Chart Color Schemes
This analysis uses Suburbs and Localities (SAL) boundaries, which can materially differ from Statistical Areas (SA2) even when sharing the same name.
SAL boundaries are defined by Australia Post and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to represent commonly-known suburb names used in postal addresses.
Statistical Areas (SA2) are designed for census data collection and may combine multiple suburbs or use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
2021 Census | -- people
Curious about local property values? Filter the chart to assess the volume and appreciation (including resales) trends and regional comparisons, or scroll to the map below view this information at an individual property level.
Find a Recent Sale
Sales Detail
Port Pirie South has an estimated 3,967 residents, up from 3,878 at the 2021 Census — a change of 89 people, or 2.3%. That puts 257 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to AreaSearch evaluations combining regional ABS statistical releases with address validation tracking since the Census, the population of the suburb of Port Pirie South stands at approximately 3,967 as of Aug 2026. This equates to an expansion of 89 people (2.3%) relative to the 3,878 people recorded in the 2021 Census. Such growth is drawn from an estimated resident base of 3,953 derived from ABS ERP figures published in June 2025 alongside 32 validated new addresses confirmed post-census. The suburb maintains a density of 256 persons per square kilometer, offering generous space per resident and scope for additional building.
With a 2.3% rate of increase since the census, the suburb of Port Pirie South tracked closely with the broader SA3 area (2.4%), trailing by only 0.1 percentage points. Net overseas arrivals served as the primary catalyst, effectively supplying all net population additions across the recent timeframe. Demographic modeling incorporates 2024 ABS and Geoscience Australia projections pegged to a 2022 baseline for local SA2 regions. In areas lacking direct coverage or extending beyond 2032, 2023 SA State Government age-cohort projections using 2021 baselines are applied through a weighted LGA-to-SA2 aggregation technique. Looking ahead across the suburb of Port Pirie South, these demographic trajectories point toward a slight contraction, reducing the head count by 16 persons by 2041. In contrast to this overall trend, particular age brackets are projected to rise, most noticeably persons aged 85 and over with a forecast gain of 99 people. More granular breakdowns can be found in the age analysis section.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
Detail
Residential building activity across Port Pirie South remains subdued, recording 3 new dwellings approved on an annual basis (equating to 18 over the preceding five-year span). This restrained pace of building reflects the regional setting of the locality, where construction tends to be underpinned by specific local housing requirements rather than broad market demand. It is worth noting that because of the modest underlying volume, individual residential undertakings can generate considerable fluctuations in year-to-year metrics and proportional comparisons. Construction volumes in Port Pirie South remain noticeably lighter than figures recorded across Rest of SA, while also tracking substantially lower than national benchmarks.
Detached houses account for 83.0% of recently approved residential building work compared to 17.0% for attached dwellings, mirroring rural lifestyle preferences for larger allotments and privacy. An average ratio of approximately 316 people per approval underlines the low-density character of the local property market. Given that demographic outlooks indicate a steady or slightly receding resident base, downward pressure on housing demand should persist across Port Pirie South, creating favorable purchasing conditions for prospective property buyers.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Port Pirie South
Loading development applications…
| Lodged | Address | Description | Type | Distance | Status |
|---|
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks one current infrastructure or development project inside Port Pirie South, worth an estimated $15 million. A further 25 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $291 million. 9 are already under construction and 10 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, ports, marinas, fisheries & aquaculture and education & training. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Community performance and growth are heavily shaped by civil works, major projects, and strategic urban planning. AreaSearch has pinpointed 10 key infrastructure developments poised to influence the locality, prominently featuring the Green Iron SA Port Pirie Hub, the Port Pirie Riverbank Precinct, the Greening Port Pirie Program, and the Port Pirie Masterplan / Yorke Peninsula and Mid North Regional Plan, with the most critical works itemized below.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
Denotes AI-based impression for illustrative purposes only, not to be taken as definitive under any circumstances. Please follow links and conduct other investigations from the project's source for actual imagery. Developers and project owners wishing us to use original imagery please Contact Us and we will do so.
Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Balmoral Park Estate Expansion
A two-stage expansion of an existing estate in Risdon Park, Port Pirie, delivering 10 fit-for-purpose rental homes for key workers and 42 additional serviced housing allotments. The 10 homes will be leased to the Government Employee Housing scheme for a minimum of 10 years to support essential workforce retention, backed by 1 million dollars in funding from Renewal SA's Regional Housing Initiatives Program.
Balmoral Park Estate Expansion
Renewal SA selected Graycar Contractors to deliver 10 rental homes for key workers and 42 residential allotments at Balmoral Park Estate. The two-stage expansion is supported by a 1 million AUD grant from the Regional Housing Initiatives Program. Chelsea Homes will construct the homes and civil works within 30 months from August 2025.
Port Pirie Riverbank Precinct
The Port Pirie Riverbank Precinct project is a multi-staged renewal of the city's foreshore area. Stage 1 focuses on Solomontown Beach and the creation of a vibrant youth precinct. Key features include a connected promenade, new picnic shelters and BBQs, upgraded toilet facilities, a beach deck with shade structures, a pump track, and a basketball half-court. The project aims to revitalize the waterfront, providing modern recreational facilities for the local community and enhancing the area's appeal to tourists.
Port Pirie Wharf Upgrades
Infrastructure upgrade project involving sealing of 19,350 square metres of previously unsurfaced port area with 6,100 tonnes of asphalt. Removal of 8,800 tonnes of contaminated material and addition of 9,100 tonnes of new material. Focus on Berths 5 and 7 to enhance port capacity and economic benefits to Mid North region.
Southfields Rural Estate
A rural acreage estate offering 17 large land allotments (approx. 5,000m2 - 5,232m2) with mains water, electricity, and NBN connection, providing country living opportunities 5km from Port Pirie in the Mid North region of South Australia. The current stage is available for sale.
South-West Drainage Scheme
A stormwater drainage system and outfall proposed to address flood risk on vacant land south of Risdon Park South, unlocking approximately 600 allotments for future residential development in Port Pirie. The scheme follows a 2012 Tonkin Consulting engineering investigation into an outfall alignment through rural land west of the site, incorporating a potential storage area near Port Davis Road. Port Pirie Regional Council has committed initial funding for land acquisition and to advance project requirements, with the initiative listed in the Council's economic development investment program across both the 2024/25 and 2025/26 Annual Business Plans.As of the 2025/26 Business Plan, the project remains in its initial stages, with land negotiations and scheme advancement ongoing ahead of any construction of the drainage infrastructure itself.
Whyalla Foreshore Centre Building
Construction of a new Foreshore Centre building incorporating the Whyalla Surf Life Saving Club, public kiosk, cafe, function space and community facilities as part of the Whyalla Foreshore Master Plan. Following completion of detailed design and development approval, construction tenders opened in July 2026. The project is funded by the South Australian Government together with Whyalla City Council and complements the adjacent Splash and Play Plaza.
Kloeden Reserve Development
Development of two land parcels totaling 4.2 hectares at Kloeden Reserve in Whyalla to unlock up to 70 new homes, including at least 10 houses to be built immediately and leased back to the government for essential workers, supporting the region's growth in green energy and manufacturing.
1,749 residents of Port Pirie South are employed, from a labour force of 1,910. Unemployment sits at 8.4%, with participation at 57.2%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 5.6% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
The local labour market in Port Pirie South features a balanced distribution between blue-collar and white-collar roles alongside healthy representation across essential services, accompanied by an unemployment rate of 8.4% and an estimated 5.0% rise in employment over the preceding twelve months according to AreaSearch regional aggregations. As of March 2026, employed residents total 1,749, the jobless rate sits 3.0% above the 5.5% registered across Regional SA, and the participation rate aligns closely with the regional mark of 58.3%. Census figures show that only 2.6% of workers carried out their duties from home, though the context of Covid-19 restrictions during that period should be recognized.
Resident employment is primarily centered around health care & social assistance, manufacturing, and retail trade. Industrial manufacturing stands out as a key local strength, capturing an employment share 1.6 times that of the regional benchmark. By comparison, agriculture, forestry & fishing accounts for only 1.2% of the local workforce, contrasting sharply with the 14.5% observed regionally. Comparing the count of Census working participants against local resident numbers points toward a limited pool of local job positions. AreaSearch evaluations of ABS and SALM data aggregated across surrounding regions show that in the year leading to March 2026, the local workforce expanded by 3.7% while jobs grew by 5.0%, lowering the jobless rate by 1.1 percentage points. Conversely, Regional SA experienced a 1.2% rise in employment alongside a 2.6% increase in the labour force, causing joblessness to climb by 1.4 percentage points. Forward-looking guidance from Jobs and Skills Australia national projections dated Mar-26 provides useful perspective on future workforce demand across Port Pirie South. Mapped across local industry sectors over five- and ten-year horizons, these benchmarks show expected national expansions of 6.6% and 13.7% respectively, though trajectory rates vary markedly by sector. Applying these industry weightings to the local employment distribution suggests local job numbers could rise by 5.6% across five years and 12.6% over ten years, noting that this simple illustrative weighting does not incorporate localized population forecasts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Port Pirie South is $1,145 a week (about $60,000 a year), with median personal income at $616 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $51,305 a year against an average of $60,209. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
AreaSearch analysis of postcode ATO records for financial year 2023 indicates that earnings in the suburb of Port Pirie South remain below nationwide standards, showing a median income of $51,305 and a mean of $60,209. In Regional SA, corresponding figures sit at a median of $48,920 and an average of $58,933. Factoring in Wage Price Index gains of 10.17% since financial year 2023, updated estimates suggest figures near $56,523 for the median and $66,332 on average as of March 2026. Data from the 2021 Census positions local household, family, and individual incomes between the 9th and 13th percentiles nationally.
Earnings between $400 - 799 encompass 28.7% of local taxpayers (1,138 individuals), whereas the wider regional tendency shows 27.5% in the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket. Despite affordable housing expenses that leave residents retaining 88.3% of their earnings, overall disposable income ranks only at the 14th percentile across Australia.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Port Pirie South had 1,650 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 89% detached houses and 0% apartments. 34% are owned with a mortgage, 29% rented and 37% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $200 a week and the median mortgage repayment $975 a month. Rent absorbs 17.5% of household income here and mortgage repayments 19.7%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
The residential landscape in Port Pirie South at the time of the latest Census was composed of 89.0% separate houses and 11.0% semi-detached, apartment, or other dwelling types, closely mirroring the Regional SA split of 88.5% houses and 11.5% alternative dwellings. Outright property ownership in Port Pirie South stood at 37.1%, trailing the broader regional proportion, while 34.3% of homes carried a mortgage and 28.6% were occupied by tenants. Median monthly mortgage commitments were significantly lower than the Regional SA benchmark at $975, and median weekly rental payments sat at $200, compared to regional measures of $1,153 and $220.
Compared across Australia, local monthly repayments remain well under the national median of $1,863, with weekly rent tracking far below the nationwide average of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Port Pirie South counted 1,650 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.2 people each. 22% are couples with children, fewer than in 81% of areas nationally, against 28% couples without children. 34% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.8 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Family living arrangements comprise 64.2% of local households, consisting of 21.9% couples raising children, 28.1% couples without children at home, and 13.3% single parent arrangements. Non-family dwellings make up the other 35.8%, driven primarily by single-person households at 33.5% alongside group residences at 2.2%. The median household size of 2.2 people sits slightly under the Regional SA standard of 2.3.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
11.9% of adults in Port Pirie South hold a university qualification, including 8.8% with a bachelor degree and 1.3% with postgraduate qualifications, lower than 87% of areas nationally. A further 29.6% hold a vocational qualification. 2 schools serve the area, with 1,229 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 969 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
Attainment figures point to educational hurdles within the community, as the university qualification rate of 11.9% trails the wider Australian standard of 30.4%, creating a focal point for targeted learning programs. Bachelor degree holders make up 8.8% of residents, while graduate diplomas account for 1.8% and postgraduate awards represent 1.3%. Conversely, vocational and technical training is widely held, with 36.0% of individuals aged 15+ possessing vocational credentials, including 6.4% holding advanced diplomas and 29.6% holding certificates. A significant 24.8% share of residents is enrolled in structured study programs. This group includes 9.6% attending primary school, 9.3% in secondary school, and 1.7% undertaking higher education coursework.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in Port Pirie South reaches 28 stops on 8 routes, timetabled for about 120 services a week. The typical home sits about 250 m from its nearest stop. Households keep an average of 1.3 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
An assessment of local passenger transit infrastructure identifies 28 operational public transport boarding points across Port Pirie South. These facilities are served across 8 dedicated routes, generating 115 passenger journeys each week. Public transit access is favorable, with residents generally residing within 249 meters of the closest stop. Given the suburban residential footprint, outward travel is widespread, with private passenger cars serving as the primary transit mode at 96%. Vehicle availability stands at an average of 1.3 per residence, below regional levels. Only 2.6% of residents performed their jobs remotely according to the 2021 Census, a figure that may reflect pandemic conditions at that time.
Transit service schedules deliver an average of 16 daily trips across all network routes, which translates to roughly 4 departures per individual stop each week.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
60.9% of residents in Port Pirie South report no long-term health condition, a less healthy profile than 89% of areas nationally. 7.7% need daily assistance with core activities, and 50.8% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 7.1 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
AreaSearch evaluations of chronic condition incidence and mortality statistics point to meaningful health challenges in Port Pirie South, with elevated rates of common illnesses evident across younger and older age brackets, while private health insurance take-up remains relatively constrained at around 51% of the population (~2,016 people). The most widely diagnosed health conditions locally are arthritis (affecting 11.3% of residents) and mental health conditions (affecting 9.6%), while 60.9% of residents reported having no long-term medical conditions, slightly below the 62.5% seen across Regional SA. Elevated rates of chronic illness place pressure on the working-age population.
Furthermore, seniors aged 65 and over account for 24.3% of residents (963 people), compared to 27.1% across Regional SA, with older residents experiencing complex health outcomes that register even higher against national comparisons.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
Port Pirie South is largely Australian-born, at 92.0% of residents, with 5.5% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (33.2%) and English (31.6%). 3.4% of residents identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Cultural diversity metrics for Port Pirie South track below nationwide averages, as 92.0% of residents were born in Australia, 93.3% hold Australian citizenship, and 94.5% speak exclusively English in their households. Christianity constitutes the largest religious affiliation, claimed by 49.3% of the community. In relative terms, the most notable difference appears in the Islamic community, representing 1.2% of residents locally compared to 0.5% throughout Regional SA. Regarding ancestral origins based on parents' country of birth, the primary backgrounds reported in Port Pirie South are Australian at 33.2%, English at 31.6%, and Scottish at 6.2%.
Other demographic variations emerge among specific cultural ancestries: German ancestry accounts for 5.8% locally (compared to 8.2% across the wider region), Italian represents 5.0% (against 1.7% regionally), and Australian Aboriginal ancestry stands at 3.4% (compared to 3.3% regionally).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Port Pirie South is 43. 25.9% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The age distribution in the suburb of Port Pirie South aligns closely with broader Regional SA patterns, with the largest variation between the two standing at 2.8 percentage points. AreaSearch calculates the local median age at 43 as at August 2026, remaining at the level recorded during the 2021 Census, which sits 4 years younger than the Regional SA benchmark of 47 from that Census and above the national median of 38. Looking at broader age bands, the 45 - 64 cohort has declined since the Census from 25.9% to an estimated 24.0% of the population.
By 2041, seniors aged 65+ are forecast to experience the strongest numerical expansion, increasing by 152 (16%) to reach 1,116, while youth, young adult, and middle-aged brackets are projected to decrease.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Port Pirie South
8 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Oct 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the Suburb (SAL) boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 8 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Oct 2026 this month headline measures · Sep 2026 baseline |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Oct 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 7 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Sep 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Sep 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 3 sections | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | Jul 2025 about a year ago all 1 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Jul 2025. | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 32 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (3,878 at the 2021 Census → 3,967 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (SAL41210). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.