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This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.
SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).
Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
ABS ERP | -- people | --
2021 Census | -- people
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Emerald - Cockatoo has an estimated 19,069 residents, up from 18,633 at the 2021 Census — a change of 436 people, or 2.3%. 104 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. Density is about 51 people per square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to research conducted by AreaSearch, the population of Emerald - Cockatoo stands at approximately 19,069 as of Aug 2026. This represents an addition of 436 people (2.3%) relative to the 2021 Census, when 18,633 people were enumerated. This updated figure is derived from the ABS estimated resident population of 19,043 as of June 2025 alongside 104 validated new addresses recorded following the Census date. With a resultant density of 51 persons per square kilometer, residents enjoy spacious surroundings. Natural increase served as the primary growth engine, accounting for roughly 51.1% of overall population gains across recent timeframes.
Projections for each SA2 district utilised by AreaSearch originate from ABS/Geoscience Australia models published in 2024 with a 2022 baseline. Where SA2 figures are absent, 2023 VIC State Government Regional/LGA forecasts are incorporated using weighted population distribution aggregation from LGA down to SA2 zones. These aggregated age-bracket growth trajectories are extended across every district for 2032 to 2041. Future expectations indicate expansion tracking just beneath the median of statistical areas reviewed by AreaSearch, with the locality projected to expand by 1,111 persons to 2041 from current annual ERP baselines, translating to an aggregate gain of 5.7% across the 16 years.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
144 new dwellings have been approved in Emerald - Cockatoo over the past five years, an average of 28 a year. That is 1.5 approvals per 1,000 residents. Of the 29 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 86% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
Residential building authorisations in Emerald - Cockatoo have averaged roughly 28 new homes annually, adding up to 144 homes across the preceding 5 financial years. Between FY-22 and FY-26, incoming population growth stood at an average of 1.4 people per year for every home constructed, indicating balanced market fundamentals and steady conditions; however, this metric has elevated to 3.1 people per dwelling over the previous 2 financial years, pointing toward heightened demand and emerging supply limits. Estimated construction costs for new dwellings average $611,000—moderately surpassing regional benchmarks and highlighting quality-focused building.
Concurrently, $53.8 million in commercial building permits have been logged during the current financial year, demonstrating robust non-residential activity. Relative to Greater Melbourne, building volumes across Emerald - Cockatoo are considerably suppressed, tracking 84.0% below regional average per person. Such constrained construction tends to reinforce pricing and buyer interest across established real estate. This subdued cadence sits below the national benchmark as well, underlining the established nature of the precinct alongside probable planning restrictions. Structural composition shows 86.0% detached houses alongside 14.0% townhouses or apartments, upholding low-density neighbourhood character where freestanding housing attracts buyers seeking space. An estimated ratio of 925 people in the area per dwelling approval highlights this quiet, low-intensity building backdrop. Looking ahead, forecasts project that Emerald - Cockatoo will take on an additional 1,085 residents by 2041, based on the most recent AreaSearch quarterly figures. Existing construction trajectories appear well-aligned with prospective demand, fostering equilibrium without triggering severe price escalation.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Emerald - Cockatoo
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 62 current infrastructure and development projects close to Emerald - Cockatoo, worth an estimated $14.2 billion. 23 are already under construction and 28 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, transport & logistics and communities, precincts & urban renewal. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Regional performance is fundamentally shaped by modifications to local infrastructure, major capital projects, and planning frameworks. A total of 17 key developments have been flagged by AreaSearch as having potential local influence. Notable projects include Kaduna Park Estate, Arbor Officer, Golden Win Estate (formerly Starling Road Residential Subdivision), and Ridgelea Estate - Pakenham East, with prominent initiatives outlined below.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Officer Fields
Masterplanned residential community offering over 660 lots across four precincts including Robert's Run, the newest precinct now available. Features natural open spaces, Upper Gum Scrub Creek trail, and Pratincole Boulevard connecting the community. Development includes significant civil infrastructure upgrades to McMullen and Brown Roads.
The Rise Estate - Pakenham
Boutique greenfield subdivision in central Pakenham delivering 202 house and land lots alongside an 11,000 sqm local commercial precinct. Stages 1 and 2 were completed and handed over in November 2024, with many buyers already underway on their new homes. Stages 3 and 4 are in construction and progressing on schedule, with completion and handover anticipated across 2025 and 2026. The estate is marketed by KR Peters Real Estate with on-site sales at 110 Pakenham Road.
Maple Grove Estate
Masterplanned residential community in Pakenham East for approximately 3,200 residents. Features over 1,000 lots, 7.5 hectares of green space, a proposed primary school, community centre, and playgrounds. Located 550 metres from the new East Pakenham Train Station.
Arbor Officer
Premium residential development with 301 homes featuring six-leaf EnviroDevelopment certification, the only project in Cardinia Shire to achieve national certification in all six elements: ecosystems, waste, energy, materials, water and community. Located in Officer foothills with easy access to train station and town centre.
Hilltop Officer Estate
Hilltop Officer is a boutique master-planned residential estate situated in an elevated precinct adjacent to Timbertop. The development features 35 turnkey house and land packages and custom building lots delivered by SJD Homes. Civil subdivision works and dwelling construction are actively progressing across the site with expected final completion in 2026.
Bayview Estate
A boutique residential subdivision comprising 18 premium allotments situated on the north side of Officer adjacent to Timbertop Estate. The project delivers fully serviced residential homesites with road infrastructure and civil connections catering to low-density family living. Civil works and site preparation support phased home construction through 2026.
Ridgelea Estate - Pakenham East
Large masterplanned residential community in Pakenham East delivering 3,000+ lots with a future town centre, schools, community facilities and extensive open space. Early stages are under construction with Stage 7 and 10 selling. The estate connects to Princes Hwy and the new East Pakenham Station, with ongoing civil works and lot titling across multiple stages.
Berwick Village Major Activity Centre Structure Plan
City of Casey is progressing the Berwick Village Major Activity Centre Structure Plan to guide the long-term growth, land use, public realm, transport, heritage protection and housing outcomes for Berwick Village. Following community consultation on the draft plan during 2025, Council has continued refining the plan and associated planning scheme amendment, with adoption progressing through 2026 subject to State Government planning requirements.
11,244 residents of Emerald - Cockatoo are employed, from a labour force of 11,500. Unemployment sits at 2.2%, with participation at 74.7%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 6.2% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 15,173, about 80% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
The local labour pool in Emerald - Cockatoo is well-qualified, featuring exceptional representation across construction, a jobless rate of merely 2.2%, and 4.6% in estimated employment growth over the past year. In March 2026, employed locals numbered 11,244, while local unemployment remained 2.5% below Greater Melbourne's rate of 4.8%. Labour force participation is solid, registering at 74.7% compared to Greater Melbourne's 70.1%. Census records indicated that a substantial 25.9% of workers operated from home, though pandemic-related lockdown measures should be kept in mind. The primary sectors supporting local workers are construction, health care & social assistance, and education & training.
Construction demonstrates noticeable local concentration, holding an employment share of 1.8 times the regional level. Conversely, the professional & technical sector is underrepresented, capturing 6.2% employment versus 10.1% across the broader metropolitan area. Comparing Census workplace data against the resident workforce suggests that local job openings within the boundary remain scarce. AreaSearch assessment of ABS and SALM metrics indicates that across the 12 months to March 2026, local employment expanded by 4.6% as the available workforce grew by 4.5%, keeping unemployment essentially flat. Over the equivalent timeframe, Greater Melbourne registered employment gains of 2.1% and labour force growth of 2.3%, accompanied by a 0.2 percentage point rise in unemployment. Looking to broader trajectories, national industry forecasts from Jobs and Skills Australia as of Mar-26 provide perspective on potential local hiring trends. Over five-year and ten-year horizons, national headcount is projected to increase by 6.6% and 13.7% respectively, though sectoral performance varies widely. Applying these industry growth expectations to Emerald - Cockatoo's workforce composition projects local employment expansion of 6.2% over five years and 12.9% over ten years (calculated as a simple weighted extrapolation for illustration without incorporating localized population modeling).
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Emerald - Cockatoo is $2,176 a week (about $113,000 a year), with median personal income at $870 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $57,595 a year against an average of $73,617. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
Based on ATO postcode data aggregated by AreaSearch for financial year 2023, taxpayers in the Emerald - Cockatoo SA2 recorded a median earnings level of $57,595 alongside an average of $73,617. These metrics outpace national averages while sitting alongside Greater Melbourne figures of $57,688 and $75,164. Incorporating Wage Price Index expansion of 9.62% since financial year 2023 brings projected earnings to roughly $63,136 (median) and $80,699 (average) as of March 2026. Data from the 2021 Census positions local household, family, and individual remuneration near the 69th percentile nationwide. The dominant earnings tier encompasses 35.7% earning $1,500 - 2,999 weekly (6,807 residents), aligning closely with the metropolitan proportion of 32.8%.
Affluence is prominent, with 30.3% earning over $3,000 per week to underpin demand for high-grade retail and services. Residents keep 86.8% of income after servicing housing obligations, maintaining substantial spending capacity that aligns with a SEIFA income placement in the 7th decile.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Emerald - Cockatoo had 6,043 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 99% detached houses and 1% apartments. 57% are owned with a mortgage, 8% rented and 35% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $370 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,980 a month. Rent absorbs 17.0% of household income here and mortgage repayments 21.0%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
At the time of the latest Census, residential stock in Emerald - Cockatoo was overwhelmingly oriented toward separate dwellings, comprising 99.2% houses and 0.9% other dwellings (semi-detached, apartments, 'other' dwellings), contrasting with Melbourne metro's distribution of 67.9% houses and 32.1% other dwellings. Outright ownership was elevated relative to metropolitan levels at 35.4%, while remaining residences were under a mortgage (56.9%) or occupied by tenants (7.6%). Typical monthly mortgage commitments stood lower than the metropolitan standard at $1,980, and median weekly rental outlays were $370, versus Melbourne metro figures of $2,000 and $390.
On a national scale, local monthly loan repayments exceed the Australian benchmark of $1,863, whereas local rent stays under the nationwide median of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Emerald - Cockatoo counted 6,043 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.9 people each. 44% are couples with children, more than in 86% of areas nationally, against 29% couples without children. 16% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.7 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Families constitute the clear majority of local living arrangements, representing 82.0% of all households. This group is made up of 43.5% couples with children, 29.0% couples without children, and 8.9% single parent families. The remaining 18.0% consists of non-family living situations, which include lone person households at 16.3% and group households comprising 1.7% of the total. The typical household size sits at 2.9 people, exceeding the Greater Melbourne average of 2.6.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
23.6% of adults in Emerald - Cockatoo hold a university qualification, including 16.1% with a bachelor degree and 4.3% with postgraduate qualifications. A further 28.4% hold a vocational qualification. 7 schools serve the area, with 2,226 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,036 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
Attainment levels for higher education present an area for development, as university qualification rates (23.6%) track noticeably behind the Greater Melbourne average of 37.0%, offering scope for focused educational strategies. Among degree holders, bachelor qualifications form 16.1%, followed by postgraduate credentials (4.3%) and graduate diplomas (3.2%). Conversely, vocational and trade training is highly prevalent, with 41.3% of individuals aged 15+ possessing vocational credentials, split between advanced diplomas (12.9%) and certificates (28.4%). Engagement in learning is substantial, as 31.5% of the local population is enrolled in formal study. This cohort comprises 11.3% attending primary school, 9.6% in secondary schooling, and 4.1% enrolled in tertiary institutions.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in Emerald - Cockatoo reaches 82 stops on 9 routes, timetabled for about 1,600 services a week. The typical home sits about 1,380 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 2.2 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
Public transport connectivity within Emerald - Cockatoo encompasses 82 operational bus stops. These locations are connected via 9 separate routes, delivering a combined 1,575 weekly transit trips. Access to public transit is somewhat restricted, with local commuters typically situated 1375 meters from the nearest stop. Reflecting its suburban commuter profile, outward travel is overwhelmingly vehicle-based, with cars accounting for 95% of journeys. Vehicle availability averages 2.2 per dwelling, exceeding regional averages, while 25.9% of residents worked from home during the 2021 Census, potentially influenced by pandemic conditions. Transit service across all networks averages 225 trips per day, which translates to roughly 19 weekly departures per individual stop.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
68.6% of residents in Emerald - Cockatoo report no long-term health condition. 4.7% need daily assistance with core activities, and 55.4% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 5.1 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
Residents of Emerald - Cockatoo display generally encouraging health indicators, with AreaSearch evaluations of mortality and health conditions aligning comfortably with national standards. Diagnoses of prevalent health conditions remain subdued across younger and older demographics alike, while private health insurance uptake is notably widespread, covering approximately 55% of the total population (~10,564 people). Mental health concerns and asthma represent the most frequently reported diagnoses in the district, affecting 8.7 and 8.3% of residents, respectively, whereas 68.6% reported having no diagnosed chronic medical ailments, compared with 72.6% across Greater Melbourne. Health metrics among working-age cohorts are consistent with broader averages.
Residents aged 65 and over account for 18.4% of the population (3,502 people), higher than the 15.1% in Greater Melbourne, and seniors demonstrate particularly favourable health profiles with national rankings exceeding those of the broader community.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
Emerald - Cockatoo is largely Australian-born, at 85.3% of residents, with 4.7% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are English (30.8%) and Australian (30.0%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Measures of cultural diversity in Emerald - Cockatoo track below wider metropolitan benchmarks, with 85.3% of the community born in Australia, 89.5% holding Australian citizenship, and 95.3% speaking solely English at home. Christianity stands as the primary religious affiliation, representing 35.6% of residents. The most noticeable variation in religious representation is observed in Judaism, which encompasses 0.2% of the local population compared to 1.0% across Greater Melbourne. Looking at ancestral backgrounds (parents' birthplace), the most common origins in Emerald - Cockatoo are English at 30.8% (outstripping the regional mark of 20.1%), Australian at 30.0% (exceeding the regional share of 18.4%), and Scottish at 8.1%.
Specific European lineages also show distinctive representation compared to Greater Melbourne: Dutch ancestry accounts for 3.1% (versus 1.2% regionally), Hungarian makes up 0.5% (versus 0.3%), and Welsh accounts for 0.7% (versus 0.4%).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Emerald - Cockatoo is 41. 20.9% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The age distribution of Emerald - Cockatoo aligns moderately with the broader Greater Melbourne profile, with no broad demographic segment diverging by more than 11.1 percentage points from the regional baseline. The median age is estimated at 41 as at August 2026, remaining steady since the 2021 Census and sitting 4 years higher than Greater Melbourne's median of 37 at that Census. Since the Census, the older cohort aged 65+ has expanded from 15.6% to an estimated 18.4% of residents. This retiree and senior age group is projected to experience the strongest growth by 2041, increasing by 1,193 (34%) to 4,696 individuals.
In contrast, contractions are anticipated among young to middle-aged adults, as well as children and youth.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Emerald - Cockatoo
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Sep 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Sep 2026 this month all 21 measures |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Sep 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, Local governments Daily | May 2026 4 months ago all 2 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated May 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 6 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Aug 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Jul 2026 2 months ago all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 104 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (18,633 at the 2021 Census → 19,069 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (212011289). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.