.

Detail

According to AreaSearch's aggregation of Australian Taxation Office data for financial year 2023, the Cooma Surrounds SA2 area reports a median taxpayer income of $52,283 and an average income of $63,067. These figures fall below the national average, whereas Regional NSW exhibits a median income of $52,390 and an average of $65,215. When adjusted for a Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since financial year 2023, projected values reach approximately $57,679 for the median and $69,576 for the average by March 2026. Data from the 2021 Census shows that household, family, and personal incomes in Cooma Surrounds fall modestly within the 41st to 48th percentiles.

The income distribution reveals that 30.1% of residents, totaling 1,081 people, earn between $1,500 and $2,999, a pattern mirroring the broader region where 29.9% occupy the same bracket. Housing affordability remains relatively strong with 89.5% of households retaining their homes, even as disposable income ranks below average at the 47th percentile and the area's SEIFA income position falls within the 6th decile.

Frequently Asked Questions - Income

What is the median taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is approximately $57,679. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded a median of $52,283.
What is the average taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is approximately $69,576. The official ATO data from FY-23 recorded an average of $63,067.
How does the median taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated median taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is approximately $57,679 compared to $57,797 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $52,283 and $52,390 respectively.
How does the average taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compare to the region?
Based on Wage Price Index adjustments to March 2026, the estimated average taxable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is approximately $69,576 compared to $71,945 in Regional NSW. The official ATO data from FY-23 shows $63,067 and $65,215 respectively.
What are the main income cohorts in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
As per the 2021 Census, the income bracket containing the largest proportion (~30.1% / 1,081 persons) of the Cooma Surrounds SA2's population is the $1,500 - 2,999 cohort.
How do the main income cohorts in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compare to the region?
The largest income cohort in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing about 30.1% of the population. In comparison, Regional NSW's largest income cohort is the $1,500 - 2,999 group, representing 29.9% of its population, according to the 2021 Census.
What is the median household income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census data indicates that the median household income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is $1,596/wk.
What is the median family income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
According to the 2021 Census, the median family income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is $2,068/wk.
What is the median personal income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 according to the 2021 Census?
The 2021 Census shows that the median personal income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is $794/wk.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2's income rank nationally?
As per AreaSearch's latest postcode level ATO data released for FY-23, the Cooma Surrounds SA2's median income among taxpayers is $52,283, with an average of $63,067. This is lower than average on a national basis, and compares to Regional NSW's median of $52,390 and average of $65,215. Based on Wage Price Index growth of 10.32% since FY-23, current estimates would be approximately $57,679 (median) and $69,576 (average) as of March 2026.
What is the disposable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The estimated disposable income in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is $6,193 per year according to AreaSearch analysis.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2's disposable income compare to the region?
The cooma surrounds sa2's disposable income is $6,193 compared to $5,252 for Regional NSW, based on AreaSearch analysis.

Housing StockHousing & Dwellings in Cooma Surrounds

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Cooma Surrounds had 1,277 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 99% detached houses and 0% apartments. 37% are owned with a mortgage, 10% rented and 53% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $290 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,627 a month. Rent absorbs 18.2% of household income here and mortgage repayments 23.5%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.

Detail

According to the most recent Census data, the residential composition of Cooma Surrounds showed that 98.7% of dwellings were houses, whereas 1.2% fell into other categories such as semi-detached units, apartments, and other dwelling types. This distribution contrasts sharply with the broader Regional NSW area, where houses account for 82.6% and other dwellings make up 17.4%. Home ownership rates in Cooma Surrounds stand at 53.3%, which is notably higher than the Regional NSW average. The remaining properties in the area are either mortgaged at 36.7% or rented at 10.0%. Financial metrics reveal that the median monthly mortgage payment in Cooma Surrounds is $1,627, falling below the Regional NSW mean of $1,733.

Weekly rental costs are also comparatively low, standing at $290 against the Regional NSW benchmark of $330. On a national scale, mortgage obligations in Cooma Surrounds are considerably less than the Australian average of $1,863, and weekly rents are significantly under the national figure of $375.

Frequently Asked Questions - Housing

What percentage of homes are owned vs rented in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
In the Cooma Surrounds SA2, 53.3% of homes are owned outright, 36.7% are owned with a mortgage, and 10.0% are rented.
What percentage of dwellings in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 are houses?
According to the latest data, 98.7% of dwellings in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 are houses.
What percentage of dwellings in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 are apartments or units?
In the Cooma Surrounds SA2, 0.0% of dwellings are apartments or units, with an additional 0.2% being semi-detached dwellings.
What is the level of outright home ownership in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Outright home ownership in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 stands at 53.3%, compared to 39.6% in Regional NSW.
What is the median monthly mortgage repayment in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The median monthly mortgage repayment in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is $1,627, compared to $1,733 in Regional NSW.
What is the median weekly rent in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The median weekly rent in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is $290, compared to $330 in Regional NSW.
What is the distribution of rental prices in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
In the Cooma Surrounds SA2, 10.4% of rentals are $0-149/week, 60.4% are $150-349/week, 20.8% are $350-649/week, 5.2% are $650-949/week, and 3.1% are $950+/week.
What is the average monthly housing cost in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The aggregate monthly housing cost in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is $722, which represents the average monthly cost across all housing types.
What percentage of income do residents spend on housing in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
In the Cooma Surrounds SA2, households with mortgages typically spend 23.5% of their income on mortgage repayments, while renters spend 18.2% of their income on rent.
How crowded are homes in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The average persons per bedroom ratio in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is 0.7, indicating the level of household density.
How does housing affordability in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compare to the region?
Housing affordability in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 shows mortgage holders spending 23.5% of income on repayments (vs 27.9% regionally), while renters spend 18.2% of income on rent (vs 23.0% regionally).
What types of dwellings are most common in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The dwelling mix in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 consists of 98.7% detached houses, 0.2% semi-detached dwellings, 0.0% apartments, and 1.0% other dwelling types.
What is the weighted average housing cost based on tenure mix in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Accounting for the local ownership mix, the weighted average monthly housing cost is approximately $723. This accounts for outright owners paying no housing costs, mortgage holders paying $1,627/month, and renters paying $1,256/month.
How affordable is housing in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 relative to local incomes?
Housing in Cooma Surrounds consumes approximately 10.5% of median household income ($6,911 monthly), indicating costs are highly affordable. The generally accepted benchmark is that housing should not exceed 30% of household income.
How do proposed developments compare to existing housing types in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Recent development applications in Cooma Surrounds show attached dwellings contributing 0% of approvals compared to 1% of existing stock, while detached houses represent 100% of applications versus 99% of current dwellings. This suggests development patterns consistent with existing housing mix. Density increases remain below national trends.

HouseholdsHousehold Composition in Cooma Surrounds

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Cooma Surrounds counted 1,277 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.4 people each. 28% are couples with children, against 37% couples without children. 27% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.9 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Family households account for 72.1% of all households, including 27.8% couples with children, 37.2% couples without children, and 6.5% single parent families. Non-family households represent 27.9% of the total, with lone person households at 26.7% and group households making up 1.1%. The median household size stands at 2.4 people, which is the same as the average for Regional NSW.

Frequently Asked Questions - Households

How many households are in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
As of the 2021 Census, the Cooma Surrounds SA2 had 1,277 households. Based on population growth patterns, this has grown by approximately 3.5% to an estimated 1,322 households today.
What is the typical household size?
The median household size in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is 2.4 people. This compares to 2.4 in Regional NSW and reflects the area's household composition mix.
What types of households are most common?
Family households dominate at 72.1% of all households. The remaining households consist of lone person households (26.7%), group households (1.1%), and other household types (0.0%).
How are families structured in the area?
Among the 920 family households, 27.8% are couples with children, 37.2% are couples without children at home, and 6.5% are single parent families. This mix shapes local demand for schools, family services, and housing types.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compare to regional household patterns?
Compared to Regional NSW, the Cooma Surrounds SA2 shows distinct household patterns. This family-oriented profile influences local demand for family homes, schools, and children's services.
What is the average family size?
Families in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 have an average of 1.9 children, slightly above the Regional NSW average of 1.8. This influences local demand for child-related services and larger family homes.
What are the marriage patterns in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Marriage patterns reveal 52.7% of the adult population are currently married, while 28.2% have never married. This compares to 45.6% married and 34.3% never married across Regional NSW.
How significant are single-person households?
Single-person households represent 26.7% of all households in the Cooma Surrounds SA2, similar to the regional average of 27.9%. This affects demand for smaller dwellings and single-person accommodation.
Are shared living arrangements common?
Group households (unrelated people sharing) account for 1.1% of households, well below the Regional NSW average of 3.3%. This low rate suggests limited student or young professional shared accommodation.
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EducationSchools & Education in Cooma Surrounds

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22.6% of adults in Cooma Surrounds hold a university qualification, including 15.7% with a bachelor degree and 4.6% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 31.4% hold a vocational qualification. 3 schools serve the area, with 35 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 950 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.

Detail

University degree attainment in the Cooma Surrounds region is lower than the statewide average, with 22.6% of residents aged 15+ holding such qualifications compared to 32.2% across NSW. This disparity suggests opportunities for educational growth and skill development. Bachelor degrees represent the largest share of higher education credentials at 15.7%, followed by postgraduate qualifications at 4.6% and graduate diplomas at 2.3%. Vocational training is widely represented, as 42.3% of residents aged 15+ possess trade or technical certifications, including advanced diplomas (10.9%) and certificates (31.4%). Active learning remains common, with 27.8% of residents currently attending formal schooling.

Enrollment breaks down into 10.3% in primary education, 9.6% in secondary education, and 2.4% in tertiary education.

Frequently Asked Questions - Education

What percentage of people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 have university qualifications?
22.6% of people aged 15 and over in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 have university qualifications, compared to 21.3% in the broader region.
What percentage of people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 have no formal qualifications?
35.1% of people aged 15 and over in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 have no formal qualifications, compared to 39.1% regionally.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2's education level compare to national averages?
The cooma surrounds sa2 ranks in the 32th percentile nationally for education based on AreaSearch's analysis of qualification and performance metrics.
What types of qualifications are most common in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The most common qualifications in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 are: Certificate (31.4%), Bachelor Degree (15.7%), Advanced Diploma (10.9%).
What proportion of the Cooma Surrounds SA2's population is currently attending educational institutions?
27.8% of the population in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is currently engaged in formal education, with 10.3% in primary school, 9.6% in secondary school, 2.4% at university.
What is the ICSEA score for schools in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The average ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage) score for schools in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is 950, indicating below-average socio-educational advantage compared to the national average of 1000.
How many schools are located within the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
There are 3 schools within the Cooma Surrounds SA2, with a combined enrollment of approximately 35 students.
What types of schools are available in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The cooma surrounds sa2 includes 3 primary schools.

Schools Detail

AmenitiesServices & Amenities in Cooma Surrounds

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Getting AroundTransport & Commuting in Cooma Surrounds

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Public transport in Cooma Surrounds reaches 116 stops on 23 routes, timetabled for about 170 services a week. The typical home sits about 1,370 m from its nearest stop. Households keep an average of 1.9 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.

Detail

Analysis of public transport in Cooma Surrounds shows 116 active stops combining train and bus services. These stops are served by 23 separate routes that together deliver 169 weekly passenger trips. Accessibility for transport is considered limited, with most residents living 1368 meters from the closest stop. Because the area is mainly residential, most people travel away from home for work, and cars account for 92% of trips while walking makes up 5%. Households own an average of 1.9 vehicles, which exceeds the regional average. Approximately 19.0% of residents work from home (2021 Census; may reflect COVID-19 conditions).

Across all routes, service frequency averages 24 trips per day, which works out to roughly 1 weekly trip per individual stop. The accompanying map displays the 100 nearest stops to the location centrepoint.

Frequently Asked Questions - Transport

How many public transport stops are in Cooma Surrounds?
There are 116 public transport stops within the Cooma Surrounds SA2.
How frequent are the transport services in Cooma Surrounds?
the Cooma Surrounds SA2 has 169 weekly trips across 23 routes, averaging 24 trips per day.
How far are residents from public transport in Cooma Surrounds?
On average, residential properties are 1368 meters from the nearest transport stop.

Transport Stops Detail

HealthcareHealth Services in Cooma Surrounds

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64.6% of residents in Cooma Surrounds report no long-term health condition. 4.8% need daily assistance with core activities, and 50.4% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.3 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.

Detail

Cooma Surrounds shows better than average health results, according to AreaSearch’s evaluation of mortality and chronic disease rates, with both younger and older age groups exhibiting low levels of common illnesses. Private health insurance coverage is relatively low in the area, standing at roughly 50% of the total population, which amounts to about 1,811 individuals, compared to a national average of 55.7%. Arthritis and mental health problems are the most frequently reported medical conditions, affecting 10.9% and 8.1% of residents respectively. Meanwhile, 64.6% of people in Cooma Surrounds report being entirely free of medical conditions, a figure that slightly exceeds the 63.3% reported across Regional NSW.

Adults of working age encounter significant health difficulties, marked by higher rates of chronic diseases. The community has 26.8% of its residents aged 65 and over, representing 963 people, which is greater than the 23.4% share observed in Regional NSW. Elderly health outcomes in the area are especially robust, with national rankings surpassing those of the broader population.

Frequently Asked Questions - Health

How many people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 have private health insurance?
Around 50.4% of people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 are covered by private health insurance, which compares to 51.9% in the broader region of Regional NSW.
What percentage of the population requires ongoing medical assistance in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
In the Cooma Surrounds SA2, 4.8% of the population is identified as requiring ongoing medical assistance. This figure is slightly different from the regional average, where 6.8% of people in Regional NSW require similar assistance.
How prevalent is asthma in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
7.8% of people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 are diagnosed with asthma. In comparison, 8.4% of the population across Regional NSW is affected by asthma.
What percentage of people have diabetes in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Diabetes affects 4.3% of the the Cooma Surrounds SA2 population, while in the surrounding region, 4.7% of people are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the percentage of people with heart disease in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
4.6% of people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 have heart disease. Across the region of Regional NSW, 4.4% of the population is affected by heart disease.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compare to the region in terms of overall private health coverage?
In the Cooma Surrounds SA2, 50.4% of the population are estimated to have private health insurance. Comparatively, Regional NSW sees an estimated private health coverage rate of 51.9%.

Ancestry & LanguageCultural Diversity in Cooma Surrounds

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Cooma Surrounds is largely Australian-born, at 87.2% of residents, with 4.5% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are English (30.7%) and Australian (28.9%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.

Detail

Cooma Surrounds exhibits below average cultural diversity, with 88.4% of its population being citizens, 87.2% born in Australia, and 95.5% speaking English only at home. The main religion in Cooma Surrounds was found to be Christianity, which makes up 58.6% of people in Cooma Surrounds. This compares to 55.9% across Regional NSW. In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Cooma Surrounds are English, comprising 30.7% of the population, Australian, comprising 28.9% of the population, and Irish, comprising 11.4% of the population. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Scottish is notably overrepresented at 10.1% of Cooma Surrounds (vs 8.0% regionally), German at 4.1% (vs 3.1%) and Lebanese at 0.4% (vs 0.2%).

Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity

What is the level of cultural diversity in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
Cooma Surrounds was found to be below average in terms of cultural diversity, with 88.4% of its population being citizens, 87.2% born in Australia, and 95.5% speaking English only at home.
What is the most common religion in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The main religion in Cooma Surrounds was found to be Christianity, which makes up 58.6% of people in Cooma Surrounds. This compares to 55.9% across Regional NSW.
What are the top countries of origin in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
In terms of ancestry (country of birth of parents), the top three represented groups in Cooma Surrounds are English, comprising 30.7% of the population, Australian, comprising 28.9% of the population, and Irish, comprising 11.4% of the population. Additionally, there are notable divergences in the representation of certain other ethnic groups: Scottish is notably overrepresented at 10.1% of Cooma Surrounds (vs 8.0% regionally), German at 4.1% (vs 3.1%) and Lebanese at 0.4% (vs 0.2%).
How does the percentage of people born overseas compare to the regional average?
12.8% of the the Cooma Surrounds SA2 population was born overseas, compared to 13.0% regionally.
What percentage of the the Cooma Surrounds SA2 population speaks a language other than English at home?
4.5% of the population in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 speaks a language other than English at home, compared to 7.1% in the wider region.
How many people in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 identify as Australian Aboriginal?
2.2% of the the Cooma Surrounds SA2 population identifies as Australian Aboriginal, compared to 4.6% in the region.
What is the citizenship status of the population in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
88.4% of the the Cooma Surrounds SA2 population holds citizenship, compared to 89.2% in the wider region.

Age StructureAge Profile of Cooma Surrounds

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The median resident of Cooma Surrounds is 50, older than 91% of areas nationally. 20.1% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.

Detail

Cooma Surrounds has a median age of 50, which is higher than the Regional NSW figure of 43 and also above the 38-year national average. The 55 - 64 age group makes up 16.8% of the population, compared to Regional NSW, while the 35 - 44 group accounts for 9.3%. This 55 - 64 concentration exceeds the national 11.2%. According to the 2021 Census, the 15 to 24 age group increased from 9.1% to 10.6%, and the 65 to 74 group rose from 13.7% to 15.1%. In contrast, the 45 to 54 group fell from 16.1% to 13.0%, and the 5 to 14 group decreased from 11.7% to 9.4%.

Demographic modeling indicates that Cooma Surrounds's age structure will change considerably by 2041. The 35 to 44 cohort is expected to grow by 112 people (34%), rising from 334 to 447. At the same time, decreases are forecast for the 15 to 24 and 45 to 54 age groups.

Frequently Asked Questions - Age

What is the median age in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
According to the latest data, the median age in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is 50 years.
How does the Cooma Surrounds SA2's median age compare to broader areas?
At 50 years, Cooma Surrounds is 7 years older than the Regional NSW average (43 years) and 12 years older than the national average (38 years).
What age groups are over-represented in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The most over-represented age group in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compared to the Regional NSW region is the 55 - 64 group, making up 16.8% of the population.
What age groups are under-represented in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The most under-represented age group in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 compared to the Regional NSW region is the 35 - 44 group, making up 9.3% of the population.
Are there age groups with notable population variances?
No, the age distribution in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is broadly in line with the Regional NSW region.
What is the percentage of children (0-14 years) in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The percentage of children aged 0-14 years in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is 14.0%.
What is the percentage of older people (65+ years) in the Cooma Surrounds SA2?
The percentage of people aged 65 and over in the Cooma Surrounds SA2 is 26.8%.

Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Cooma Surrounds

Data currency Refreshed

9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.

Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.

The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section

Section Source & update cycle Currency
Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections
Population ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline.
Age profile ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate.
Development & approvals ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline
Property sales & rents Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures
Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026.
Infrastructure projects Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily May 2026 3 months ago all 4 projects tracked here
Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026.
Employment ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census.
Education ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Transport ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Services & amenities Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures
Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections
Income ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail.
Health ABS, ATO Annual 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline
Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current.
Housing ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures
Households ABS 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures
Cultural diversity ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures

"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.

How the numbers are built

Population

The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 97 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (3,472 at the 2021 Census → 3,594 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.

Age profile

Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".

Property sales

Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.

Rents

Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.

Development & infrastructure

Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.

Employment & income

Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.

Education, transport & amenities

School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.

Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.

Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.

Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (101031015). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.

Common questions about this page

Why can the Cooma Surrounds SA2 boundary differ from the suburb boundary?
This page uses ABS Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) boundaries for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP). SA2 areas can differ materially from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, even when they share similar names, because they are defined for different purposes and often use different geographic boundaries.
Where does the data on this Cooma Surrounds page come from?
AreaSearch compiles this page from official and industry sources — including ABS, Geoscience Australia, Valuer General, Provider directories, DEWR, JSA, State Transport Departments and ACARA — then aggregates them to the boundary shown and calculates the rankings, growth rates and benchmarks itself. Property sales come from the state valuation authority, rents from state rental bond lodgements, development applications from council and state planning portals, school data from ACARA, and public transport from state transport departments.
Is the Cooma Surrounds data on this page just from the 2021 Census?
No. Most of this page is maintained well beyond the Census. Sourced entirely from current releases: development & approvals (Jun 2026), property sales & rents (Aug 2026), infrastructure projects (May 2026) and services & amenities (Jul 2026). Built on a Census baseline but carrying newer measures on top: population (to May 2026), age profile (to May 2026), employment (to Mar 2026), income (to FY 2023), education (to Aug 2026), transport (to Jul 2026) and health (to 2024). Population and age cohorts in particular are re-based to the latest ABS Estimated Resident Population rather than left at 2021 counts. Only housing, households and cultural diversity remain wholly Census-based, because no more current small-area dataset exists for those measures.

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