Chart Color Schemes
This analysis uses ABS Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) boundaries, which can materially differ from Suburbs and Localities (SAL) even when sharing similar names.
SA2 boundaries are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and are designed to represent communities for statistical reporting (e.g., census and ERP).
Suburbs and Localities (SAL) represent commonly-used suburb/locality names (postal-style areas) and may use different geographic boundaries. For comprehensive analysis, consider reviewing both boundary types if available.
est. as @ -- *
ABS ERP | -- people | --
2021 Census | -- people
Curious about local property values? Filter the chart to assess the volume and appreciation (including resales) trends and regional comparisons, or scroll to the map below view this information at an individual property level.
Find a Recent Sale
Sales Detail
Rockhampton Surrounds - West has an estimated 3,229 residents, up from 3,002 at the 2021 Census — a change of 227 people, or 7.6%. Growth has averaged 1.7% a year over five years. 168 new addresses have been validated here since Census night. Interstate and internal migration accounts for 72.1% of that increase. Fewer than ten people live on each square kilometre, across a boundary that takes in surrounding rural land. Population is estimated from ABS Estimated Resident Population releases and GNAF address data, re-based from the 2021 Census and updated annually.
Detail
According to research conducted by AreaSearch, the resident count of Rockhampton Surrounds - West stands at roughly 3,229 as of Aug 2026. This represents an expansion of 227 people (7.6%) relative to the 2021 Census, which recorded 3,002 people. Such growth is calculated using the ABS estimated resident population figure of 3,226 recorded as of June 2025 alongside 168 validated new addresses identified following the Census. This headcount translates to a population density of 0.70 persons per square kilometer, ensuring considerable personal space. Expanding by 7.6% since the 2021 census, Rockhampton Surrounds - West outpaced the wider SA3 area (7.5%), establishing itself as a regional pacesetter for expansion.
Inward interstate migration served as the primary growth catalyst, generating roughly 72.1% of recent net additions, though natural increase and overseas arrivals also provided positive contributions. Projections compiled by ABS/Geoscience Australia (issued in 2024 with a 2022 baseline) are utilised by AreaSearch across SA2 locations. For unlisted SA2 districts and projections past 2032, figures rely on the Queensland State Government SA2 dataset published in 2023 from 2021 records. Because these state forecasts lack age-specific breakdowns, AreaSearch incorporates cohort weightings derived from the ABS Greater Capital Region forecasts (published in 2023 from 2022 data). Looking forward, anticipated demographic gains place the district marginally beneath the median benchmark for non-metropolitan Australia, with the local community projected to gain 320 persons to 2041 under latest annual ERP figures, corresponding to an overall rise of 9.8% across the 16 years.
Frequently Asked Questions - Population
39 new dwellings have been approved in Rockhampton Surrounds - West over the past five years, an average of 7 a year. That places the area in the 55th percentile for residential development activity nationally, about 2 approvals per 1,000 residents a year. Figures come from ABS building approvals aggregated to this SA2 boundary and are updated monthly as the ABS releases them.
Detail
Residential building approvals across Rockhampton Surrounds - West have averaged approximately 7 dwellings each year, summing to 39 homes across the prior 5 financial years. With an average of 6.6 new residents per year added for each dwelling built over the past 5 financial years (between FY-22 and FY-26), additions to local housing stock trail structural demand, a trend that generally stimulates property valuations and heightens competitive pressure among purchasers. Concurrently, newly approved dwellings show an average construction value of $433,000—a level below regional benchmarks—offering relatively affordable entry points. Additional approvals comprising $369,000 in commercial approvals this financial year highlight the locality's primarily residential profile.
Relative to Rest of Qld, per-capita residential construction in Rockhampton Surrounds - West reaches roughly 63%, ranking the locality within the 49th percentile across Australian statistical regions. This subdued activity restricts choice for buyers and channels demand toward established properties, even though building pace has accelerated over recent intervals. Such figures fall below national norms, illustrating an established market profile alongside possible local planning barriers. Furthermore, all recent building activity has focused exclusively on separate houses, reinforcing a low-density rural-residential aesthetic tailored to family households seeking spacious allotments. A ratio of 336 people per approved dwelling underscores the modest scale of ongoing development. Projections indicate that Rockhampton Surrounds - West will add 317 residents through to 2041 based on the most recent AreaSearch quarterly release. Current residential construction tracks this anticipated population expansion at an adequate rate, though intensifying demand could increase market tension for prospective buyers over time.
Frequently Asked Questions - Development
Development applications around Rockhampton Surrounds - West
Loading development applications…
| Lodged | Address | Description | Type | Distance | Status |
|---|
SOURCE: Planning portals and council registers, compiled by AreaSearch. Distance & bearing measured from the suburb midpoint.
AreaSearch tracks 10 current infrastructure and development projects inside Rockhampton Surrounds - West, worth an estimated $4.89 billion. A further 64 sit in the immediately surrounding suburbs, taking the tracked pipeline within reach of the area to $11.7 billion. 24 are already under construction and 20 are due for completion within three years. The pipeline spans energy, residential development and communities. Records are compiled from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, council planning portals and public announcements, reviewed and updated daily, then ranked by proximity, construction stage, completion horizon and project scale.
Detail
Infrastructure upgrades, major works, and strategic planning decisions play a defining role in shaping local community and economic outcomes. A total of 47 projects likely to influence the region have been catalogued by AreaSearch. Prominent developments include the Moah Creek Renewable Energy Project, the Breeze Residential Estate, the Somerset Road Upgrade Gracemere, and the Gracemere Industrial Area Expansion, with the most impactful undertakings outlined below.
Professional plan users can use the search below to filter and access additional projects.
INFRASTRUCTURE SEARCH
Denotes AI-based impression for illustrative purposes only, not to be taken as definitive under any circumstances. Please follow links and conduct other investigations from the project's source for actual imagery. Developers and project owners wishing us to use original imagery please Contact Us and we will do so.
Frequently Asked Questions - Infrastructure
Moah Creek Renewable Energy Project
A 372MW wind energy project featuring up to 60 turbines designed to power approximately 194,000 homes. The project is a key component of the Central Queensland Power (CQP) portfolio, which aims to transition the region to firmed renewable energy. While previously slated for public ownership, the state-owned generator CleanCo exited the project in early 2026 following a strategic review, though the developer continues to progress the asset under the Australian Government's Capacity Investment Scheme.
Breeze Residential Estate
A residential estate planning 103 new homes, offering vacant land and house and land packages. Located in Gracemere, west of Rockhampton.
Stanwell Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
The Stanwell Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is a 300 MW / 1,200 MWh large-scale battery facility located adjacent to the Stanwell Power Station. Featuring 324 Tesla Megapack 2XL units delivered with construction partner Yurika, the system provides critical firming capacity and grid stabilization for Central Queensland. The $747 million investment plays a pivotal role in transitioning the site into the Stanwell Clean Energy Hub.
Stanwell Clean Energy Hub
A long-term initiative to transform the Stanwell Power Station site into a hub for clean energy technologies. This includes the Stanwell BESS, the Future Energy and Innovation Training Hub (FEITH), and potentially future projects involving renewable hydrogen, wind, and solar, leveraging the existing infrastructure and skilled workforce.
Future Energy and Innovation Training Hub (FEITH)
A proposed training and innovation hub at the Stanwell Clean Energy Hub. The facility will be used to test new energy technologies like wind, solar, and hydrogen, and provide hands-on training for the workforce in renewable energy technologies. The project is valued at up to $100 million.
Stanwell Waroula Road Upgrade
A 5km upgrade of Stanwell Waroula Road, involving road widening, pavement overlay, sealing, and culvert extensions. The project aimed to improve road safety, accessibility, and flood resilience for this rural road link. The project was completed in September 2024.
Moonlight Range Wind Farm
The project involves the construction of a 450-megawatt wind farm, including 88 wind turbines up to 280 metres high, an onsite 275-kilovolt connection into the Powerlink network, and relevant supporting infrastructure. The project was refused by the Queensland Government in May 2025.
Boulder Creek Wind Farm
Boulder Creek Wind Farm is a renewable energy development located approximately 40 km southwest of Rockhampton, delivering up to 372 MW across two phases with Stage 1 comprising 38 turbines (228 MW). Developed jointly by Aula Energy and Queensland government-owned CS Energy, the project entered early civil works and construction in 2024. Practical completion and commercial operations for Stage 1 are targeted for 2027.
1,850 residents of Rockhampton Surrounds - West are employed, from a labour force of 1,879. Unemployment sits at 1.5%, with participation at 72.8%. Weighted for its industry mix, the area's sectors are forecast to grow about 5.5% nationally over five years. That reflects industry composition only and makes no allowance for local population growth. The working-day population is estimated at 2,851, about 88% of the resident population, so more people leave the area for work than travel in. Unemployment and labour force come from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, updated quarterly; the industry and occupation profile is from the 2021 Census.
Detail
The local labour market in Rockhampton Surrounds - West exhibits an even distribution between blue-collar and white-collar roles, highlighted by notable employment strength in the building sector and a minimal jobless rate of 1.5%. As of March 2026, employed residents total 1,850, while the local jobless rate sits 2.4% below the broader Regional Qld mark of 3.9%. Concurrently, labour force engagement remains exceptionally robust at 72.8%, well above the 64.2% registered across Regional Qld. Census data shows that a moderate 16.3% of the working populace operated from home, a metric potentially shaped by historical Covid-19 lockdown measures.
Key employment sectors for local residents include agriculture, forestry & fishing, construction, along with health care & social assistance. Agricultural, forestry, and fishing enterprises are particularly prominent, engaging workers at 4.0 times the broader regional rate. Conversely, accommodation & food services accounts for only 2.0% of local jobs compared with 8.3% across the wider region. An assessment of Census daytime workers relative to local resident workers indicates that internal employment opportunities within the district remain relatively constrained. AreaSearch evaluations of ABS and SALM releases reveal that during the 12 months to March 2026, the available workforce contracted by 5.0% alongside a 4.4% decline in employed persons, leading to a 0.6 percentage point contraction in the local unemployment rate. Over the identical timeframe, Regional Qld recorded a 0.1% rise in employment, a 0.3% expansion in the labour pool, and a 0.1 percentage point uptick in unemployment. Broader workforce projections published by Jobs and Skills Australia as of Mar-26 provide additional context regarding future hiring trajectories. Factoring these five-year and ten-year national industry forecasts against the area's distinct occupational profile reveals prospective local trends. While overall Australian jobs are predicted to grow by 6.6% over five years and 13.7% over ten years, industry paths diverge substantially. Applying these sectoral trajectories to Rockhampton Surrounds - West indicates potential local employment gains of 5.5% over five years and 12.0% over ten years (representing an unadjusted weighted model that excludes district-level population shifts).
Frequently Asked Questions - Employment
Median household income in Rockhampton Surrounds - West is $1,851 a week (about $96,000 a year), with median personal income at $836 a week. ATO records put median taxable income at $59,965 a year against an average of $71,756. Household income is from the 2021 Census; taxable income is from ATO Taxation Statistics for the latest financial year available, indexed forward using the ABS Wage Price Index.
Detail
Taxpayer income within the Rockhampton Surrounds - West SA2 exceeds national standards according to AreaSearch's evaluation of ATO statistics for financial year 2023. Median taxable earnings stand at $59,965 while average earnings reach $71,756, comparing favourably against benchmarks of $53,146 and $66,593 recorded across Regional Qld. Incorporating subsequent Wage Price Index expansion of 11.36% since financial year 2023 elevates current modelled figures to roughly $66,777 (median) and $79,907 (average) as of March 2026. Data from the 2021 Census positions local personal, family, and household incomes around the 56th percentile across the country.
In terms of earnings distribution, 31.8% of residents (1,026 individuals) receive between $1,500 - 2,999, mirroring the wider regional proportion of 31.7%. Furthermore, householders keep 88.6% of earnings after meeting housing outlays, underlining robust financial capacity, while the district's SEIFA income metric sits in the 4th decile.
Frequently Asked Questions - Income
Rockhampton Surrounds - West had 976 occupied dwellings at the 2021 Census, 99% detached houses and 0% apartments. 45% are owned with a mortgage, 10% rented and 45% owned outright. At that Census the median rent was $300 a week and the median mortgage repayment $1,733 a month. Rent absorbs 16.2% of household income here and mortgage repayments 21.6%. Dwelling stock, tenure and housing costs are 2021 Census measures — the only source that counts dwellings at this boundary size.
Detail
According to the latest Census, the housing landscape across Rockhampton Surrounds - West is overwhelmingly composed of separate houses at 98.6%, with other dwellings representing just 1.4%, in stark contrast to Regional Qld which records 76.4% detached homes and 23.6% multi-unit or alternative dwellings. Outright property ownership is particularly elevated at 44.6%, outpacing regional norms, while mortgaged properties account for 45.0% and rental accommodation represents 10.4%. Typical monthly mortgage commitments reach $1,733, exceeding the Regional Qld benchmark of $1,655, whereas median weekly rents of $300 sit lower than the regional rate of $345.
On a broader scale, local mortgage payments track below the Australian median of $1,863, with local rental rates falling substantially beneath the national standard of $375.
Frequently Asked Questions - Housing
Rockhampton Surrounds - West counted 976 households at the 2021 Census, an estimated 1,050 today, averaging 2.7 people each. 33% are couples with children, against 37% couples without children. 20% of households are people living alone, and families average 2.1 children. Household and family composition is measured only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Families constitute the vast majority of local living arrangements, making up 78.2% of all households. This group includes couples without children (36.8%), couples with children (32.7%), and single parent families (7.5%). Non-family arrangements account for the remaining 21.8%, led by lone person households at 20.4% and group households at 1.4%. The typical household size of 2.7 people exceeds the Regional Qld standard of 2.5.
Frequently Asked Questions - Households
12.6% of adults in Rockhampton Surrounds - West hold a university qualification, including 9.5% with a bachelor degree and 1.3% with postgraduate qualifications, lower than 75% of areas nationally. A further 37.0% hold a vocational qualification. 4 schools serve the area, with 101 enrolment places and an average ICSEA of 968 against a national benchmark of 1,000. Qualifications come from the 2021 Census; school enrolments, ICSEA and results come from ACARA's current release.
Detail
Tertiary educational attainment presents an area for development, as university qualification rates of 12.6% track considerably below the 30.4% recorded across Australia. This disparity highlights a key avenue for targeted regional learning programs. Attainment is led by bachelor degrees at 9.5%, followed by graduate diplomas at 1.8% and postgraduate qualifications at 1.3%. In contrast, vocational and technical training is widespread, with 45.1% of residents aged 15+ possessing trade credentials, including advanced diplomas (8.1%) and certificates (37.0%). Formal study engagement is substantial across the community, with 31.7% of residents attending an educational institution.
Among enrolled individuals, 13.0% participate in primary education, 9.7% attend secondary school, and 3.4% are undertaking tertiary studies.
Frequently Asked Questions - Education
Schools Detail
Getting around Rockhampton Surrounds - West means driving: households keep an average of 2.2 vehicles, and no scheduled public transport appears in the current timetable feeds. Service data is built from operators' published GTFS timetables; vehicle ownership is from the 2021 Census.
Frequently Asked Questions - Transport
Transport Stops Detail
66.0% of residents in Rockhampton Surrounds - West report no long-term health condition. 3.8% need daily assistance with core activities, and 54.9% hold private health cover. The standardised death rate runs at 5.2 per 1,000 residents. Health conditions, assistance needs and insurance are 2021 Census measures; the death rate comes from current ABS releases.
Detail
General health conditions in Rockhampton Surrounds - West align closely with wider Australian standards, as shown by AreaSearch findings on chronic illness and mortality rates. Common health conditions are distributed at standard rates across both younger and older cohorts, while private health insurance adoption is comparatively strong, covering roughly 55% of residents (~1,772 people) against 52.5% in Regional Qld. Arthritis and asthma rank as the most prevalent health conditions locally, diagnosed in 10.6 and 8.3% of the community, respectively, while 66.0% of people reported no long-term medical conditions, comparable to 67.6% across Regional Qld.
Chronic conditions appear at slightly elevated rates among working-age adults. Meanwhile, senior citizens aged 65 and over account for 19.4% of the population (626 people) and experience above-average health outcomes that place them higher nationally than the broader community.
Frequently Asked Questions - Health
Rockhampton Surrounds - West is largely Australian-born, at 95.5% of residents, with 1.0% speaking a language other than English at home. The largest reported ancestries are Australian (37.9%) and English (29.4%). Ancestry, language and country of birth are counted only by the Census, so these are 2021 figures.
Detail
Cultural diversity metrics across Rockhampton Surrounds - West track below broader averages, with Australian citizens making up 86.0% of the populace, 95.5% born in Australia, and 99.0% speaking only English in domestic settings. Christianity represents the primary religious affiliation, accounting for 68.1% of the community, which sits notably above the 52.2% recorded across Regional Qld. Regarding ancestral heritage, the three most common backgrounds reported in Rockhampton Surrounds - West are Australian (37.9%, exceeding the regional benchmark of 26.5%), English (29.4%), and Irish (9.9%). Other ancestral groups show varied local representation when compared to wider regional patterns, including German backgrounds at 5.6% (vs 4.7%), Australian Aboriginal ancestry at 2.7% (vs 3.9%), and Maori ancestry at 0.5% (vs 0.8%).
Frequently Asked Questions - Diversity
The median resident of Rockhampton Surrounds - West is 42. That is 1 year younger than at the 2021 Census. 20.9% of residents are aged 15 to 34. Age cohorts are not raw Census counts: the Census split is re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections.
Detail
The demographic profile of Rockhampton Surrounds - West aligns closely with Regional Qld across all four primary age categories, displaying a maximum variance of only 2.0 percentage points. AreaSearch estimates the median age at 42 as at August 2026, reflecting a slight decrease from 43 at the 2021 Census and remaining 1 year higher than the Regional Qld median of 41 at that time. The proportion of mature adults and early retirees (45 - 64) has shifted from 29.5% at the Census down to an estimated 26.2%. Looking ahead to 2041, the most substantial demographic expansion is expected among young to middle-aged adults (25 - 44), projected to increase by 144 residents (19%) to reach 903.
Frequently Asked Questions - Age
Data & MethodBoundaries, Sources & Method for Rockhampton Surrounds - West
9 of 14 data sections on this page were updated within the last 12 months — the newest current to Oct 2026.
Everything is aggregated to the SA2 boundary shown above, on a 2021 Census baseline. Only 3 sections — housing, households and cultural diversity — still wait on the 2026 Census.
The ledger — source, cycle and currency by section
| Section | Source & update cycle | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Updated within the last 12 months 9 sections | ||
| Population | ABS, GNAF, Geoscience Australia Annual (ABS ERP) | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release) and updated with new dwellings from GNAF address data. Current to Aug 2026, with the 2021 Census supplying the small-area baseline. | ||
| Age profile | ABS, Geoscience Australia, State governments Annual | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Age cohorts are re-based to the latest ABS population estimates and state projections, current to Aug 2026. Each cohort is held as a Census baseline and a current estimate. | ||
| Development & approvals | ABS, GNAF Monthly (ABS approvals) | Aug 2026 2 months ago headline measures · Jul 2026 baseline |
| Property sales & rents | Valuer General, Rental Board, ABS Weekly sales, quarterly rents | Oct 2026 this month headline measures · Sep 2026 baseline |
| Sales from the state Valuer General register, refreshed weekly, and rents from quarterly rental bond lodgements. Both are read live each time this page loads, current to Oct 2026. | ||
| Infrastructure projects | Infrastructure Australia, State agencies, Local governments Daily | Sep 2026 last month all 10 projects tracked here |
| Project pipeline maintained continuously from Infrastructure Australia, state agencies, local government and public announcements. Records are added and revised daily; this area was last updated Sep 2026. | ||
| Employment | ABS, DEWR, JSA Quarterly (ABS SALM) | Mar 2026 7 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Unemployment and labour force from ABS Small Area Labour Markets, current to Mar 2026. The growth outlook applies Department of Employment (now Jobs and Skills Australia) forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to the local industry mix, so it measures sector composition rather than local expansion and makes no allowance for population growth. Job demand comes from the same agency via its Internet Vacancy Index; industry and occupation structure from the 2021 Census. | ||
| Education | ABS, ACARA Annual (ACARA) | Sep 2026 last month headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Transport | ABS, State Transport Departments Each timetable release | Jul 2026 3 months ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Services & amenities | Provider directories, ACECQA Continuous | Sep 2026 last month all 14 measures |
| Annual and financial-year sources 2 sections | ||
| Income | ABS, ATO Annual (ATO) | FY 2023 3 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| ATO taxable income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index. Census household income provides the distribution detail. | ||
| Health | ABS, ATO Annual | 2024 2 years ago headline measures · 2021 Census baseline |
| Census-measured — next update: 2026 Census 3 sections No more current small-area source exists for these, so they are labelled as Census-measured rather than implied to be current. | ||
| Housing | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 30 measures |
| Households | ABS 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 18 measures |
| Cultural diversity | ABS, Geoscience Australia 5-yearly (Census) | 2021 Census next update 2026 all 44 measures |
"Currency" is the most recent release feeding that section. Where the Census supplies the structural baseline underneath a current headline figure, the row says so.
How the numbers are built
Population
The Census provides the small-area baseline, aggregated from mesh blocks to this boundary. It is then re-based to the ABS Estimated Resident Population (June 2025 release), and new dwellings built since Census night are counted from address data — 168 validated new addresses here. The headline figure is therefore a current estimate for Aug 2026, not a 2021 count (3,002 at the 2021 Census → 3,229 now). Annual growth rates are compound (CAGR), not simple averages.
Age profile
Cohort shares are not raw Census counts. Every cohort is held as a pair — the Census baseline and a current estimate — and the split is re-based using ERP and state population projections, current to Aug 2026. Median age is the Census median plus modelled change since. Charts that show both are labelled "2021 Census vs Current Estimate".
Property sales
Sourced from the state valuation authority's sales register — current, not Census, and refreshed weekly. Medians are calculated from settled transactions in the period shown; periods with very low transaction counts are flagged or suppressed, because a handful of sales can move a median substantially.
Rents
Derived from state rental bond lodgement data, by dwelling type and bedroom count. Bonds are lodged at the start of a new tenancy, so this reflects new lettings, not the whole rented stock.
Development & infrastructure
Building approvals come from current ABS releases; development applications are collected from council and state planning portals; the infrastructure pipeline is compiled from Infrastructure Australia and local government sources. Applications are matched to this boundary by address or coordinates, so very recent lodgements may not yet appear.
Employment & income
Industry and occupation structure comes from the Census, but the headline labour-market indicators do not. Unemployment and labour force are derived from ABS Small Area Labour Markets (quarterly). The employment outlook applies Department of Employment forecasts for all 19 industry divisions to this area's own industry mix (the agency is now Jobs and Skills Australia), as does the Internet Vacancy Index used for job demand. Because it is weighted on industry composition alone, that outlook carries no allowance for local population growth — in fast-growing areas the real rise in local jobs will typically be higher. Income combines Census household income with ATO taxable-income statistics for FY 2023, indexed forward using the Wage Price Index.
Education, transport & amenities
School enrolments, ICSEA and performance come from ACARA's current release, not the Census. Public transport stops and service frequency are derived from GTFS timetable feeds published by state transport departments. Services and amenities are proximity and count scores built from provider directories, refreshed on their own cycle. The Census contributes only the travel-to-work and qualification measures.
Rankings and benchmarks. Where we rank this area, the comparison set is every area of the same boundary type — suburbs against suburbs, SA2s against SA2s. Benchmarks compare this area against its greater capital city region and the national figure for the same measure and period.
Limits worth knowing. Small areas carry larger error margins, and the ABS introduces small random adjustments to Census counts to protect confidentiality — so totals may not sum exactly. Estimates re-based from regional data describe the area's expected trajectory, not a direct count of it. Figures are indicative for research and are not financial, planning or valuation advice.
Cross-check us. The Census baseline for this boundary is at ABS 2021 Census QuickStats (308031220). QuickStats reports 2021 only — the figures on this page are more current wherever the ledger shows a later date.