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This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.
SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).
Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
ABS ERP | -- people | --
2021 Census | -- people
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Sandringham - Black Rock has an estimated 18,107 residents, up from 17,358 at the 2021 Census — a change of 749 people, or 4.3%. 165 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. That puts 2,816 residents on each square kilometre. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to research conducted by AreaSearch, the population of Sandringham - Black Rock is estimated at 18,107 as of May 2026. This represents a growth of 749 individuals (4.3%) from the 2021 Census, which recorded 17,358 residents. This shift is calculated using the June 2025 ABS estimated resident population of 18,071 alongside 165 validated new addresses identified since the Census. Such a population size results in a density of 2,816 persons per square kilometer, placing the locality in the top quarter of all areas evaluated nationwide by AreaSearch. The post-census growth rate of 4.3% is within 1.7 percentage points of the broader SA3 region (6.0%), highlighting competitive local growth dynamics.
This population rise was almost exclusively driven by overseas migration, which served as the primary source of gains in recent times. AreaSearch utilizes population projections from the ABS and Geoscience Australia released in 2024, which use 2022 as their baseline year. In cases where specific SA2 areas lack coverage in this dataset, figures are derived from the 2023 VIC State Government Regional/LGA projections, applying a weighted aggregation method to transition data from LGA to SA2 levels. The age cohort growth rates from these aggregations are also applied to all areas for the period spanning 2032 to 2041. Looking at upcoming demographic changes, the region is projected to experience population expansion slightly below the median of areas assessed by AreaSearch, with the local population expected to rise by 1,736 individuals by 2041 compared to the latest annual ERP numbers, representing a total increase of 9.4% over 16 years.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
639 new dwellings have been approved in Sandringham - Black Rock over the past five years, an average of 127 a year. That places the area in the 72nd percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 7 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Of the 116 dwellings approved in the latest reporting year, 16% were detached houses and the rest townhouses or apartments. Approvals are currently running at an annualised 66, well below that longer-run average. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
Sandringham - Black Rock has recorded approximately 127 residential building approvals annually, translating to 639 residential approvals over the last 5 financial years (from FY-21 to FY-25) and 61 during the course of FY-26. Given that only 0.2 new residents have arrived per new home over the last 5 financial years (from FY-21 to FY-25), construction activity is matching or exceeding demand, expanding choices for buyers and laying the groundwork for population growth that could outpace current projections. The average construction cost of these new residences stands at $686,000, pointing to a focus by developers on high-end, premium housing options.
Furthermore, commercial approvals totaling $39.0 million have been documented so far this financial year, indicating a healthy level of local business investment. In comparison to Greater Melbourne, Sandringham - Black Rock generates roughly three-quarters of the residential building volume per capita, placing it in the 89th percentile among all national areas analyzed, despite a recent uptick in local construction. Of the new housing starts, 16.0% consist of standalone houses, while 84.0% are medium and high-density structures. This pivot toward higher-density housing delivers more entry-level price brackets and accommodates downsizers, investors, and first-time buyers. This trend contrasts with the existing local housing stock, where standalone houses account for 52.0%, signaling a decrease in available development sites alongside shifting buyer preferences and a demand for more varied, accessible housing types. With approximately 99 people per approval, Sandringham - Black Rock remains classified as a low-density region. Long-term forecasts indicate that Sandringham - Black Rock will add 1,700 residents by 2041, based on the latest quarterly estimates from AreaSearch. Considering current building trends, the supply of new housing is expected to easily accommodate this demand, sustaining favorable buying conditions and potentially enabling population growth to exceed current forecasts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Sandringham - Black Rock
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 18 current infrastructure and development projects inside Sandringham - Black Rock, worth an estimated $795 million. A further 157 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $56.1 billion. 53 are already under construction and 57 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans residential development, communities, precincts & urban renewal and communities. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Local infrastructure projects, major planning initiatives, and development proposals are key drivers of regional performance. AreaSearch has identified a total of 34 developments that are expected to influence the local area. Some of the most notable projects include Sanctuary Sandringham, The Coterie, Beach Point Sandringham, and Miramar, with the subsequent list outlining the developments of greatest relevance to the community.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
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Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Bayside Park Improvement and Habitat Linkage Plan
The Bayside Park Improvement and Habitat Linkage Plan was adopted by Council on 28 June 2022 and is actively being implemented across Council-owned open space outside the conservation reserve system. The plan creates green corridors for local wildlife across Bayside by restoring indigenous vegetation structure through planting ground covers and low shrubby mid-storey species. Existing hollow-bearing trees are assessed and retained for habitat value. The program supports native fauna including smaller birds, butterflies, insects, lizards and skinks, and is integrated with the broader Urban Forest Strategy and Biodiversity Action Plan.
Sanctuary Sandringham
Boutique residential development featuring 71 apartments and 4 townhouses designed by CHT Architects. The project embodies affordable luxury with refined craftsmanship including 80mm European marble benchtops, European oak flooring, and double-glazed windows. Located adjacent to Heathland Sanctuary with landscaping by John Patrick featuring Australian native flora. Construction is progressing with structural works reaching Level 2 as of October 2025.
The Coterie
25 sophisticated, light-filled 2 and 3 bedroom residences in the heart of Sandringham. Designed by Warren and Mahoney with interiors by Lisa Buxton. The boutique development features 9 two-bedroom and 16 three-bedroom apartments across 3 storeys, with construction underway by premium builder Sinjen Group. Properties feature natural stone benchtops, premium Miele appliances, wrap-around terraces, and contemporary finishes. Penthouse residences include private rooftop terraces with bay views. Completion set for early 2026.
Miramar
Luxury collection of 24 residences in the heart of Sandringham featuring bespoke 2 and 3 bedroom apartments. Developed and built by Lowe Living with design by Jackson Clements Burrows Architects and Eckersley Garden Architecture. The project respects local architectural heritage with bayside appeal, village connectivity, and contemporary coastal allure. Features 7.5 star energy rating, natural stone benchtops, engineered timber flooring, and coastal-inspired design. Construction commenced April 2025 with groundbreaking ceremony attended by project partners and Sandringham MP Brad Rowswell.
Beach Point Sandringham
Boutique collection of 26 luxury apartments featuring 2, 3, and 4-bedroom residences with marble kitchens, European oak floors, spa-like bathrooms, and private balconies. Located on Beach Road in the heart of Sandringham, this four-storey development offers a premium beachside lifestyle with close proximity to Sandringham and Hampton beaches, trendy cafes, and excellent transport links to Melbourne CBD.
Sandringham Village Streetscape Masterplan
Urban renewal initiative to enhance Sandringham Village with improved streetscape design, wider footpaths with street trees, enhanced pedestrian safety, and better accessibility. The masterplan focuses on Station Street, Waltham Street, and Melrose Street areas adjacent to Sandringham Train Station. Features include footpath widening, new street tree planting, improved pedestrian crossings, and upgraded infrastructure to support outdoor dining and community activities. The detailed design phase has been deferred until 2025-26 following community consultation and revised plans adopted in March 2020.
Early 3191 Sandringham Townhouses
Boutique townhouse community delivering approximately 36 three and four bedroom townhomes across multiple stages in bayside Sandringham. Stage 1 is complete with further stages completing soon; display suite at 3 George Street.
Sanctuary Sandringham
Sanctuary Sandringham is a boutique development featuring 71 apartments and 4 townhouses. The completed project features open-plan living areas with natural cross ventilation, double-glazed windows, European marble, and oak flooring. Settlements and move-ins are currently underway.
9,738 residents of Sandringham - Black Rock are employed, from a labour force of 10,091. Unemployment sits at 3.5%, with participation at 64.6%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 7.0% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 16,056, about 89% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
The local workforce in Sandringham - Black Rock is highly educated, featuring a strong concentration of professionals, while maintaining an unemployment rate of just 3.5%. As of March 2026, there are 9,738 employed residents, and the local unemployment rate sits 1.3% below the Greater Melbourne average of 4.8%. However, participation in the labor force is notably lower, standing at 64.6% compared to the metropolitan average of 70.2%. Census data reveals that a significant 49.1% of local workers carried out their duties from home, though these figures may reflect the influence of COVID-19 restrictions.
The main industries employing local residents are professional & technical services, health care & social assistance, and education & training. The concentration of workers in professional & technical services is particularly high, reaching 1.6 times the metropolitan average. On the other hand, transport, postal & warehousing has a minor presence, accounting for 2.6% of local employment compared to 5.2% across the wider region. Comparing the count of local workers to resident employees indicates that this highly residential district offers relatively few jobs within its own boundaries. According to AreaSearch's evaluation of SALM and ABS statistics, the latest 12-month period saw a decrease of 0.3% in the labor force alongside a drop of 0.8% in total employment, which led to a 0.5 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate. This trend differed from Greater Melbourne, which recorded a 2.1% rise in employment and a 2.3% expansion of the labor force, resulting in a minor 0.2 percentage point increase in unemployment. Additional guidance on future employment trends in Sandringham - Black Rock is available from the national forecasts released by Jobs and Skills Australia in May-25. These five-year and ten-year projections have been applied to the local workforce structure to model potential growth. Nationwide employment is projected to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, though rates of growth vary widely between individual sectors. Applying these industry projections to the local employment distribution suggests that jobs held by residents will grow by 7.0% over five years and 14.2% over ten years, representing a basic weighted extrapolation for illustrative purposes that excludes local population forecasts.
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Sandringham - Black Rock is $2,356 a week (about $123,000 a year), with median personal income at $1,082 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $66,997 a year against an average of $115,652. The average runs 73% above the median, a wider spread than most areas and a sign of a concentrated group of high earners. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
Based on the most recent postcode-level ATO statistics released for the financial year 2023, the median income for taxpayers in the Sandringham - Black Rock SA2 is $66,997, with the average income recorded at $115,652. These figures are exceptionally high by national standards, comparing to a median of $57,688 and an average of $75,164 across Greater Melbourne. Adjusting for a Wage Price Index increase of 9.62% since financial year 2023, current income levels are estimated at approximately $73,442 for the median and $126,778 for the average as of March 2026.
The 2021 Census shows that personal, family, and household incomes in Sandringham - Black Rock all place in the upper tiers nationally, ranking between the 85th and 86th percentiles. In terms of earnings distribution, the largest cohort of residents earns $4000+ per week, representing 30.3% of the population (5,486 people), which contrasts with the broader region where the $1,500 - 2,999 bracket is the most common at 32.8%. Local economic strength is highlighted by the 41.9% of households that receive high weekly incomes of over $3,000, supporting strong local retail and service spending. Housing costs represent 13.6% of local income, and high earnings place residents in the 87th percentile for disposable income, with the area's SEIFA ranking for income placing it in the 9th decile.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Sandringham - Black Rock had 6,765 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 53% detached houses and 20% apartments. 33% are owned with a mortgage, 23% rented and 45% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $486 a week and the median mortgage repayment $2,800 a month. Rent absorbs 20.6% of household income here and mortgage repayments 27.4%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
At the time of the latest Census, the housing stock in Sandringham - Black Rock consisted of 52.5% standalone houses and 47.5% alternative dwelling types like semi-detached houses, townhouses, and apartments, compared to 67.9% houses and 32.1% other dwellings across metropolitan Melbourne. The rate of home ownership in Sandringham - Black Rock was significantly higher than the metropolitan average at 44.6%, with the remaining properties being mortgaged (32.5%) or rented (22.9%). The median monthly mortgage payment in the area was recorded at $2,800, which is well above the metropolitan Melbourne average of $2,000, while the median weekly rent stood at $486 compared to the metropolitan average of $390.
On a national level, mortgage repayments in Sandringham - Black Rock are much higher than the Australian median of $1,863, and weekly rents are also well above the national median of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Sandringham - Black Rock counted 6,765 households at the 2021 Census, averaging 2.4 people each. 33% are couples with children, against 30% couples without children. 28% of households are people living alone, and families average 1.5 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Family households represent the largest share of homes at 70.5%, consisting of couples with children at 32.7%, couples without children at 29.5%, and single-parent households at 7.8%. The remaining 29.5% of homes are non-family households, which are mostly occupied by single persons at 28.0%, with group households making up 1.6% of the total. The median size of local households is 2.4 residents, which is smaller than the Greater Melbourne average of 2.6.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
47.4% of adults in Sandringham - Black Rock hold a university qualification, including 30.8% with a bachelor degree and 11.7% with postgraduate qualifications, higher than 97% of areas nationally. A further 11.4% hold a vocational qualification. 7 schools serve the area, with 2,768 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 1,133 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
Levels of educational attainment in Sandringham - Black Rock are significantly higher than state and national averages, with 47.4% of residents aged 15+ holding a university degree, compared to 30.4% across Australia and 33.4% in VIC. This educational profile positions the population well for employment in knowledge-based industries. Bachelor degrees are the most common qualification at 30.8%, followed by postgraduate degrees at 11.7% and graduate diplomas at 4.9%. Vocational training accounts for 23.5% of qualifications among residents aged 15+, consisting of advanced diplomas at 12.1% and certificates at 11.4%. Participation in education is high in the area, with 28.6% of the population currently enrolled in a course of study.
This cohort includes 8.9% attending secondary schools, 8.7% in primary schools, and 6.5% enrolled in higher education.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Public transport in Sandringham - Black Rock reaches 70 stops on 11 routes, timetabled for about 4,300 services a week. The typical home sits about 200 m from its nearest stop. Buses carry the largest share of public transport commuters. Households keep an average of 1.3 vehicles. Stop and service counts are built from operators' published GTFS timetables and refresh with each timetable release; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
Public transport services in Sandringham - Black Rock include 70 active bus stops. These stops are served by 11 distinct bus routes, which together provide 4,283 passenger trips every week. Access to transport is rated as excellent, with residents living an average of 199 meters from their nearest stop. Because the area is primarily residential, most workers commute out of the district, with private cars remaining the main mode of transport at 82%, followed by trains at 8% and walking at 5%. The average number of motor vehicles per household is 1.3.
A high proportion of residents, 49.1%, worked from home according to the 2021 Census, which may have been influenced by pandemic containment measures. The average frequency of public transport services across all routes is 611 trips per day, which translates to approximately 61 weekly departures from each individual stop.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
70.8% of residents in Sandringham - Black Rock report no long-term health condition, a healthier profile than 83% of areas nationally. 5.2% need daily assistance with core activities, and 78.0% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 4.3 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
According to AreaSearch's evaluation of mortality data and chronic illness rates, Sandringham - Black Rock displays excellent health indicators, with a low incidence of common health issues across all age groups. The proportion of residents with private health insurance is exceptionally high, covering approximately 78% of the population (14,123 people), compared to 56.7% in Greater Melbourne and a national average of 55.7%. The most frequent health issues reported by residents are arthritis, affecting 7.9% of the population, and asthma, affecting 6.7%, while 70.8% of the community reported no chronic health conditions, compared to 72.6% in Greater Melbourne.
The working-age population exhibits strong health profiles with a low occurrence of long-term illnesses. Residents aged 65 and over make up 26.8% of the population (4,858 people), which is higher than the Greater Melbourne average of 15.0%. Health outcomes among these older residents are robust, with national comparisons reflecting the positive trends observed in the broader community.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
26.5% of Sandringham - Black Rock residents were born overseas and 12.2% speak a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are English (29.6%) and Australian (21.9%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Sandringham - Black Rock has a higher level of cultural diversity than average, with 12.2% of residents speaking a language other than English at home and 26.5% born outside Australia. Christianity is the main religious affiliation, representing 48.1% of the population. The most prominent religious overrepresentation compared to metropolitan averages is among followers of Judaism, who make up 0.9% of the local population compared to 1.0% across Greater Melbourne. In terms of family ancestry, the three most common backgrounds reported in Sandringham - Black Rock are English, representing 29.6% of the population, which is higher than the metropolitan average of 20.1%, Australian at 21.9%, and Irish at 10.3%.
There are also notable differences in the representation of other backgrounds, with Scottish ancestry recorded at 9.5% of the population compared to 5.6% across the wider metropolitan area, Russian at 0.6% compared to 0.4%, and Hungarian at 0.4% compared to 0.3%.
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Sandringham - Black Rock is 48, older than 86% of areas nationally. 19.6% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The median age of residents in Sandringham - Black Rock is 48 years, which is older than the Greater Melbourne average of 37 and the national average of 38 years. The demographic profile features a high proportion of people aged 65 - 74 years (13.2%), while the 25 - 34 age group is small at 6.4% compared to metropolitan levels. Since 2021, the proportion of residents aged 75 to 84 has risen from 7.4% to 9.7%, and the 15 to 24 cohort has increased from 11.4% to 13.2%. Conversely, the 45 to 54 group has decreased from 15.8% to 14.1%, and the 5 to 14 cohort has dropped from 11.8% to 10.4%.
Projections for the year 2041 point to significant changes in local demographics, with the 75 to 84 age group expected to show the highest growth rate at 39%, adding 693 people to reach a total of 2,452. Older residents aged 65 and over are projected to account for 82% of all population growth, highlighting the aging trend in the area, while the 0 to 4 and 55 to 64 cohorts are expected to decrease in size.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Sandringham - Black Rock
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Aug 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to May 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | May 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to May 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Jun 2026 2 months ago headline measures · May 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Aug 2026 this month all 21 measures |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Aug 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | Aug 2026 this month all 18 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Aug 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 5 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Aug 2026 this month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Jul 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 165 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for May 2026, not a 2021 count (17,358 at the 2021 Census → 18,107 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to May 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (208011173). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.